RRM Lte V2

Security Level:
By Abid Jameel
a00711490
www.huawei.com
LTE Radio Interface Procedures
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Contents
1- FAQs
2- Reselection
Frame Structure//Throughput Calculations etc
3- SIBs
3- Registration
4-Paging
IDLE Mode
5-Handover
6-DL Power
Control
Connected Mode
7-DL
Scheduling
8-ANR
Self Optimization
9-ICIC
Network
10-MRO
Huawei proprietary. No spread without permission.
Page 2
FAQs
Page 3
Frame Structure (FDD)
elated Concept
Radio Frame
Subframe(TTI)
Slot
Subcarrier
Resource Block (Scheduling Minimum Unit)
Resource Element
Channel
BW (MHz)
RB
Number
Subcarrier
Number
1.4
72
15
180
25
300
10
50
600
15
75
900
20
100
1200
Page 4
Downlink Calculation
ximum throughput = Number of RB 12 (Number of Sub-carrier with

Number of Symbols with a Sub-frame) [ 1 (RS overhead and PDCCH
Modulation symbols efficiency MIMO 1000 (Number of Sub-frame
Coding rate
DD LTE system 10M, 2 * 2 MIMO, 64QAM, the Coding rate is 1.

downlink physical layer theory rate = 50*12*14*(1-(2/21+1/21))*6*2*1000*1 =82.4Mbps
cludes 12 sub-carrier
me 14 symbol
ach symbol represents 6 bits
00ms
head (total symbol of one RB=12*14=168, RS symbol number=16, 16/168=2/21)
overhead (If downlink sub-frame PDCCH accounted for only a symbol, and the PDCCH symbol is the first
ub-frame, this is the minimal overhead in PDCCH, a downlink sub-frame occupies 8 subcarriers, so the
overhead is 8 symbols, 8 / (14 * 12) =8/168= 1/21.
s is an ideal value, because the SCH, BCH also take up some of the resources, and consider the
the actualHuawei
Downlink
peak rate around 70Mbps
proprietary. No spread without permission.
Page 5
Uplink Calculation
m throughput = Number of RB 12 (Number of Sub-carrier with one RB)

ymbols with a Sub-frame) ( 1 RS overhead ) Modulation symbols efficiency
f Sub-frame in one second) Coding rate
D LTE system 10M, None MIMO, 16QAM, the Coding rate is 1.

hysical layer theory rate = 46*12*14*(1-1/7)*4*1000*1=26.5Mbps
cludes 12 sub-carrier
me 14 symbol
h symbol represents 4 bits
ead
0ms
not support 64QAM and MIMO in uplink, and consider the PUCCH occupied 4RB, the pilot overhe
reach the peak rate 25.6Mbps, in fact should also consider the impact of sounding and PRACH,
peak rate around 25Mpbs
Page 6
r Frequency EARFCN Calculation(3GPP : 36.104)

Channel raster
The channel raster is 100 kHz for all bands, which

means that the carrier centre frequency must be an
integer multiple of 100 kHz.
Carrier frequency and EARFCN

The carrier frequency in the uplink and downlink is
designated by the E-UTRA Absolute Radio Frequency
Channel Number (EARFCN) in the range 0 - 65535.
The relation between EARFCN and the carrier frequency
in MHz for the downlink is given by the following equation,
where FDL_low and NOffs-DL are given in table 5.7.3-1 and
NDL is the downlink EARFCN.
FDL = FDL_low + 0.1(NDL NOffs-DL)

The relation between EARFCN and the carrier frequency
in MHz for the uplink is given by the following equation
where FUL_low and NOffs-UL are given in table 5.7.3-1 and
NUL is the uplink EARFCN.
FUL = FUL_low + 0.1(NUL NOffs-UL)
Table 5.7.3-1 E-UTRA channel numbers

E-UTRA
Operating
Band
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
17
18
19
20
21
FDL_low [MHz]
Downlink
NOffs-DL
Range of NDL
FUL_low [MHz]
Uplink
NOffs-UL
Range of NUL
2110
1930
1805
2110
869
875
2620
925
1844.9
2110
1475.9
728
746
758
0
600
1200
1950
2400
2650
2750
3450
3800
4150
4750
5000
5180
5280
0 599
6001199
1200 1949
1950 2399
2400 2649
2650 2749
2750 3449
3450 3799
3800 4149
4150 4749
4750 4949
5000 5179
5180 5279
5280 5379
1920
1850
1710
1710
824
830
2500
880
1749.9
1710
1427.9
698
777
788
18000
18600
19200
19950
20400
20650
20750
21450
21800
22150
22750
23000
23180
23280
18000 18599
18600 19199
19200 19949
19950 20399
20400 20649
20650 20749
20750 21449
21450 21799
21800 22149
22150 22749
22750 22949
23000 23179
23180 23279
23280 23379
734
860
875
791
1495.9
5730
5850
6000
6150
6450
5730 5849
5850 5999
6000 6149
6150 - 6449
6450 6599
704
815
830
832
1447.9
23730
23850
24000
24150
24450
23730 23849
23850 23999
24000 24149
24150 - 24449
24450 24599
33
1900
36000
36000 36199
1900
36000
36000 36199
34
2010
36200
36200 36349
2010
36200
36200 36349
35
1850
36350
36350 36949
1850
36350
36350 36949
36
1930
36950
36950 37549
1930
36950
36950 37549
37
1910
37550
37550 37749
1910
37550
37550 37749
38
2570
37750
37750 38249
2570
37750
37750 38249
39
1880
38250
38250 38649
1880
38250
38250 38649
40
2300
38650
38650 39649
2300
38650
38650 39649
NOTE:
The channel numbers that designate carrier frequencies so close to the operating band edges that the carrier
extends beyond the operating band edge shall not be used. This implies that the first 7, 15, 25, 50, 75 and 100
channel numbers at the lower operating band edge and the last 6, 14, 24, 49, 74 and 99 channel numbers at the
upper operating band edge shall not be used for channel bandwidths of 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 MHz respectively.
Page 7
Example
FDL (center Freq) = FDL_low + 0.1(NDL (EARFCN) NOffs-DL)
Or
NDL (EARFCN)= 10*(FDL (center Freq) - FDL_low ) + NOffs-DL
Say FDL (center Freq) = 1815

NDL (EARFCN)=10*(1815-1805)+1200
NDL (EARFCN)=1300
Page 8
RS Mapping on different AxA MIMO

It is worth noting that the position of the
reference signals is dependent on the value
of the
Physical Cell ID. As such, the system
performs a calculation (Physical Cell ID mod
6) to
determine the correct offset. Figure A
illustrates two cells, each producing a
different
offset.
Figure A
Page 9
s for QoS Class Identifier. This is a special identifier defining the quality of packet communication provided b
of the class is from 1 to 9. Each of this class is defined as in the following table (TS 23.203).
Page 10
f Scheduled User in 1 TTI

information is in PDCCH frame.
mber of RE for PDCCH=100(RB for 100Mhz)*12(SC)*3

mber of bits for PDCCH in 1 TTI=100*12*3*Modulation
PSK
QAM
QAM
QI
xample:
er of bits for PDCCH in 1 TTI=100*12*3*6=21600
bits required by each user for scheduling= 17
upport
forTECHNOLOGIES
scheuding
=21600/17=1270
Users
Huawei proprietary. No spread
without permission.
HUAWEI
CO., LTD.
Page 11
IDLE Mode Behavior

