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CARBON NEUTRAL
Technology Options
for
Sustainable SBM
M.P. Singh
B. Tech.(Civil); M.I.E. (Mech.)
Email:earthizenz@gmail.com
Phone: +919815897053
1
Global Definition of
Sustainability in any
Development
Sustainable Development
(SD)
Sustainable Development is, Development that
"meets the needs of the present generation,
without compromising the ability
of future generations, to meet their own needs"
Brundtland Report (1987).
Sustainability is reached in an
environmentally,
socially
and economically healthy world.
Three Pillars of
Sustainable
Development
Social
Environment
Protection.
Sustainable
Environment
Eqitable
Viable
Environment: Climate
Change
Emitted By:
All kinds of burning: garbage, leaveas, Brick Kilns
Carbon Dioxide
Global Warming Potential
1*
Emitted By:
Wastewater, Piles of Solid Waste, Anaerobic
Manuring of dung, dirty ponds, irrigation practice of
flooding paddy fields
Methane
Global Warming Potential
21*
Emitted By:
Wastewater, dirty ponds receiving untreated sewage,
Excessive use of N-fertilizer, Brick Kilns
Nitrous Oxide
Global Warming Potential
* tCO e
2
310*
Carbon
Carbon is the Centre point of all life on
this planet: Flora, Fauna, trees, plants,
we the Humans, every body: All Micro
organisms; every single living body.
Carbon is also the centre point of
most sources of energy.
Carbon stays buried as an element and
after centuries, is converted into fossil
fuel and also Diamonds.
Carbon stock in the earth is precious.
Carbon in the atmosphere is a killer
IPCC Reports
Earthizenz
Eco Friendly
Systems between 2000 and 2010
GHG
emissions
growth
has been larger than in the previous three
decades.
Based on Figure
SPM.1
11
Earthizenz
Eco Friendly Systems
Without
additional
mitigation, global mean
surface temperature is projected to increase
by 3.7 to 4.8C over the 21st century.
12
14
Breaking News
15
16
What to do?
Energy Conserving
House
Double glazed Fenestration ,
is used to advantage,
depending on the season and
time of the day.
In summers early morning
ventilation and light is used.
In winters Morning and
afternoon sun heat is trapped
21
The first
blocks
How they
interlock
horizontally
and vertically
23
24
Type of
Block
Typical
Energ Energy/Bl
size of
y/Bloc ock
Block mm k MJ
Equivalen
t
MJ
Burnt Brick
180x180x
70
4.25
4.25
Stabilized
Mud Block
230x190x
100
2.60
1.00
Hollow
Concrete
Block
400x200x
200
12.30
1.32
6.7
2.58
Structure
Labour
Time
Energy
Zero GHG Emission
Household Level
wastewater Treatment
27
Water is made to go
to the bottom of
every chamber. The
sludge at the bottom
gets activated.
29
30
31
33
34
Choosing a Sewerage
and a Treatment System
36
AVAILABLE OPTIONS:
SEWERAGE SYSTEM & TREATMENT
Septic
Tanks
Most Complex
Most
Expensive
Conventional
Sewerage
System
Shallow
(Simplified Sewerage)
INCREASING COST
Sewerage System
INCREASING OMPLEXITY
Simplified Sewerage
Even Cheaper than
On-Site Sanitation
Systems at densities
>160 pers/Hect.
Simplified Sewerage
Requires
Minimum
150-200
lpd/caput water supply at the
beginning of the design period.
Minimum Diameter of pipe is 150
mm under the above manual.
4
Simplified Sewerage
YES
Septic tanks?
NO
NO
YES
Simplified
Sewerage
YES
YES
NO
Is Water Supply
Augmentation Feasable?
NO
YES
Settled (Small
Bore) Sewerage
Go For
onsite San.
Centralized
Primary
Treatment
Primary/
Secondary
Treatment
Recirculating
Sand Filter
Secondary
Treatment/
Disposal
Maturation/
Storage Pond
Secondary
Treatment
Lift Station
2.
Sedimentation chamber
3.
4.
5.
Settlement chamber
6.
Liquid to filtration
7.
Infiltration system
8.
Composting plant
9.
