You are on page 1of 103

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

CARBON NEUTRAL
Technology Options
for
Sustainable SBM

M.P. Singh
B. Tech.(Civil); M.I.E. (Mech.)
Email:earthizenz@gmail.com
Phone: +919815897053
1

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Global Definition of
Sustainability in any
Development

HUDCO Workshop at CRRID (Aug

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Sustainable Development
(SD)
Sustainable Development is, Development that
"meets the needs of the present generation,
without compromising the ability
of future generations, to meet their own needs"
Brundtland Report (1987).
Sustainability is reached in an
environmentally,
socially
and economically healthy world.

Three Pillars of
Sustainable
Development

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Most important pillar of Sustainability is


Bearable

Social

Environment
Protection.
Sustainable

Environment

Eqitable

Viable

No Environment, No Life on Earth.


Economic

The other two Pillars become Meaningless


4

Environment: Climate
Change

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Over the years the world has


experienced a phenomenon called
Global Warming.
This has been attributed to Green
House Gas Emission
A few GHGs have been identified and
their Global Warming Potential have
been assigned a value, in terms of
Carbon Dioxide equivalent.
5

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Relevant Green House


Gases

Emitted By:
All kinds of burning: garbage, leaveas, Brick Kilns

Carbon Dioxide
Global Warming Potential

1*

Emitted By:
Wastewater, Piles of Solid Waste, Anaerobic
Manuring of dung, dirty ponds, irrigation practice of
flooding paddy fields

Methane
Global Warming Potential

21*

Emitted By:
Wastewater, dirty ponds receiving untreated sewage,
Excessive use of N-fertilizer, Brick Kilns

Nitrous Oxide
Global Warming Potential

* tCO e
2

310*

*Tonnes Carbon dioxide equivalent

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Carbon
Carbon is the Centre point of all life on
this planet: Flora, Fauna, trees, plants,
we the Humans, every body: All Micro
organisms; every single living body.
Carbon is also the centre point of
most sources of energy.
Carbon stays buried as an element and
after centuries, is converted into fossil
fuel and also Diamonds.
Carbon stock in the earth is precious.
Carbon in the atmosphere is a killer

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Why so much noise


about Carbon?

All Green House Gas emissions are measured in


terms of Tonnes of Carbon Dioxide Equivalent
tCO2.
The reverse of emission is Carbon
Sequestration.
Meaning Carbon being taken back into the earth
In 2005 Clean Development Mechanism was
implemented through the UNFCC*
UNFCC under the
Kyoto Protocol.
Protocol Countries like USA and Australia
did not participate.
*United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
8

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

What is Kyoto Protocol?


Binding emission targets for industrialised
countries (called Annex I)
Voluntary participation of developing countries
(called Non-Annex I countries, e.g. India)
Flexible mechanisms to allow countries to
achieve their emission targets cost effectively:
Emission trading (trading of allowances between
Annex I governments)
Clean Development Mechanism (projects in NonAnnex I countries with participation of Annex I countries)
Joint Implementation (projects between Annex I
countries)

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

IPCC Reports

Starting 1988, when the First Assessment


Report of IPCC* was released, there have
been four more.
The fifth one coming in 2014.
Initially Emission Reduction was considered
enough to neutralize Climate Change.
Now we are talking of Mitigation,
Adaptation, Risk Assessment and Climate
Change Proofing

*Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change


10

Earthizenz
Eco Friendly
Systems between 2000 and 2010
GHG
emissions
growth
has been larger than in the previous three
decades.

Based on Figure
SPM.1

Courtesy IPCC AR5

11

Earthizenz
Eco Friendly Systems
Without
additional
mitigation, global mean
surface temperature is projected to increase
by 3.7 to 4.8C over the 21st century.