Idle Mode Overview
PLMN Selection
Cell selection & cell reselection
System Information reception
Tracking area registration
Paging monitoring procedure
Page 12
Idle Mode Overview
at is powered on but does not have an RRC connection to the radio network
ed as being in idle mode. In the case of idle mode management, the eNodeB
onfigurations by broadcasting system information, and accordingly, UEs select
e cells to camp on. Idle mode management can increase the access success rate,
e the quality of service, and ensure that UEs camp on cells with good signal
Page 13
PLMN Selection
A PLMN identity consists of a Mobile Country Code

(MCC) and a Mobile Network Code (MNC).
When a UE is powered on or recovers from lack of
coverage, after the cell search, the UE first selects
the last registered PLMN and attempts to register
on that PLMN. If the registration on the PLMN is
successful, the UE shows the selected PLMN on the
display, and now it can obtain service from an
operator. If the last registered PLMN is unavailable
or the registration on the PLMN fails, another PLMN
can be automatically or manually selected
according to the priorities of PLMNs stored in the
USIM.
Page 14
Cell Selection & Reselection
Cell search is a procedure in which a UE achieves time and

frequency
synchronization with a cell, obtains the physical cell ID, and learns
the
signal quality and other information about the cell based on the
physical cell ID. Before selecting or reselecting a cell, a UE
performs
a cell search on all carrier frequencies.
In the Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, Synchronization
Channels
(SCHs) are specially used for cell search. There are two types of
SCH: Primary Synchronization Channel (P-SCH) and
Secondary Synchronization Channel (S-SCH).
The cell search procedure on SCHs is as follows:
The UE monitors the P-SCH to achieve clock synchronization
with a
maximum synchronization error of 5 ms. Physical cell IDs have
one-to-one mapping with primary synchronization signals.
Therefore,
the UE acquires the physical cell ID by monitoring the P-SCH.
The UE monitors the S-SCH to achieve frame synchronization,
that is, time synchronization with the cell.
Cell ID groups have a one-to-one relation with secondary
proprietary. No spread without permission.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES
CO., LTD.
synchronization
signals. Therefore,
the UEHuawei
acquires
the number
P-SCH
S-SCH
PCI
Page 15
Cell Selection Criteria
During cell selection, a UE needs to check whether a cell fulfills the cell selection criteria. The cell selection is bas
ed on the RSRP of the E-UTRAN cell. Before a UE can select a cell to camp on, the RSRP of the cell must be higher
than the user-defined minimum receive (RX) level Qrxlevmin of the cell.
The formula for cell selection decision is as follows:
Srxlev > 0
where Srxlev = Qrxlevmeas - (Qrxlevmin + Qrxlevminoffset) - Pcompensation
Qrxlevmeas is the measured RX level in the cell (RSRP), expressed in decibels with reference to one milliwatt (dB
m).
Qrxlevmin is the minimum required RX level (set in the eNodeB) in the cell, expressed in units of dBm.
Qrxlevminoffset is the offset to Qrxlevmin . This offset is taken into account when the UE attempts to camp on a c
ell in a higher-priority PLMN. That is, when camped on a cell in a VPLMN, the UE considers this offset parameter,
which was signaled from the associated cell in the higher-priority PLMN, in the Srxlev evaluation.
Pcompensation is generated according to the function max(PMax - UE Maximum Output Power, 0). The value is e
xpressed in decibels (dB).
PMax is the maximum allowed transmit power of the UE in the cell, expressed in units of dBm. It is used in uplin
k transmission.
Page 16
Cell Reselection
The signal strength of both serving cell and neighboring cells varies with the m
ovement of UE and so the UE need to select the most suitable cell to camp on.
This process is called cell reselection.
Cell reselection process:
Measurement Start criteria

Cell reselection criteria
Intra frequency
Interfrequency (within LT
InterRAT ( LTE to Other RA
Page 17
Intra frequency Measurement
If the intra frequency measurement triggering threshold is not configured, the

UE performs intra frequency measurements always.
If the intra frequency measurement triggering threshold is configured:
Srxlev > SintraSearch,
the UE does not perform intra frequency measurement.
Srxlev <= SintraSearch,
the UE perform intra frequency measurement.
Srxlev = Smeas - SM
Page 18
Inter Frequency // RAT Measurement
For the neighbor with higher priority
The UE always perform inter frequency / RAT measurement
For the neighbor with Low or equal priority
If the threshold is not configured , the UE always perform inter frequency/RAT

measurement
If threshold is configured:
When Srxlev > SNonIntraSearch, UE does not perform inter frequency / RAT
measurement
When Srxlev <=SNonIntraSeach, UE perform inter frequency / RAT
measurement
UE can get the
serving cell & inter frequency / RAT neighbors priority
h priority cells, UE measure them always, for low priority cells, UE measure them incase of serving cell sign
hold.
equency cells have the same frequency priority, frequencies of different RATs must have different priorities
Page 19
Intra Frequency//Same Priority Cell Reselection Dec

ision
A UE makes a cell reselection decision according to cell reselection criteria. When making a decision on reselection to an intra-freque
ncy or equal-priority inter-frequency cell, the UE checks whether the signal quality of a neighboring cell is higher than that of the ser
ving cell. The UE evaluates the neighboring cell only after the cell meets the cell selection criteria.
The cell-ranking criteria R_s for the serving cell and R_n for neighboring cells are defined as follows:
R_s = Qmeas,s + Qhyst

R_n = Qmeas,n - CellQoffset
where:
Qmeas,s is the measured RSRP of the serving cell, expressed in units of dBm.
Qhyst is the hysteresis for the serving cell used in the ranking criteria, expressed in units of dB. It is set in the eNodeB.
Qmeas,n is the measured RSRP of the neighboring cell, expressed in units of dBm.
CellQoffset is the offset for the neighboring cell used in the ranking criteria, expressed in units of dB. It is set in the eNodeB.
According to the cell reselection criteria, the UE should reselect the new cell only if both the following conditions are met:
The new cell is ranked higher than the serving cell during the cell reselection time.
More than one second has elapsed since the UE camped on the serving cell.
During cell reselection, the UE needs to check whether access to that cell is allowed according to the cellAccessRelatedInfo Informati
on Element (IE) in the SIB1. If the cell is barred, it must be excluded from the candidate list, and the UE does not consider the cell as
a candidate for cell reselection. If the cell is unsuitable because it is part of the list of forbidden TAs for roaming or it does not belon
g to the registered PLMN or an EPLMN, the UE does not consider this cell and other cells on the same frequency as candidates for res
election for a maximum of 300 seconds.
Page 20
Inter-RAT/Inter Frequency High Priority Cell Reselec

tion Decision
For the high priority cells, the UE perform cell reselection if following condition
s are met:
In reselection time, Sxlev of a neighbor is higher than ThreshXHigh

Note: If the highest cell is unsuitable because is part of list of forbidden Tac for
roaming or it does not belong to registered PLMN or an EPLMN, the UE does not
consider this cell as candidate for reselection for a maximum of 300 seconds.
Page 21
Inter-RAT/Inter-Frequency low Priority Cell Reselect

ion Decision
For low priority cells, the UE perform cell reselection if the following condition
are met:
No cell on a higher priority frequency meets the criteria

In reselection time, Srxlev of the serving cell is lower than ThrshServLow, but Srxlev v
alue of the evaluated neighbor cell is greater than ThreshXLow
Page 22
ystem Information Block Contents

