Kingdom Animalia

WHAT IS THE ANIMALS?

1. Multicellular eukaryotic organisms
2. Do not have cell walls and chlorophyll
3. Obtain food from other organisms
(heterotrophic)
4. Can generally move to survive and find
food

SYMMETRI

1. Asymmetric
2. Radial
3. Bilateral

Struktur Tubuh

Invertebr
ata

Animali
a

Parazoa

Tidak memiliki
jaringan

Eumetazo
a

Sudah memiliki
jaringan

Diploblastik

Triploblastik

Ektoderm

Ektoderm

Endoderm

Mesoderm
Endoderm

Vertebrat
a

Skeleton
Exoskeleton
outer skeleton(Arthropods, turtles,
etc.)
Endoskeleton
internal skeleton (All Vertebrates)

8 Filum Invertebrata
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

P orifera
C oelenterata
P latyhelminthes
N emathelminthes
A nnelida
ollusca
M rthropoda
6. A chinodermata
7. E

Vermes

Porifera

CHARACTERISTICS OF
PORIFERA
Porifera (Latin: porous = pore, fer =
carry) or sponges are the simplest
multicellular animals.
The Characteristics of Morphologic
include:
- porous body (ostium)
- porifera body asymmetry (irregularly),
- shaped like a tube, vase, bowl, or plant

Characteristic Anatomic of Porifera

protector by Pinakosit (flatshaped cells and thick-walled )
Skeleton : spicules and spongin
Transportation Food and O2 by
amoeboid cells (amoebosit)
Digestion Intracellular using
koanosit

 Characteristic Anatomic of Porifera

- Has three types of water channels,
namely askonoid, sikonoid, and
leukonoid

Macam-Macam Spikula

Reproduction
Sponge reproduce asexually and
sexually.
1. Asexually by forming buds and
gemmule.
Gemmule also called internal buds.
2. Sexual , the formation of
gametes

Klasifikasi Porifera
1. Calcarea
(kapur)
Spicules
composed of
calcium carbonate
(CaCO3), live in
shallow water and
large coanosit.
Example: Sycon
and Clathrina

Clathrina coriacea

Klasifikasi Porifera
2. Hexactinellida
Spicules of
substance grit
(silica), live in
the deep ocean.
Example:
Pheronema,
Euplectella

Euplectella aspergillum
(Venus' Flower Basket)

Klasifikasi Porifera
3. Demospongia
(spons tebal)
Dont have
spiculles, has a
complex drainage
such as sponge
Contoh:
Spongilla,
Euspongia
molisima,
Hypospongia

The Function of Porifera

Spongia and Hypospongia can
be used as a bath sponge.
The release of chemicals that
have the potential as a
medicine for cancer and other
diseases.

Coelenterata

COELENTERATA

terumbu karang
hydroids
ubur-ubur

anemone laut
19

COELENTERATA
Body shape or biradial radial symmetry
oral

aboral
20

TYPE OF BODY
Polyp; cylindrical with
parts of the mouth (oral) and the tip
Other (aboral).

Medusa; shaped like a bell

or umbrella

21

 Tentacles to
catch prey
function and put
it into the mouth.
The tentacles
have Knidosit /
knidoblas
Each knidosit
have nematokis

 Movement:
Polyp; limited,
Medusa; moving freely.
Food and How to Eat:
Coelenterata are carnivores.
The food into the mouth with
help tentacles, and the process of
digestion
assisted by gastrovasculer
Respiration and Excretion
Gas exchange and spending the rest of
the
metabolism through a process of
23

Reproduction:
Coelenterata breed Asexual and Sexual.
Asexual polyp stage occurs through
budding.
Sexual occurs in stages Medusa.

24

Reproduksi : Aseksual dan Seksual

Aseksual pada Polyp dan Seksual pada
Medusa

Daur Hidup Obelia, kelas Hydrozoa

Daur Hidup Obelia, kelas Hydrozoa (Buchsbaum,

1948)
26

Klasifikasi Coelenterata
A.Hydrozoa
- body shape is always a polyp
- Example : Hydra (living in
freshwater, hermaphroditic,
nervous system neuronal cell
diffusion)

Klasifikasi Coelenterata
B. Scyphozoa
body shape always
medusa
gametes
separately.
Example: Aurelia
(jellyfish)

Aurelia aurita

Cyanea capillata

Klasifikasi Coelenterata
C.Anthozoa
shaped
polyps,
includes sea
anemones and
corals
Anthopleura xanthogrammica

Peranan Coelenterata
Animal jellyfish made of flour which
is processed into an ingredient in
cosmetics / beauty.
In Japan, a jellyfish used as a food
ingredient.
Coral atolls, coral beaches, and
barrier reef protects the beach from
sea water aberration.
Coral is the hiding place and
breeding ground for fish.