Based on WGII AR5


Figure 19.4

Courtesy IPCC AR5

12

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Beyond Kyoto Protocol

Despite the fact that the Kyoto Protocol is no


longer in force, International Carbon Trading is still
going on. Carbon Reduction is tradable globally.
The loss of Carbon means accelerating Climate
change.
Countries of the World have been meeting
regularly (conference of Parties or CoPs).
The last such Conference of Parties was at Lima
(CoP-20)
It was decided that in the next conference (CoP21), to be held inParis, in December 2015, all
countries would declare their Intended
Nationally Determined Contributions (INDC)
13

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

National Action Plan on


Climate
Change
Submitted in COP 20, at Lima

Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission


National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency
National Mission on Sustainable Habitat
National Water Mission
National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture
National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan
Ecosystem
National Mission for a Green India
National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate
Change

14

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Breaking News

As we talk, GoI have finalized


and announced its INDC to be
submitted at CoP 21, at Paris, in
December, 2015

15

Climate Talks: Indias INDC


will focus on all key
elements

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Vishwa Mohan,TNN|Aug 24, 2015, 05.20 PM IST


Our INDC will
have all five elements
mitigation
adaptation
finance
technology transfer and
capacity building.
India's INDCs would cover all the National
Missions under the National Action Plan on
Climate Change.

Vishwa Mohan ,TNN|Aug 24, 2015, 05.20 PM IST

16

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

National Mission for a Sustainable


Habitat
To promote sustainability of habitats though
improvements in energy efficiency in
buildings,
urban planning.
Improved management of solid and liquid
waste, including recycling and power
generation
17

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

What is Carbon Neutral?


Carbon neutral, also calledcarbon
neutrality is
The action of organizations, businesses
and individuals taking action to remove
as muchcarbon dioxide from the
atmosphere as each put in to it.
The overall goal ofcarbon neutrality is
to achieve a zerocarbonfootprint.
18

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

What to do?

1. Work towards using new and renewable


energy.
2. Conserve Energy e.g. make energy Conserving
buildings, use materials and things that have not
dented the carbon stock.
3. Manage our waste: Waste is a big source of
GHG Emission.
4. Do not use Energy in managing Waste
5. If possible capture the GHG and Generate
energy
6. Sequester Carbon: e.g. Use a planted filter as
tertiary treatment or use Green/Bio Swales for
transfer of water from Primary to Secondary to
19
tertiary treatment

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Energy Conserving
House
Double glazed Fenestration ,
is used to advantage,
depending on the season and
time of the day.
In summers early morning
ventilation and light is used.
In winters Morning and
afternoon sun heat is trapped

Not a single Burnt Clay


Brick used in the walls. Self
Manufactured Interlocking
flyash filled blocks have
been used
Double glazed Fenestration
used. One glass is tainted
according to the climate of
this region
Boundary wall and inner
partitions in the basement are
of stabilized soil Compressed
interlocking blocks made with
the soil from the basement
itself.
Outer walls are further
insulated with Cellular
Lightweight Concrete
20
Blocks

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

21

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

The first
blocks

How they
interlock
horizontally
and vertically

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Cellular Light Weight


Concrete

The inside portion of the outer wall


is lined with the same light weight
blocks, for added insulation.
All inner walls are made from
Cellular Light Weight Concrete
blocks, made at site. These blocks
have a density of 1. The density of
water.

The roofs are all filled with this


lightweight foamed concrete.

23

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

CLC Blocks being cured

24

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Embodied Energy in Bricks and Blocks


S.
No.

Type of
Block

Typical
Energ Energy/Bl
size of
y/Bloc ock
Block mm k MJ
Equivalen
t
MJ

Burnt Brick

180x180x
70

4.25

4.25

Stabilized
Mud Block

230x190x
100

2.60

1.00

Hollow
Concrete
Block

400x200x
200

12.30

1.32

Steam Cured 230x190x


Block
100

6.7

2.58

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Encouragement of Inter locking


Blocks for walls
Saving in
Mortar
Labour
Supporting

Structure

Labour
Time
Energy
Zero GHG Emission

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Household Level
wastewater Treatment

27

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Water is made to go
to the bottom of
every chamber. The
sludge at the bottom
gets activated.

Air pipes running


across partitions
28

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

These tees ensure that the


lightweight fatty stuff
remains in the chamber and
does not travel to the next
chamber

29

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Final exit point of


effluent. Goes to the
boundary wall and
through and under it.