SI Block
Content
MIB
Downlink bandwidth of a cell, Physical HARQ Indication Channel (PHICH) parameters, and System Frame
Number (SFN)
SIB1
SIB2
SIB3
SIB4
Parameters related to cell access and cell selection and scheduling information of SI messages
Common radio parameters used by all the UEs in a cell
Common cell reselection parameters for all the cells and intra-frequency cell reselection parameters
Intra-frequency neighboring cell list, reselection parameters of each neighboring cell used for cell
reselection, and intra-frequency cell reselection blacklist
SIB5
Inter-frequency E-UTRA Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number (EARFCN) list and reselection
parameters of each EARFCN used for cell reselection
Inter-frequency cell list and reselection parameters of each neighboring cell used for cell reselection
Inter-frequency cell reselection blacklist
SIB6
UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) neighboring EARFCN list and
reselection parameters of each EARFCN used for cell reselection
UTRA Time Division Duplex (TDD) neighboring EARFCN list and reselection parameters of each EARFCN
used for cell reselection
SIB7
SIB8
GERAN neighboring EARFCN list and reselection parameters of each EARFCN used for cell reselection
CDMA2000 pre-registration information
CDMA2000 neighboring frequency band list and reselection parameters of each band used for cell
reselection
CDMA2000 neighboring cell list of neighboring frequency band
SIB9
SIB10
SIB11
Name of the home eNodeB

Earthquake and Tsunami Warning System (ETWS) primary notification
ETWS secondary notification
Page 23
MIB
The MIB is transmitted over the BCH. The scheduling period of the MIB is 40 ms. The first transmission
of the MIB is scheduled in subframe 0 of radio frames for which the SFN mod 4 = 0, and repetitions are
scheduled in subframe 0 of the last three radio frames in each period.
Page 24
System Information Type-1

Site ID : 0x12519=75033
Cell ID: 02 ( sec-C)
SIB1 is mandatory SIB and send in DL-SCH

The scheduling period of the SIB1 is fixed to 80 ms. The first transmission of the SIB1 is
scheduled in subframe 5 of radio frames for which the SFN mod 8 = 0, and repetitions
are scheduled in subframe 5 of the later radio frames for which SFN mod 2 = 0 in each
period.
SIB1
Parameters related to cell access and cell selection and scheduling information of SI messages
Page 25
System Information (Sib-3)
SIB3
Common cell reselection parameters for all the cells and intra-frequency cell reselection parameters
Page 26
System Information(Sib-4//Sib-6)
SIB6
SIB4
Intra-frequency neighboring cell list, reselection parameters of

each neighboring cell used for cell reselection, and intrafrequency cell reselection blacklist
UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)

neighboring EARFCN list and reselection parameters of each EARFCN
used for cell reselection
UTRA Time Division Duplex (TDD) neighboring EARFCN list and
reselection parameters of each EARFCN used for cell reselection
Page 27
Tracking Area Registration
end paging messages to all enodeB in the TA. A TA is identified by

ng area identifier (TAI), which consist of MCC+MNC+TAC
TAC in SIB1:
A UE informs the EPC of its Tracking area in 2 ways.
Attach/Detach
TA update (Periodic + Normal)
Page 28
Attach//Detach
When a UE needs to obtain service from a network but is not registered to the
network, the UE perform an attach procedure for TA registration
When the UE fails to access the EPC or the EPC doesnt allow the access of the
UE, a detach procedure is initiated. After the detach procedure, EPC no longer
pages the UE.
Page 29
TA Update (Periodic + Normal)
TA update are performed in the following situations:
The UE detects a new TA

The periodic TA update timer expires(T3412 54min)
The UE perform reselection to an E-UTRAN cell from another RAT
The RRC connection is released because of load balancing
The information on UE capabilities stored in the ECP changes
The DRX parameter changes
Page 30
Paging Monitoring Procedure
y Concept
DefaultPagingCycle (T), DRX Cycle Coefficient.

Paging Frame (PF)
Function of IMSI
Paging Occasion (PO)
Paging Parameters in SIB2
BCCH-DL-SCH-Message ::= SEQUENCE

+-message ::= CHOICE [c1]
+-c1 ::= CHOICE [systemInformation]
+-systemInformation ::= SEQUENCE
r Subframe PO
+-criticalExtensions ::= CHOICE [systemInformationr8]
e subframe number i_s of a PO is derived from the following formula:
+-systemInformation-r8 ::= SEQUENCE [0]
=Floor (UE_ID/N) mod Ns
+-sib-TypeAndInfo ::= SEQUENCE OF
SIZE(1..maxSIB[32]) [1]
| +- ::= CHOICE [sib2]
| +-sib2 ::= SEQUENCE [00]
*Occasion (PO) is a subframe where there may be P-RNTI transmitted on
......
PDCCH addressing the paging message.
| | +-pcch-Config ::= SEQUENCE
* Paging Frame (PF) is one Radio Frame, which may contain one or multiple
| | | +-defaultPagingCycle ::= ENUMERATED
Paging Occasion(s).
[rf128]
| | | +-nB
Page::=
31 ENUMERATED [oneT]
N for PF
N mod T = (T div N) x (UE_ID mod N)
SFN for PF
SFN mod T = (T div N) x (UE_ID mod N)
Meaning of Parameters
For Subframe PO
The subframe number i_s of a PO is derived from the
following formula:
i_s =Floor (UE_ID/N) mod Ns
Cycle
min(T,NB). The NB parameter specifies the number of PO subframes in a DRX cycle. Based on the actual
ation on the eNodeB, NB can be set to 4T, 2T, T, T/2, T/4, T/8, T/16, or T/32.
ax(1,NB/T).
IMSI mod 1024.
SIB-2
Page 32
Understanding of NB
Page 33
SFN for PF
SFN mod T = (T div N) x (UE_ID mod N)
Example
For Subframe PO
The subframe number i_s of a PO is derived from the following form
i_s =Floor (UE_ID/N) mod Ns
IMSI: IMSI(448835805669362)
N=N is min(T,NB) N=min(T,T) T=128
Ns =max(1,NB/T) Ns=max(1,NB/T)
Ns=max(1,T/T) 1
UE_ID is IMSI mod 1024 (448835805669362) mod
1024=1010
d T=(128 div 128) x (1010 mod 128)= 114
or(UE_ID/N) mod Ns= Floor(1010/128) mod 1= Floor(7.890625) mod 1=7 mod 1= 0
11
9 10 11 12 13 . . 4 123 124 125 126 127
PF PF PF PF PF PF PF PF PF PF PF PF PF PF PF PF PF PF PF PF PF PF PF PF PF
From calcuation:
Ns=1
I_S=0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

PO
Page 34
Connected Mode
Handover
Power Control (DL)
Scheduling (DL)
Page 35
Handover Procedure
Mobility Management Overview
Intra Frequency handover
Inter Frequency handover
Inter RAT handover
Page 36
obility Management Overview
Page 37
Handover Procedures Entities
mobility robust optimization

(MRO)
Page 38
Measurement Triggering
Only voice
Page 39
Handover Events
Page 40
Key Concept
Step
Direction
Message
Target
Cell
Memo
UE <---> SS
< Power On and Registration >
Cell 1
UE <---> SS
< Now UE is in IDLE mode >
Cell 1
UE <--- SS
Paging
Cell 1
UE ---> SS
RRC Connection Request
Cell 1
UE <--- SS
RRC Connection Setup
Cell 1
UE ---> SS
RRC Connection Setup Complete
Cell 1
UE <--- SS
Security Mode Command
Cell 1
UE ---> SS
Security Mode Complete
Cell 1
UE <--- SS
RRC Connection Reconfiguration
Cell 1
reactivating default
EPS Bearer
10
UE ---> SS
RRCConnectionReconfigurationComplet
e
Cell 1
11
UE <--- SS
Cell 1
Measurement
Control for Target
Cell
12
UE ---> SS
e
Cell 1
13
UE ---> SS
Measurement Report
Cell 1
14
UE <--- SS
Cell 1
Handover
Command
15
UE ---> SS
PRACH
Cell 2
16
UE <--- SS
RACH Response
Cell 2
17
UE ---> SS
e
Cell 2
PASS/FAIL
18
UE <--- SS
ueCapabilityEnquiry
Cell 2
Cell 2
Cell 2
C Connection Reconfiguration is use to