Irrigation/secondary
treatment
A truly Hybrid
System
Not to have a
septic tank in
every house but
one for a cluster
of several houses
Decentralised
Decentralised
Wastewater
Wastewater
Management
Management
50
Primary Treatment
Primary treatment
(Fully mixed Digester)
53
Secondary Treatment
treatment
Alternatively
the filter can
be omitted
Anaerobic Filter
(Attachable
to
Anaeroobic
BR.
Filter
Planted
Filter
Horizontal Planted
Filter/ Root Zone/
Wetland
Recovery of Methane
Gas
If we replace
the first
settler with
this digester,
we can
recover
56
In
et
e
tr
S
a
Tertiary Treatment
Vetiver and
Decentralized Treatment
System
63
Vetiver In Treatment in
Ponds
Decentralized Treatment
Biodegradable Wastes from
Housing Complexes
67
Presentation at PUDA on
17/10/07
Sewage
cum /day
Wet
Garbage
Biogas
cum /day
Savings in
LPG kg/d
Area in m
50
100
200
300
400
500
600
40
75
150
230
300
380
450
25
50
100
150
200
250
300
89
16 18
32 35
50 54
65 70
80 85
95 - 100
4
8
16
24
32
40
45
5x4
8x5
15x 8
18x10
20x12
25x15
30x18
Earthizenz
EcoWaste
Friendly Systems
Food
Treatment
Waste
qty in
kg / day
Biogas
in
cum/day
Manure
Area in
Sq m
Biogas Plants
Savings in terms of eq.
LPG
100
79
3.4 tpa
5x5
4.5 kg LPG/day
200
13 15
4.2 tpa
6x6
7.2 kg LPG/day
300
19 23
10 tpa
6x9
11.3 kg LPG/day
500
38 40
14 tpa
6 x 10
800
55 - 65
22 tpa
6 x 12
1000
80 90
0.1 tpd
10 x 10
2000
160
180
0.2 tpd
15 x 15
0.3 tpd
20 x 20
3000
240
270
Presentation at
PUDA on
17/10/07
Sewage
cum /day
Wet
Garbage
Biogas
cum /day
Savings in
LPG kg/d
Area in m
50
100
200
300
400
500
600
40
75
150
230
300
380
450
25
50
100
150
200
250
300
89
16 18
32 35
50 54
65 70
80 85
95 - 100
4
8
16
24
32
40
45
5x4
8x5
15x 8
18x10
20x12
25x15
30x18
Waste
qty in
kg / day
Biogas
in
cum/day
Manure
Area in
Sq m
100
79
3.4 tpa
5x5
4.5 kg LPG/day
200
13 15
4.2 tpa
6x6
7.2 kg LPG/day
300
19 23
10 tpa
6x9
11.3 kg LPG/day
500
38 40
14 tpa
6 x 10
800
55 - 65
22 tpa
6 x 12
1000
80 90
0.1 tpd
10 x 10
2000
160
180
0.2 tpd
15 x 15
0.3 tpd
20 x 20
3000
240
270
Presentation at
PUDA on
17/10/07
Manure
Area in
Sq m
Savings in terms of
eq. LPG
50 60
0.1 tpd
10 x 10
2000
100 120
0.2 tpd
15 x 15
3000
150 180
0.3 tpd
20 x 20
250
280
0.5 tpd
30 x 30
21 25 kW/day
10 ton/day
500 600
1 tpd
40 x 40
45 50 kW/day
Presentation at PUDA on
17/10/07
Kishengarh Contd
We had proposed to collect all the
biodegradable solid waste, the cow dung,
the daily waste from the nearby Vegetable
Market, along with the wastewater; in a
continuously stirred mixed digester.
The NABARD team went with us to all
villages around Chandigarh. Under CDM
all these Small Scale Projects could have
been bundled.
77
Sukhna
Lake
Sukhna
Choe
78
79
Gas Storage
Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems
Baloon
Solid waste
Grinder
Gas operated
Electricity Generater
The Proposed
Equipment
=2
= 6 tons/day
= 12 tons/day
=2
= 164.5
82
Translated into money this comes to Rs. 40,00,000/annum
=280 tCO2
83
7.05 %
84
85