Final Air Vent

30

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Whole clumps brought


from the nursery and
planted in the gravel.
Entry point of effluent.
Passes through large stone
and a very course wire
netting and trickles into the
bio filter bed

31

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Root zone treatment given


here. This bed will be
broadened after the house
is passed by the urban
authority

Treated water re-enters


the house into an under
ground storage tank. A
solar pump will pump
this water to an over
head tank for usage in
gardening and also
feeding a fountain for
32
final aeration and

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

The original channel was a


straight gravel bed with
about 2% slope, no cells

Another channel with no


slopes, but four cells
provided. Water rises in each
cell upto about 8 and goes
to the next cell

33

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

34

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Domestic Kitchen Waste to


Methane

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Choosing a Sewerage
and a Treatment System

36

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

AVAILABLE OPTIONS:
SEWERAGE SYSTEM & TREATMENT

Onsite Sanitation: PF VIP Septic Tank and Pit Latrines


Conventional Gravity Sewerage System
Settled Sewerage ( Small Bore)
Simplified Gravity Sewerage
Hybrid (mixture of Settled and Simplified
Gravity Sewerage) with Decentralized
Treatment

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Filling the Gap


On-Site
Sanitation
PF
VIPs

Septic
Tanks

Most Complex
Most
Expensive

Conventional
Sewerage
System
Shallow
(Simplified Sewerage)

INCREASING COST

Sewerage System

INCREASING OMPLEXITY

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Simplified Sewerage
Even Cheaper than
On-Site Sanitation
Systems at densities
>160 pers/Hect.

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Conventional Sewerage V/s SimplifiedSewerage


Conventional Sewerage

Simplified Sewerage

Described in the Manual on


Sewerage & Sewage Treatment
1993, MoUD, GOI; since revised in
2013

Described under Section 3.70 of


the Manual on Sewerage &
Sewage Treatment 1993 , MoUD,
GOI. since revised in 2013

Designed for Urban areas

Specially provided for Peri-Urban


Areas, Dense Rural Areas and
Dense Settlements
Can run on 40 lpd/caput water.

Requires
Minimum
150-200
lpd/caput water supply at the
beginning of the design period.
Minimum Diameter of pipe is 150
mm under the above manual.
4

Minimum Diameter of pipe is


100mm under the above manual.

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Conventional Sewerage V/s Simplified Sewerage


Conventional Sewerage

The range of d/D used in the design


is
0.5 and 0.75 as per above
Manual.
Self Cleansing Velocity > 0.6 m/s
Often taken as 0.75 m/s
Peak Factor is taken as 2.5 to3
No minm. Value of Peak Flow taken
Manning Equation is used
All design done for end of design
period.

Simplified Sewerage

The range of d/D used in the


design is 0.2 and 0.8. A
Self Cleansing Velocity of 0.5 m/s
has been successfully used for
over 25 years
Peak Factor taken as 1.8
Minm. Value of Peak Flow taken
as 1.5 litres/sec (approx. Peak
flow from flushing a toilet)
Macedo-Manning
Equation
is
used.
1)Sewer gradient
designed for start
of Design Period
2)Dia. Designed for

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Shallow (Simplified) Sewerage

Settled (Small Bore) Sewerage

Described under Section 3.70 of Described under Section 3.60 of the


the Manual on Sewerage & Sewage
Manual on Sewerage & Sewage
...
Treatment 1993, MoUD, GOI ...
Treatment 1993, MoUD, GOI since
revised in 2013
Conveys Unsettled Wastewater
Conveys Settled (solids Free)
Sewerage
Essentially Conventional Sewerage
Essentially needs a septic tank
Stripped to its Hydraulic Basics
outside every house.
The range of d/D used in the
design is 0.2 and 0.8 instead of 0.5 Not suitable for dense villages
and 0.75
where septic tanks can cause
serious threat of contamination as
well as safety of structures

Minimum pipe Diameter is 110mm

Does not need gradient as self


cleansing Velocity is meaningless.
Minimum Diameter of pipe: 90mm

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

YES

Decision Tree Sewerage


System
Is Simp. Sew. Cheaper than
Do most houses have Safe
Onsite Sanitation?

Septic tanks?
NO

Is minm. 40LPD per Cap


water available?