2
dify/establish/release RB/to perform
3
ndover, to setup/modify/release measurement
4
Main IE:
Measurementconfiguration
Mobilitycontrolinformation
Nas-DedicatedInformation
RadioResourceConfiguration
Securityconfiguration
Ue-RelatedInformation
19
UE ---> SS
ueCapabilityInformation
Huawei proprietary.
NoUE
spread
permission.
Page
41
20
---> without
SS
ulInformationTransfer
+ Detach
Request
Gap Mode (1/2)

Inter-RAT
A measurement gap is a time period during which
the UE performs measurements on a neighboring
frequency of the serving frequency. Measurement
gaps are applicable to inter-frequency and interRAT measurements. The UE performs interfrequency or inter-RAT measurements only within
the measurement gaps. One UE normally has only
one receiver, and consequently one UE can receive
the signals on only one frequency at a time.
When inter-frequency or inter-RAT measurements
are triggered, the eNodeB delivers the
measurement gap configuration, and then the UE
starts gap-assisted measurements accordingly. As
shown above, Tperiod denotes the repetition
period of measurement gaps, and TGAP denotes
the gap width, within which the UE performs
Task: Starting Position of the Gap, Gap length
measurements
Page 42
GAP Mode (2/2)

Microsoft Office
Excel 97-2003 Worksheet
Page 43
Intra-Frequency handover
ent A3 will be trigger for Intra-frequency handover.
Page 44
Handover Procedure
A
LTE Vs WCDMA Jargon

RRC Connection Reconfiguration ==
Measurement Control
Measurement Report == Measurement
Report
RRC Connection Reconfiguration == Physical
Channel Reconfiguration or ActiveSetUpdate
RRC Connection Reconfiguration Complete ==
Physical Channel Reconfiguration Complete
or ActiveSetUpdateComplete
'mobilityControlInfo' tells UE about the

frequency of target cell and various
physical channel configuration and
RACH procedure information about the
target cell. In short, this IE
(information element) carries the most
of SIB2 information of target cell.
Page 45
Connection Reconfiguration == Measurement Contro
Page 46
Measurement report
RSRP=68-140=-72dbm
RSRQ=(32-40)/2=-4db
Page 47
Data Forwarding
The data forwarding process is as follows: After the

source eNodeB sends a handover command to the
UE, the UE detaches the connection from the
source eNodeB. The source eNodeB then
forwards the uplink (UL) data that is received
out of order and the DL data to be
transmitted, to the target eNodeB.
Data forwarding prevents a decrease in the data
transfer ratio and an increase in the data transfer
delay that are caused by user data loss during the
handover.
Intra-eNodeB handovers do not require data
forwarding. In the case of inter-eNodeB handover,
the source eNodeB selects a data forwarding path
by using the X2/S1 adaptation mechanism.
Page 48
RRC Re-establishment
When a handover fails, the UE performs a cell

selection procedure and then initiates a procedure
of RRC connection re-establishment towards the
selected cell. The eNodeB makes a decision based
on whether the context of the UE is present or not.
If the eNodeB accepts the re-establishment
request, the UE accesses the selected cell, thus
avoiding drop of the call caused by the handover
failure.
Page 49
Inter-Frequency Measurement
Page 50
Event A2 Triggering Algorithm
overage-based inter-frequency handover, event A2 triggers

frequency measurements. The triggering of this event
ates that the signal quality in the serving cell is lower
a specified threshold.
he measurement result of the serving cell

The hysteresis for event A2
h: The threshold for event A2, it can be
ed separately with RSRP or RSRQ
Page 51
Event A1 Stop Algorithm

Ms: The measurement result of the serving cell
Hys: The hysteresis for event A1
Page 52
Event A4 Handover Execution

Mn: The measurement result of the neighboring
cell.
Ofn: The frequency-specific offset for the frequency
of the neighboring cell.
Ocn: The cell-specific offset for the neighboring
cell.
Hys: The hysteresis for event A4
Thresh: The threshold for event A4
Page 53
Inter-RAT Measurement
Measurement Trigger
Page 54
Measurement Object
Page 55
Handover Trigger B1 Event

Mn: The measurement result of the neighboring
cell
Ofn: The frequency-specific offset for the
frequency of the neighboring cell
Hys: The hysteresis for event B1. The hysteresis
values for inter-RAT handovers to UTRAN,
Page 56
LTE UMTS PS Handover Flow
Page 57
Power Control
Page 58
Classification of Power Control
Page 59
Downlink Power Control Classification

The configured power must meet the requirements
for the downlink coverage of the cell
wer assignment
er assignment is applicable to the cell-specific

signal, synchronization signal, PBCH, PCFICH, and
H and PDSCH that carry common information of the
configure fixed power based on channel quality.
ured power must meet the requirements for the
overage of the cell.
power control
ower control is applicable to the PHICH and the
d PDSCH that carry dedicated information sent to
mic power control lowers interference, expands cell
and increases coverage while meeting users'
ements. However, these channels can also support
assignment, and in fact, this is our recommendation because the AMC function can also meet the requirement of QoS.
Page 60
Cell Specific RS Power Setting

The cell-specific reference signal is transmitted in
all downlink subframes. The signal serves as a
basis for downlink channel estimation, which is
used for data demodulation.
The power for the cell-specific reference signal is
set through the ReferenceSignalPwr
parameter, which indicates the Energy Per
Resource Element (EPRE) of the cell-specific
reference signal.
Page 61
Synchronization Signal Power Setting

The synchronization signal is used for cell search
and system synchronization. There are two types
of synchronization signals, the Primary
Synchronization Channel (P-SCH) and the
Secondary Synchronization Channel (S-SCH).
The offset of the power for the P-SCH and S-SCH
against the power for the cell-specific reference
signal is set through the SchPwr parameter.
Page 62
PBCH/PCFICH Power Setting

On the PBCH, broadcast messages are sent in each
frame. The messages carry the basic system
information of the cell, such as the cell bandwidth,
antenna configuration, and frame number.
The offset of the power for the PBCH against the
power for the cell-specific reference signal is set
through the PbchPwr parameter.
The PCFICH carries the number of OFDM symbols
used for PDCCH transmission in a subframe. The
PCFICH is always mapped to the first OFDM symbol
of each subframe.
The power for the PCFICH is set through the
PcfichPwr parameter, which indicates an offset of
the power for the PCFICH against the power for the
cell-specific reference signal.
Page 63
PDCCH/PDSCH Power Setting
Page 64
Dynamic Power Control - PHICH
Example
the transmit power for the PHICH is periodically

adjusted to adapt to change in path loss and
shadow shading according to the difference
between the estimated SINRRS and SINRTarget.
Page 65
Dynamic Power Control - PDCCH