Platyhelminthes

The Characteristic of
Platyhelminthes
1. The body is flat, bilaterally symmetrical,
and soft,
2. Do not have a circulatory system and
hermaphrodites.
3. The digestive systems incompletely,
with one hole, the mouth.
4. The excretion use the flame cells
5. Triploblastik

Classification of
Platyhelminthes
1.Tubellaria (Cacing Bulu
Getar)
2.Trematoda (Cacing Hisap)
3.Cestoda (Cacing Pita)

Tubellaria (Cacing Bulu

Getar)

ExamplesarePlanaria,
Charcteristic:
160cm,livesinfreshwater,whichhavepharynxhaveto
catchfood.
Nervoussystem:ganglionsystem
Excretorysystem:cellflame(flamecells)
Reproductivesystem:
asexuallybyfragmentation.
sexual,thefertilization.
Movement:thecilia,ormusclebelowtheepidermis.

The Structure of Planaria

Reproduction of Planaria

A = Terpotong alami
B = Terbelah menjadi 2
C = Terbelah menjadi 3

Trematoda (Cacing Hisap)

Is a parasite.
Having a vacuum (sucker).
Examples :
in the blood: Schistostoma japonicum,
Schistostoma mansoni,
Hearts: Fasciola hepatica (liver goat),
Clonorchis sinensis (fish)
in the colon: Fasciola buski
in the lung: Paragonimus westermani

Daur Hidup Fasciola hepatica

Cestoda (Cacing Pita)

As the parasites in vertebrates.
Characteristics:
- Segmented body (proglotid).
- Head (skoleks) has a suction bulb.
- Does not have a mouth and
digestive
systems.
- Absorption of food by the body
surface.

Daur Hidup Taenia saginata

The benefits of
Platyhelminthes

Commonly Plathyhelminthes is
parasite, except Planaria as the
feed of fish.
How to the avoid the parasite
worms:
cut their life cycle,
avoid infection of the worm
larvae,
not carelessly throw feces
do not eat the fresh meat (cook

Nemathelminthes

Characteristic of Nemathelminthes

The shape of body is elliptic

parasitic
Bilaterally symmetrical, not
segmented,.
Having the mouth, anus, no legs
and silium.
Cosmopolitan or life on the sea,
fresh water, land, and tropical.
Not having the heart and blood

Examples
Ascaris lumbricroides, cacing perut
pada manusia
Ancylostoma duodenale , cacing
tambang
Necator americanus , cacing
tambang di Amerika tropis
Oxyuris/Enterobius vermicularis ,
cacing kremi
Trichinella spirallis, cacing otot pada
manusia
Wuchereria/Filaria bancrofti ,

Daur Hidup Ascaris

lumbricoides

Daur Hidup Cacing Tambang

(Ancylostoma duodenale & Necator
americanus)

Annelida

Characteristic of Annelida

Having segmented body

Triploblastik selomata
Bilateral symmetry
Have a complete digestive system
Hermaphrodite

Classification of Annelida
1.Polichaeta (Cacing berambut
banyak)
Cacing palolo (Eunice sp) dan
cacing wawo (Lysidice oele)

Klasifikasi Annelida
2. Oligochaeta (Cacing berambut
sedikit)
Cacing tanah (Lumbriscus
terestris)

Klasifikasi Annelida
3. Hirudinea (Cacing tidak
berambut)
Lintah (Hirudo medicinalis)

Mollusca

Ciri-ciri Mollusca
Molluscs (in Latin, molluscus =
soft) is a soft-bodied animals.
Soft body protected by a shell,
although there are also who do
not have shells.
These animals belong
triploblastik selomata
Molluscs are cosmopolitan (found
everywhere). .