Can balance houses have


septic tanks? Keeping safe
distances from specified
Structures?

NO

YES

Simplified
Sewerage
YES

YES

NO
Is Water Supply
Augmentation Feasable?

NO

YES
Settled (Small
Bore) Sewerage

Go For
onsite San.

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Centralized

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

The old School System


Centrlized
Septic Tank

Primary
Treatment

Primary/
Secondary
Treatment
Recirculating
Sand Filter

Secondary
Treatment/
Disposal
Maturation/
Storage Pond

1) Septic Tank HRT = 72 Hrs


2) Recirculating Filter ensures minimum
clogging chances.
3) Being Centralized, the septic tank is
preceded by a collecting chamber and
a pump house for dosing Raw Sewage
4) Both Septic Tank And Filter are power
dependent
5) Quality of treatment dependant on
Power continuity

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

The Small Bore System


Primary
Intercepter/ settler
at Household
Level

Aeration Tanks and then to polishing


pond

Secondary
Treatment

Lift Station

1) The advantage of cost saving in


sewerage is lost by having a settler
in every house.
2) Cannot maintain mandatory
distances in congested places
3) Lift Station requires Energy for
pumping
4) Aeration Tanks are Energy
dependant.

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Post Kyoto Changes in EI Nolsons (Inventor of


System) Concept of Small Bore System
1.

Waste water from building

2.

Sedimentation chamber

3.

Pressure pipe sludge

4.

Liquid pipe siphon action

5.

Settlement chamber

6.

Liquid to filtration

7.

Infiltration system

8.

Composting plant

9.

Irrigation/secondary
treatment

Use the small


bore sewerage
system after
settlement

A truly Hybrid
System
Not to have a
septic tank in
every house but
one for a cluster
of several houses

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Current System (Under


Discussion)

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Decentralised
Decentralised
Wastewater
Wastewater
Management
Management

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Hybrid Settled & Gravity Sewrage


System

50

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

The DEWATS SYSTEM


Decentralised Wastewater Treatment Systems (DEWATS)
DEWATS is based on different natural treatment techniques
put together in different combinations according to need.
Pre-treatment and sedimentation in settlement tank or in septic
tank
Secondary anaerobic treatment in baffled reactors, 75% removal
of BOD/COD
Aerobic/ anaerobic treatment in reed bed system.
Vetiver grass forms part of the Collage of plants
The treated water from the reed bed system is stored in a
polishing pond for the aerobic process. Vetiver Floats naturally
aerate the pond
Vetiver Hedgerows are grown on the slopes of the pond.

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Primary Treatment

A unit called a settling tank is used for this phase. It is a


sedimentation tank in which settled sludge is stabilised by
anaerobic digestion.
Dissolved and suspended matter leaves the tank
untreated.
The treatment efficiency of a septic tank is in the range of
30 per cent BOD removal.
A settling tank can also be incorporated into an anaerobic
baffled tank as the first section of a settler device.

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Primary treatment
(Fully mixed Digester)

This can replace the primary Settler


before the baffled reactor, if biogas
is to be stored, otherwise it can be
flared

53

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Secondary Treatment

Baffled reactor is used for this phase.


Several tanks (upflow chambers) are
built in a series to digest degradable
Matter.
Baffles guide WW between the chambers

from top to bottom and up


again.

During the process the fresh influent is


mixed and inoculated for digestion with
the active blanket deposit of
suspended particles and
microorganisms occurring naturally
at the bottom of each chamber in such
conditions.
Because of the physical separation of
Chambers, various microorganisms are
present at different stages, allowing high
treatment efficiency

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Secondary& Tertiary Treatment


Anaerobic
Baffled
Reactor
Primary/
Secondary

treatment

Alternatively
the filter can
be omitted

Anaerobic Filter
(Attachable
to
Anaeroobic
BR.