When PDCCH carry the following dedicate info,
power control should be performed to ensure the
receive reliability
Uplink scheduling information (DCI format 0)
Downlink scheduling information
(DCI format 1/1A/1B/2/2A)
PUSCH/PUCCH TPC commands
(DCI format 3/3A)
the transmit power for the PDCCH is periodically adjusted

according to the difference between the measured BLER and
BLERTarget. If the measured BLER is greater than BLERTarget,
transmit power is increased. Otherwise, transmit power is
decreased.
Page 66
PDSCH Power Presentation 1/3

Power control for the PDSCH determines the EPREs
of different OFDM symbols
Regarding power control for the

PDSCH, the OFDM symbols on one
slot can be classified into two
types. Above table shows the
OFDM symbol indexes within a slot
where the ratio of the EPRE to the
EPRE of RS is denoted by A or B.
Pb
Pa
Comments
0{Log(1/1)}
Re=Rs
-3 {Log(1/2)}
2Re=Rs
-4.77
{Log(1/3)}
3Re=Rs
Microsoft Office
PowerPoint 97-2003 Prese
Page 67
PDSCH Power Presentation

r 2/3
only AOFDMA symbol
=12*100=1200
wer is 40watt, so each RE will get 40/1200=1/30=33.33mWatt=15.22dBm
nsider BOFDMA symbol

e(AOFDMA symbol) , then power of Non-transmitting RS (due to MIMO) will be
with other REs, then each RE will get extra power, i.e.
+1/4 RS=5/4 RS
OFDMA) frame= 15.22dBm

BOFDMA) frame=33.33mWatt*5/4=41.666mWatt= 16.19dBm
=15.2dBm
Re(AOFDMA symbol), then power of Non-transmitting RS(due to MIMO) will be
transmitting Rs, So Rs=66.66mWatt=18.2dBm, in this case Re(AOFDMA)=Re(BOFDMA)
e(AOFDMA symbol), Rs=3*33.33=99.99mWatt=20dBm

MA symbol)=3/4Re(AOFDMA symbol)=3/4(33.333)=24.999mWatt=13.9dBm
Page 68
PDSCH Power Presentation 3/3
PRS(dBm)
PA(dB)
PB
Recommendation 1
15.2
default value Huawei

suggestion
18.2
-3
recommendation 2
19.9
-4.77
recommendation3
21.2
-6
Parameter Configuration of PA/PB/PRS
When the eNodeB receives a CQI reported by the

UE, it compares the reported CQI with the previous
CQI. If the difference between the two CQI values
is great, the process for re-calculating the PAfor
the UE is started.
Page 69
Scheduling
Page 70
Scheduling
The eNodeB implements scheduling at the media access control (MAC) layer and provides timefrequency resources for uplink and downlink through scheduling. On the premise of guaranteed
quality of service (QoS), scheduling aims to transmit data on the channel with better quality and
maximize system throughput by using different channel qualities among UEs.
Page 71
Scheduling Policies
Max C/I
lRound robin (RR)
lProportional fair (PF)
lEnhanced proportional fair (EPF)
Scheduling Policy
Max C/I
Effect Factor
Channel quality
Scheduling Priority
The UE with better channel quality has a higher priority in
scheduling.
Usage Scenario
To verify the maximum system
throughput
RR
None
Each UE has equal opportunity to be scheduled.
To verify the upper limit of

scheduling fairness
PF
Service rate and channel quality
The UE with a small ratio between the service rate and channel
quality has a higher priority in scheduling.
To verify the system throughput

and fairness
EPF
Service rate, channel quality, and QoS

requirement
Taking all the prior scheme into consideration
In operating networks
Page 72
Scheduling Scheme
Semi Persistent
Dynamic
Semi-Persistent Scheduling
Semi-persistent scheduling is introduced to reduce the overhead of control signaling. Semipersistent scheduling is a process where one user uses the same time-and-frequency resources in a
specified semi-persistent scheduling period (20 ms in Huawei eNodeB) until they are released.
Semi-persistent scheduling is mainly used for processing services with a constant rate, regular
packet arrival, and low delay requirements, such as the Voice over IP (VoIP). By adopting semipersistent scheduling, VoIP services can save the overhead of control signaling and increase the
VoIP capacity.
Dynamic Scheduling
In dynamic scheduling, scheduling is performed every Transmission Time Interval (TTI) of 1 ms and
all the UEs to be scheduled are notified with the scheduling information through control signaling
Page 73
within
this TTI. Dynamic scheduling
has no requirements on the size and
arrival time of data
DL Scheduler
Downlink scheduling allocates time-and-frequency
resources at the Physical Downlink Shared Channel
(PDSCH) for transmission of system messages and
downlink data. Downlink scheduling described in
this chapter is based on the EPF scheduling
strategy.
Downlink scheduling calculates available
scheduling resources based on the current
remaining power. In addition, the scheduling
priority and Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS)
are determined based on the amount of data at
the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, QoS
requirements of bearers, and UE channel quality. In
downlink scheduling, the UE channel quality
information is obtained through the CQIs reported
by the UE. The prioritization and MCS selection of
scheduling depend on the CQI information.
Therefore, if reported CQIs cannot properly reflect
the actual channel conditions, the downlink
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES
CO.,
LTD.
resource
efficiency is
low.
Page 74
DL Scheduling
VoIP service
The VoIP service experiencing semi-persistent scheduling has
the highest priority. Semi-persistent scheduling is used in the
talk spurts of the VoIP services.
Control-plane data and IMS signaling
Control-plane data consists of common control messages and
UE-level control messages. Common control messages consist
of broadcast messages, paging messages, and random access
response messages. UE-level control messages consist of
Signaling Radio Bearer 0 (SRB0), SRB1, and SRB2.
The scheduling of IMS signaling is the same as that of UE-level
control messages.
HARQ retransmission data
Other initial transmission services
Other initial transmission services refer to the initial
transmission services of other QCIs excluding VoIP services and
IMS signaling.
Page 75
VOIP
Page 76
Control-Plane Data and IMS Signaling
The scheduling priority of control-plane data is only lower than that of VoIP services. Controlplane data is subject to dynamic scheduling. Control-plane data consists of common control
messages and UE-level control messages. The scheduling of IMS signaling is the same as that
of UE-level control messages. Handover and Power control is also UE-Level Control messages.
Page 77
HAQR Retransmission Data

The HARQ retransmission (both urgent and non
urgent) with longer waiting time has a higher
scheduling priority. If all the retransmissions have
the same waiting time, a retransmission is
randomly selected.
Page 78
Total Process of Other Services Prioritization

*UEs that experience semi-persistent scheduling in the current
TTI
*UEs that experience HARQ retransmission scheduling in the
current TTI
*UEs that run out of HARQ process numbers
*UEs that enter the measurement gap
*UEs that enter the DRX dormant period
Rate*UEs
of non-GBR
service
Min_GBR (DLMINGBR)
that stay
out of>synchronization
and have failed radio links
Within Time T:
Rate of GBR service > T*{Maximum number of DL-SCH
transport block bits received within a TTI}
Page 79
Prioritization of Remaining Services
oritization of Non-GBR Service

CQI
The service with higher spectral efficiency of the corresponding
wideband CQI has a higher priority.
Average rate of non-GBR services
The non-GBR service with a larger average rate has a lower priority.
UE differentiation factor
The UE differentiation factor reflects the priority of UEs of different
levels. The UE with a higher level set by operators has a higher
priority in scheduling.
Weight factor {Service Type(Bit Torrent Vs Non-Bit Torrent)
And/Or QCI}
Weight factors in downlink scheduling are classified into QCI class
weight factors and service type-based weight factors. Huawei eNodeB
can distinguish between Bit Torrent (BT) and non-BT services using a
switch under the DlSchSwitch parameter.
Larger
weight factor leads to higher
priority of scheduling
Page 80
Prioritization of GBR
oritization of GBR Service