Filter

Planted
Filter

Horizontal Planted
Filter/ Root Zone/
Wetland

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Recovery of Methane
Gas

If we replace
the first
settler with
this digester,
we can
recover

56

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Combined into One Unit

The Settling tank,


Baffled upflow reactor
and Anaerobic Filter can
be plugged together,

The whole system is


underground and has a
total Hydraulic Residence
time of 8 t0 14 hrs. like the
UASB reactor

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems


The whole System can
fit in any place and is
always underground

Small surfaces become available for


treatment (sidewalks, private yards,
parking lots, alleys, parks, etc.)

In

et
e
tr
S
a

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

The right combination and dimension of Modules


is important.

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Tertiary Treatment

A horizontal planted gravel filter acts through the combined effect


of the filter material and plants growing on the filter media.
Usage of sand as the main filter materials was replaced by
pebbles and granite stones.
The wastewater is resupplied with oxygen while passing through
the planted gravel filter.
The effluent is odour free. Since baffled reactor is being used to
provide secondary treatment the size of the planted filter is
reduced.
This leads to a cost reduction, less needed space above ground
The use of Vetiver grass alongwith other plants further increases
the efficiency and hence the size.
Moreover, the issue of N2O emission is effectively taken care of.

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Planted Gravel Filter

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Vetiver and
Decentralized Treatment
System

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

63

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Vetiver in Planted Filter

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Vetiver In Tertiary Treatment

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Vetiver In Treatment in
Ponds

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Decentralized Treatment
Biodegradable Wastes from
Housing Complexes

67

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Kitchen Waste Grinding

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Presentation at PUDA on
17/10/07

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

We are Standing over a total


Wastewater Recycling System
Situated Underground

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Combined Sewage and Food Waste Treatment


Biogas Plants
No. of
flats

Sewage
cum /day

Wet
Garbage

Biogas
cum /day

Savings in
LPG kg/d

Area in m

50
100
200
300
400
500
600

40
75
150
230
300
380
450

25
50
100
150
200
250
300

89
16 18
32 35
50 54
65 70
80 85
95 - 100

4
8
16
24
32
40
45

5x4
8x5
15x 8
18x10
20x12
25x15
30x18

Earthizenz
EcoWaste
Friendly Systems
Food
Treatment

Waste
qty in
kg / day

Biogas
in
cum/day

Manure

Area in
Sq m

Biogas Plants
Savings in terms of eq.
LPG

Residential colonies / hotels / institutions

100

79

3.4 tpa

5x5

4.5 kg LPG/day

200

13 15

4.2 tpa

6x6

7.2 kg LPG/day

300

19 23

10 tpa

6x9

11.3 kg LPG/day

500

38 40

14 tpa

6 x 10

1.5 LPG cyl /day

800

55 - 65

22 tpa

6 x 12

2 LPG cyl /day

Industrial Canteens / Segregated house hold (kitchen) and Hotel Waste

1000

80 90

0.1 tpd

10 x 10

3 LPG cyl /day

2000

160
180

0.2 tpd

15 x 15

5.5 LPG cyl /day

0.3 tpd

20 x 20

8.5 LPG cyl /day

3000

240
270
Presentation at
PUDA on
17/10/07

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Combined Sewage and Food Waste Treatment


Biogas Plants
No. of
flats

Sewage
cum /day

Wet
Garbage

Biogas
cum /day

Savings in
LPG kg/d

Area in m

50
100
200
300
400
500
600

40
75
150
230
300
380
450

25
50
100
150
200
250
300

89
16 18
32 35
50 54
65 70
80 85
95 - 100

4
8
16
24
32
40
45

5x4
8x5
15x 8
18x10
20x12
25x15
30x18

Presentation at PUDA on 17/10/07

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Food Waste Treatment Biogas Plants

Waste
qty in
kg / day

Biogas
in
cum/day

Manure

Area in
Sq m

Savings in terms of eq.


LPG

Residential colonies / hotels / institutions

100

79

3.4 tpa

5x5

4.5 kg LPG/day

200

13 15

4.2 tpa

6x6

7.2 kg LPG/day

300

19 23

10 tpa

6x9

11.3 kg LPG/day

500

38 40

14 tpa

6 x 10

1.5 LPG cyl /day

800

55 - 65

22 tpa

6 x 12

2 LPG cyl /day

Industrial Canteens / Segregated house hold (kitchen) and Hotel Waste

1000

80 90

0.1 tpd

10 x 10

3 LPG cyl /day

2000

160
180

0.2 tpd

15 x 15

5.5 LPG cyl /day

0.3 tpd

20 x 20

8.5 LPG cyl /day

3000

240
270
Presentation at
PUDA on
17/10/07

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Waste To Energy Projects Biogas Plants


Waste Biogas in
qty in
cum/day
kg / day

Manure

Area in
Sq m

Savings in terms of
eq. LPG

Projects for Vegetable / Fruit Wastes


1000

50 60

0.1 tpd

10 x 10

2 LPG cyl /day

2000

100 120

0.2 tpd

15 x 15

3.5 LPG cyl /day

3000

150 180

0.3 tpd

20 x 20

5.5 LPG cyl /day

Mixed Wastes of vegetable / fruit waste, MSW, Agro, Sewage


Sludge etc.
5 ton/day

250
280

0.5 tpd

30 x 30

21 25 kW/day

10 ton/day

500 600

1 tpd

40 x 40

45 50 kW/day

Presentation at PUDA on
17/10/07

The Clean Development


Mechanism under the Kyoto
Protocol
& Carbon
The following
slides deal Credits
with an offer

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

given to the Chandigarh Administration,


wherein, we had offered the Total
Sanitation of the Village Kishengarh in
Chandigarh, situated right at the head of
the Sukhna Choe, as a CDM Project, in
2005.
We had proposed Simplified Sewerage,
Decentralized treatment right on the banks
of the choe.
76

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Kishengarh Contd
We had proposed to collect all the
biodegradable solid waste, the cow dung,
the daily waste from the nearby Vegetable
Market, along with the wastewater; in a
continuously stirred mixed digester.
The NABARD team went with us to all
villages around Chandigarh. Under CDM
all these Small Scale Projects could have
been bundled.
77

Kishengarh Village Chandigarh, satellite


Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems
View

Sukhna
Lake

Sukhna
Choe

78

Kishengarh Village Chandigarh, street


Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems
view

79

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Gas Storage
Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems
Baloon

Solid waste
Grinder

Gas operated
Electricity Generater

Mixed Waste Biodigester


CO2 and H2s
Scrubber

The Proposed
Equipment

Case Study: Kishengarh :


Total Waste Management&
Elec Gen

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

The Waste consists of:


Kitchen waste from a population of 20000
tons/day

=2

Cow dung from 500 cattle

= 6 tons/day

Fruit and vegetable market waste

= 12 tons/day

Wastewater from 20000 population @100lpd


mld /day

=2

The net methane capture/annum


Tons

= 164.5

Certified Emission Reduction eligibility


2961tCO2e/ann.

82
Translated into money this comes to Rs. 40,00,000/annum

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Case Study: Kishengarh :


Total Waste Management

The methane calculated above is capable of


generating 100 KW (0.1MW) in a day running 24
hours.
At 80% efficiency, this
=700 MWh per annum
Emission of replaced electy. = mixed cycle
= 0.4tCO2/MWh
Carbon Credit

=280 tCO2

At current CER rate this comes to Rs. 3,50,000 per


annum.
Revenue from Sale of Electricity @ Rs.2/- per unit,
leaving 30 units per day for self consumption.
= Rs. 10, 08,000 per Annum
Revenue from Sale of 2 t of Organic Fertilizer/day @
Rs. 2000/tonne
= Rs. 14, 60,000 per Annum

83

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Case Study: Kishengarh :


Total Waste Management
Total Projected project cost
Loan Amount (Say)
Total Revenues Generated
Lacs/Annum
Less Estimated O&M Cost
Lacs/Annum
Net Revenue before Interest
Lacs/Annum
Interest on Loan
Lacs/Annum
Net Revenue Earned
Lacs/Annum
Return on Investment

= Rs. 400 Lacs


= Rs. 200 Lacs
= Rs. 68.18
= Rs. 24.00
= Rs. 44.18
= Rs. 16.00
= Rs. 28.18
=

7.05 %

84

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

The Administration , in its wisdom,


chose to carry the wastewater from
the extreme North of the Town to the
South for treatment

85

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

You might also like