Channel quality
The instantaneous channel quality of the UE is taken into account.
The UE with better instantaneous channel quality has a higher
priority. In the case of the same channel quality, the GBR service
with QCI of 1 has a higher priority than other GBR services.
Delay
The closer the waiting time of the first packet in the buffer is to
the Packet Delay Budget (PDB), the higher the priority is. The PDB
value depends on the QCI.
Relative priority
The prioritization of GBR services is different from that of non-GBR
services. This factor is added to compare the priority of GBR
services with that of non-GBR services.
Page 81
MCS Selection & Resource Allocation
CQI ITBS RBs IMCS
Page 82
Calculation of Throughput based on MCS
If you know the MCS index, you can calculate the throughput for that specific MCS index as follows:
Calculation Procedure for downlink(PDSCH) is as follows :
i) refer to TS36.213 Table 7.1.7.1-1
ii) get I_TBS for using MCS value (ex, I_TBS is 21 if MCS is 23)
iii) refer to TS36.213 Table7.1.7.2.1
iv) go to column header indicating the number of RB
v) go to row header 21 which is I_TBS
vi) you would get 51024 (if the number of RB is 100 and I_TBS is 21)
vii) (This is Transfer Block Size per 1 ms for one Antenna)
If we use 2 antenna, it is 51024 bits * 2 Antenna * 1000 ms = about 100 Mbps
Calculation Procedure for uplink(PUSCH) is as follows :
Same as the downlink as above except that you have to refer to 36.213 Table 8.6.1-1 at step i)
Uplink Analysis Parameter Calculation

Microsoft Office
Excel 97-2003 Worksheet
Page 83
CQI Adjustment
The CQI report period is far greater than the
scheduling period, which leads to deviation
between the CQI at the reported time and CQI in
scheduling. Therefore, the CQI adjustment
algorithm, based on the ACKs and NACKs to initial
transmissions, should check the deviation between
the reported CQI and the actual channel quality
and provides an adjusted CQI for scheduling.
The UE is scheduled according to the reported CQI,

and the IBLER target value of the UE is 10%. In
actual system, however, the IBLER target value
may reach 20% to maximize system capacity. In
this case, the CQI reported by the UE fails to reflect
iAdjAlgoSwitch
the actual channel quality because the IBLER
If this switch is set to On, the CQI adjustment algorithm
is enabled.
theUE
case,
the eNodeBwith
would
target
value ofInthe
is inconsistent
that of
adjust the UE-reported CQI based on the IBLER. If thisthe
switch
is set to Off, the CQI adjustment algorithm
eNodeB.
is disabled. In this case, the eNodeB would not adjust the UE-reported CQI based on the IBLER.
Page 84
SON
1-Automatic Neighbor Relation
2- ICIC
3-MRO
Page 85
Automatic Neighbor Relation
self-optimization function. It automatically maintains the integrity and effectiveness of neighbor cell lists (N
handover success rates and improve network performance. In addition, ANR does not require manual interv
duces the costs of network planning and optimization.
Neighbor relations are classified into normal and abnormal neighbor relations. Abnormal neighbor
relations exist in the cases of missing neighboring cells, unstable neighbor relations, PCI
collisions, and abnormal neighboring cell coverage.ANR automatically detects missing
neighboring cells, PCI collisions, and abnormal neighboring cell coverage and maintains neighbor
relations.
ANR classifications
Page 86
Concepts Related to ANR

-NCL (Neighbor Cell List)
-NRT (Neighbor Relation
Table)
-TempNRT (Temporary NRT)
-BlackList
-HO Black List
-X2 Black List
-WhiteList
-HO White List
-X2 White List
-PCI Collision
-Abnormal Neighbor Cell
coverage
Page 87
NCL
An NCL of a cell contains the information about the neighboring cells of a cell. Unless
otherwise stated, neighboring cells mentioned in this document exclude intra-eNodeB
neighboring cells. NCLs are classified into intra-RAT NCLs and inter-RAT NCLs. Each cell
has one intra-RAT NCL and multiple inter-RAT NCLs.
An NCL includes the ECGIs (for E-UTRAN cells) or CGIs (for inter-RAT cells), PCI
s, and EARFCNs of the neighboring cells.
The eNodeB adds newly detected neighboring cells to the NCL. The NCL is used as a ba
sis for creating neighbor relations. Neighboring cells in the NCL can be automatically
managed (for example, added, deleted, or modified) by ANR. They can also be manage
d manually.
Page 88
of a cell contains the information about the neighbor relations between a cell and its neighboring
classified into intra-RAT NRTs and inter-RAT NRTs. Each cell has one intra-RAT intra-frequency NR
a-RAT inter-frequency NRT, and multiple inter-RAT NRTs. The intra-RAT intra-frequency NRT and in
quency NRT are referred to as the intra-RAT NRT in this document.
n example of the NRT. The information in this table is for reference only.
1An example of the NRT
SN
LCI
Local Cell PLMN
TCI
No Remove
No HO
LCI#1
46001
TCI#1
TRUE
TRUE
LCI#1
46001
TCI#2
FALSE
FALSE
LCI#1
46001
TCI#3
TRUE
TRUE
Page 89
TempNRT
A TempNRT is a temporary NRT. It has the same data
structure as the NRT. Each cell has an intra-RAT intrafrequency TempNRT and an intra-RAT inter-frequency
TempNRT but does not have an inter-RAT TempNRT. The
Intra-RAT intra-frequencyTempNRT and intra-RAT intrafrequency TempNRT are referred to as the intra-RAT
TempNRT in this document. After detecting a new intraRAT neighbor relation, the eNodeB adds it to the intraRAT TempNRT. Then, the eNodeB regularly maintains
the neighbor relation in the TempNRT. If the new
neighbor relation is normal, the eNodeB adds it to the
Page 90
Blacklist
HO Blacklist
An HO blacklistcontains the information about neighbor
relations that cannot be used for a handover or removed
automatically from the NRT by ANR. The neighbor
relations in the HO blacklist must meet the following
conditions:
NO Remove = TRUE
NO HO = TRUE
A neighbor relation can be added to the HO blacklist
manually.
X2 Blacklist
Page 91
Whitelist
HO Whitelist
An HO whitelist[1]contains the information about
neighbor relations that can be used for a handover but
cannot be removed automatically from the NRT by ANR.
The neighbor relations in the HO whitelist must meet the
following conditions:
NO Remove = TRUE
NO HO = FALSE
A neighbor relation can be added to the HO whitelist
manually.
Page 92
PCI
A PCI is the identifier of a physical cell. A maximum of 504
PCIs are supported, according to reference document.
Therefore, PCI collisions occur inevitably. PCI collisions
negatively affect handover performance and the handover
success rate. For details about PCI collision handling,
The PCI of an E-UTRAN cell corresponds to:
The primary scrambling code (PSC) of a UTRAN FDD cell
The cell ID of a UTRAN TDD cell
The base transceiver station identity code (BSIC) of a
GSM/EDGE radio access network (GERAN) cell
The pseudo number (PN) offset of a CDMA cell
Page 93
e (also called cross-cell coverage) refers to the coverage of a

ted by a UE in the serving cell. The eNodeB regards this cell
to add the neighbor relation to the NRT,. The signals of an a
he success rate of handovers to this cell is low. The coverage
enarios:
nges because of improper installation or a natural phenome
mbrella cell cover lower cells.
Page 94
Classification of ANR
Intra-RAT ANR
Intra-RAT Fast ANR
Inter-RAT ANR
Inter-RAT Fast ANR
Page 95
Intra-RAT ANR
1.The source eNodeB delivers the intra/inter-frequency
measurement configuration to the UE and requests the UE to
measure intra-frequency neighboring cells that meet the
measurement configuration.
Source
2. The UE detects that the PCI of cell B meets the measurement
configuration and reports it to the source eNodeB. Then, the source
eNodeB checks whether the intra/inter-RAT NCL of cell A includes
the PCI of cell B. If yes, the procedure ends. If no, the following steps
continue.
3.The source eNodeB instructs the UE, using the newly
discovered PCI as a parameter, to read the ECGI, Tracking Area Code
(TAC), and PLMN ID list of cell B.
4.The source eNodeB schedules appropriate idle periods to allow
the UE to read the ECGI, TAC, and PLMN ID list of cell B over the
broadcast channel (BCH).
5.The UE reports the detected ECGI, TAC, and PLMN ID list of cell
B to the source eNodeB.
The source eNodeB adds the newly detected neighboring cell of cell B to the
Page 96
Neighbor
Intra-RAT Fast ANR

Before a UE performs handovers, the eNodeB can obtain the information about all neighboring cells
with the signal quality reaching or exceeding certain RSRP (it is specified by theFastAnrRsrpThd
parameter) based on the reporting of periodic UE measurements. This reduces the impact of eventtriggered UE measurements on handover performance when the UE performs handovers.
Page 97
Inter-RAT ANR
1. The source eNodeB delivers the inter-RAT measurement
configuration (including target RATs and EARFCNs) to the UE,
activates the measurement gap mode, and instructs the UE to
measure the neighboring cells that meet the measurement
configuration.
2.The UE detects that the PCI of cell B meets the
measurement configuration and reports it to cell A. If the
source eNodeB detects that its NCL does not include the PCI
of cell B, it proceeds to the following step.
3.The source eNodeB instructs the UE, using the newly
discovered PCI as a parameter, to read other parameters of
cell
B, such
as CGI.
4.The
source
eNodeB schedules appropriate measurement gaps to
allow the UE to read the CGI and other parameters of cell B over the
BCH.
5.The UE reports the source eNodeB the CGI and other parameters of
cell B.
The source eNodeB adds the newly detected neighboring cell to its
inter-RAT NCL and adds the neighbor relation to the inter-RAT NRT.
Page 98
Inter-RAT Fast ANR

After inter-RAT fast ANR is activated, the eNodeB delivers the inter-RAT measurement configuration to
the UE and instructs the UE to detect neighboring GERAN, UTRAN, and CDMA cells by using periodic
measurements.
The principles of inter-RAT fast ANR are the same as those of intra-RAT fast ANR
Page 99
PCI Collision Handling

A PCI collision occurs if two cells in an NCL have the same
PCI but different ECGIs. PCI collisions may be caused by
improper network planning or abnormal neighboring cell
coverage (also known as cross-cell coverage). If two intrafrequency neighboring cells have the same PCI,
interference will be caused.
PCI reallocation is a process of allocating a new PCI to a cell whose PCI collides with the PCI of
When
a PCI collision occurs, the eNodeB cannot determine
another cell. This aims to eliminate PCI collisions.
IfOptimization
Analysis
Modeis
set toImmediateorScheduled,
the M2000 triggers
PCI
the
target
cell
for
a
handover.
This
deteriorates
the
reallocation in the mode specified by the value ofOptimization Analysis Mode. The M2000 also
provides
suggestions
on PCI reallocation upon
receiving
a PCI collision
handover
performance
and
reduces
the alarm.
handover success
rate. Therefore, eliminating PCI collisions is an important
issue in network optimization.
After a PCI collision is eliminated, the PCI is unique in the
Page 100
ICIC
Page 101
Overview ICIC
All physical resource blocks (PRBs) occupied by user
equipment (UEs) in a cell are mutually orthogonal in the
frequency domain; therefore, intra-cell interference is
very low. However, inter-cell interference is relatively
high because the frequency reuse factor is 1, in which
case every cell can provide services over the entire
system band. For cell edge users (CEUs), the impact of
the inter-cell interference is especially severe. Therefore,
to increase the cell capacity and CEU throughput, intercell interference must bemitigated.
ICIC
DL
Static
Dynamic Static
UL
Dynamic
ICIC is atechnologythatcollaborates with power control and media access control (MAC)
scheduling technologies to mitigate inter-cell interference. ICIC divides the entire system band
into three frequency bands and uses different frequency bands at the edge of neighboring cells.
CEUs, which cause high interference or may be sensitive to interference, are preferentially
scheduled in the cell edge bands to mitigate inter-cell interference. The interference mitigation
enhances the network coverage and improves the CEU throughput
Page 102
Technical Principles of ICIC

Key Concept:
A3 Event for ICIC
CEU/CCU
Power Control
MAC Scheduling
Therelationships between the key techniques are
described as follows:
i) CEU/CCU identification is a technique of
identifying the UE type (CEU or CCU) based on
event A3.
ii)Edge band mode assignment is a technique of
allocating different edge bands to neighboring
cells. Edge band adjustment is a technique of
expanding or shrinking the edge band of a cell
based on inter-cell interference and the cell load.
Edge band mode assignment and edge band
adjustment collaborate to determine the edge
band of each cell.
iii)Power control and MAC scheduling collaborate
to allocate PRBs to UEs based on cell edge bands
and UE types. PRBs in edge bands are mainly
HUAWEI
TECHNOLOGIES
CO., in
LTD.
allocated
to CEUs,
and those
center bands
are
Page 103
CEU/CCU Identification
Principles
When initially accessing a network, a UE is recognized as
a CCU by the serving cell; after a handover, the UE is
recognized as a CEU by the target cell. After a short period
following
the
initial
access
or
handover,
the
eNodeB
starts
eNodeBs identify CEUs and CCUs based on ICIC event A3 as
follows:
to use event A3 for ICIC (referred to as ICIC event A3 in
i)If anICIC event A3 reportcontains the measurement result
thisabout
document)
toa UE,
determine
whether
the UEs are CEUs or
only
the serving cell of
the eNodeB treats
the UE as
a CCU. An example of this is when the UE moves from the cell
CCUs.
edge to the cell center.
ii)If an ICIC event A3 report contains the measurement result
about at least one neighboring cell, the eNodeB treats the UE as
a CEU.
Page 104
ICIC Event A3 Based on RSRP Measurement
Page 105
Entering Condition for ICIC Event A3
Page 106
Leaving Condition for ICIC Event A3
Page 107
More Parameter of ICIC Event A3
Page 108
Edge Band ModeAssignment

Edge band mode assignment is a technique of
allocating different edge bands to neighboring
cells. There are three edge band
modes:MODE1,MODE2, andMODE3, which
represent low-, medium-, and high-frequency
bands, respectively. The bandwidth of each band is
about 1/3 of the physical downlink shared channel
(PDSCH) or physical uplink shared channel
(PUSCH) bandwidth. The PRBs available to CEUs in
a cell using a specific edge band mode correlate
with the ICIC policy and system bandwidth. The
policy can be either dynamic ICIC or static ICIC.
If there are three cells per eNodeB, as shown in
Figure , neighboring cells use different edge band
modes so that CEUs in the cells are served by
different frequency bands in the system band.
Theoretically, the use of three edge band modes
can eliminate inter-cell interference in the
frequency domain.
Page 109
Edge Band Adjustment (Only in Dynamic ICIC)

There are two ICIC policies: static ICIC and dynamic ICIC.
The difference between them is that only dynamic ICIC
adjusts edge bands.
i) Edge bandexpansion condition
The current cell expands its edge band if its edge band is
heavily
loaded
while the edge bands in its neighboring
ii) Edge band shrinking
condition
Activeshrinking: The current cell actively shrinks
cells
are lightly loaded.Figureis used as an example to
its edge band if its edge load is relatively low.
Passive
shrinking:
Whenload
the neighboring
cell
describe
edge
evaluation:
Yellow grids for the current
expands its actual edge band within the edge band
defined
in static ICIC, the the
currentPRBs
cell shrinks
its
cell represent
defined
in static ICIC, and green
edge band if the PRBs used by the current and
grids
with
Y denote
the
PRBs that CEUs in the current cell
neighboring
cells collide.Figure
shows
an example
of passive shrinking.
actually use beyond the edge band defined in static ICIC.
In this situation, the current cell determines that the
Page 110
Mobility Robustness Optimization (MRO)
Mobility Robustness Optimization (MRO) is a feature that is applicable to the Self-Orga

nizing Network (SON). It enables automatic optimization of handover-related paramet
er settings. Through handover scenario identificationand handover measurements in
the scenarios, the MRO feature optimizes the handover-related parameter settings bas
ed on the measurement results.
MRO is aimed at minimizing handover failures, service drops, and undesirable handov
ers such as premature handovers, delayed handovers, and ping-pong handovers. It he
lps resolve problems such as deteriorated user experience and avoids a waste of netw
ork resources caused by incorrect parameter settings.
Page 111
Overview of MRO
1.Handover scenario identification

The characteristics of abnormal handovers are analyzed, and the scenarios for premature handover
s, delayed handovers, and ping-pong handovers are defined.During a handover, the MRO feature id
entifies the handover scenario.
2.Handover scenario handling
Within an MRO period, the eNodeB measures the number of abnormal handovers that are identifie
d in the handover scenario identification process. When an MRO period arrives, the eNodeB determ
ines how to modify the parameters based on the number of abnormal handovers and the threshold
for the number of abnormal handovers.
3.Result monitoring
After the parameters are modified, the handover-related counters are monitored. If the handover p
erformance improves, the parameter settings are not rolled back during the next MRO period. If the
handover performance deteriorates, the parameter settings are rolled back during the next MRO pe
riod.
Page 112
Intra-RAT MRO
Intra-Radio Access Technology (RAT) MRO is a process in which the LTE parameters related to intra-fre
quency or inter-frequency handover are optimized. An intra-frequency handover is triggered by event
A3, and an inter-frequency handover is triggered by events A2 and A4. Therefore, the parameters to b
e changed are the Cell Individual Offset (CIO) for event A3, CIO for event A4, and threshold for event
A2
Scenario: premature, delayed, or ping-pong handover
Page 113
Premature Handover
Scenario 1: After receiving a handover command, a UE experiences a radio link failure (RLF) during
the handover to the target cell. Then, the UE is handed over back to the source cell or other cells du
ring radio resource control (RRC) connection reestablishment. This indicates that the UE was mistak
enly handed over to the target cell because the signal quality of the source cell was still satisfactory
for the UE or the handover conditions were easily met in the target cell.
Scenario 2: After receiving a handover command, a UE camps on the target cell for a short period b
efore an RLF occurs. When the RLF occurs, the RRC connection is reestablishment in the source cell
or other cells for the UE. This indicates that the UE was mistakenly handed over to the target cell be
cause the signal quality of the target cell fluctuated significantly or the handover conditions were ea
sily met in the target cell.
The number of premature handovers increases by one for the corresponding neighboring cell pair i
n the neighbor relation table (NRT) in either of the scenarios.
ameter: Lower CIO for Event

Page 114
Delayed Handover
A delayed handover is a process in which an RLF occurs in
the source cell and the RRC connection is reestablished in
a non-source cell before the UE receives a handover
command. In a delayed handover, the UE moves out of
the source cell.
Handovers in the LTE system are classified into intrafrequency and inter-frequency handovers. An intrafrequency handover is triggered by event A3, and an interfrequency handover is triggered by events A2 and A4.
ameter:
Increase
CIO for Event
Event
A2 determines
whether to deliver inter-frequency
measurement reports. If the parameters related to event
Page 115
Ping-Pong Handover
shows the ping-pong handover decision. When the pingpong handover decision is performed, period 2 is
compared with the threshold for the ping-pong handover
period. If the value of period 2 is smaller than the value of
the thresholdPingpongTimeThd, a ping-pong handover
occurs. A ping-pong handover indicates that cell B has
poorer signal quality than cell A and therefore is not
qualified as the target cell for the handover.
arameter : decrease CIO for both cells

Page 116
Thank you
www.huawei.com
Copyright2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved.
The information in this document may contain predictive statements including, without limitation, statements
regarding the future financial and operating results, future product portfolio, new technology, etc. There are a number
of factors that could cause actual results and developments to differ materially from those expressed or implied in the
predictive statements. Therefore, such information is provided for reference purpose only and constitutes neither an
offer nor an acceptance. Huawei may change the information at any time without notice.

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LTE Radio Interface Procedures

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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Frame Structure (FDD)

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Huawei proprietary. No spread without permission.

ximum throughput = Number of RB 12 (Number of Sub-carrier with

DD LTE system 10M, 2 * 2 MIMO, 64QAM, the Coding rate is 1.

m throughput = Number of RB 12 (Number of Sub-carrier with one RB)

D LTE system 10M, None MIMO, 16QAM, the Coding rate is 1.

Huawei proprietary. No spread without permission.

r Frequency EARFCN Calculation(3GPP : 36.104)

The channel raster is 100 kHz for all bands, which

Carrier frequency and EARFCN

FDL = FDL_low + 0.1(NDL NOffs-DL)

FUL = FUL_low + 0.1(NUL NOffs-UL)

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Table 5.7.3-1 E-UTRA channel numbers

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Say FDL (center Freq) = 1815

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RS Mapping on different AxA MIMO

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Huawei proprietary. No spread without permission.

f Scheduled User in 1 TTI

mber of RE for PDCCH=100(RB for 100Mhz)*12(SC)*3

bits required by each user for scheduling= 17

IDLE Mode Behavior

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Idle Mode Overview

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Huawei proprietary. No spread without permission.

A PLMN identity consists of a Mobile Country Code

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Huawei proprietary. No spread without permission.

Cell Selection & Reselection

Cell search is a procedure in which a UE achieves time and

Cell Selection Criteria

The formula for cell selection decision is as follows:

where Srxlev = Qrxlevmeas - (Qrxlevmin + Qrxlevminoffset) - Pcompensation

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Cell reselection process:

Measurement Start criteria

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Intra frequency Measurement

If the intra frequency measurement triggering threshold is not configured, the

If the intra frequency measurement triggering threshold is configured:

Srxlev > SintraSearch,

the UE does not perform intra frequency measurement.

Srxlev <= SintraSearch,

the UE perform intra frequency measurement.

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Inter Frequency // RAT Measurement

For the neighbor with higher priority

The UE always perform inter frequency / RAT measurement

mber of RE for PDCCH=100(RB for 100Mhz)12(SC)3