Classification of Molusca
Molluscs are divided according to the
type of foot, leg position, and type of
shell,
a. Gastropoda,
b. Cephalopoda and
c. Pelecypoda

Gastropoda
Using the stomach as the legs, and has a shell.
Hemafrodit
Breathing: gills (larvae), lung (adults who live
on land), gill (adults that live in the water)
Blood circulation is an open circulatory
Shell is composed of: periostrakum, prismatic,
nakreas
Digestion: the esophagus, crop, stomach,
intestine, anus (located on the mouth)
Example: Vivipara javanica (kreco), Limnaea
trunchatula (siput), Achatina fulica (bekicot)

Chepalopoda
Legs are the head, does not have a shell
(except nautilus)
Moving slowly with tentacles, fins, and
quickly by spraying water
Color of skin changes according to the
environment
Separate genitals
Example: Loligo indica (cumi-cumi), Octopus
vulgaris (gurita), sepia (ikan sotong), Nautilus

Loligo indica (cumi), Sepia (sotong), nautilus

Pelecypoda

Gill has a multi-layered

(Lamellibranchiata) and has a pair of
shells (bivalves)
Digestion: esophagus, stomach,
intestines, and digestive glands
Blood circulation is an open circulatory
Shell consists of: periostrakum (outer),
prismatic (middle), nakreas (inner)
The nervous system consists of 3
ganglion: cerebral / anterior, pedal,
posterior

Peranan Mollusca
Menguntungkan : dapat dimakan
sebagian dan untuk hiasan (mutiara,
tiram)
Merugikan :
- Tredo navalis (pengebor kayu di air
asin)
- Limnaea trunchatula (penyebab
penyakit fasciolosis pada ternak)
- Helix aspera (perusak tanaman budi
daya)

ARTHROPODA

Ciri-Ciri

ARTHROPODA

Jointed body: the head (head), thorac

(chest), abdomen (stomach).
Complete organ systems: circulatory,
digestive, nervous, respiratory, excretion,
reproduction
Circulatory open, with a heart and Blood
does not contain hemoglobin
Breathing =tracheal and
nervous system = ganglion system
Sex separately and development of his life
metamorphosed
Generally have an antenna as a tentacle,

Classification of Arthropoda
Crustacea (golongan udang dan kepiting)
Arachnida (golongan laba-laba)
Myriapoda (golongan lipan)
Insecta (serangga)

Crustacea
Ciri-Ciri

Example:
Umumnya hidup di air, bernafas
udang
dengan insang (atau
difusi(Paratelphusa convexa),
melalui seluruh prmukaan
kepiting
tubuh), dan termasuk
omnivora (Astracus cancer),
(pemakan segala).
lobster (Honarus americanus)
Kulit merupakan rangka luar
(eksokeleton).

Kepala: sepasang mata faset

bertangkai, 2 pasang antena, 3
pasang rahang
Dada: sepasang kaki pertama
besar seperti catut, 4 pasang
kaki untuk berjalan.
Perut: beberapa pasang kaki
untuk berenang, pada ekor
terdapat uropod atau telsom
untuk alat kemudi saat
berenang.

ARACHNIDA
Classification

Scorpionida (golongan kala)

Arachnoida (golongan laba-laba)

Acarina (golongan caplak)

SCORPIONIDA

ACARINA

ARACHNOIDA

Peranan
Arachnida bermanfaat untuk
pengendalian populasi serangga
terutama serangga hama.
misalnya:
a. Caplak menyebabkan gatal atau
kudis pada manusia
b. Ododectes cynotis (tungau kudis
telinga) menyerang anjing dan kucing.

MYRIAPODA
Ordo

Ordo Chilopoda =
Sentipede

contohnya lipan

Ordo Diplopoda

contohnya keluwing

INSEKTA
Ciri-Ciri

Abdomen, terdiri dari 10, atau 11 segmen

Reproduksi: berkelamin terpisah, pembuahan terjadi di dalam tubuh induk

betina. Serangga umumnya bersifat ovipar, atau bertelur.

Respirasi: berupa trakea atau saluran udara yang bercabang ke seluruh

jari-jari.

Sistem saraf: sistem saraf tangga tali.

Sistem peredaran darah: peredaran darah terbuka dan darahnya tidak

mengandung haemoglobin.

Sistem pencernaan: bervariasi tergantung jenis serangganya. Umumnya

terdiri dari: mulut-kerongkongan-tembolok-perut otot-perut kelenjar-usus
bagian akhir-anus.

Alat ekskresi: saluran Malphigi

Ordo Isoptera (Serangga bersayap hampir sama

bentuknya)
contoh: Laron

echinodermata

UKURAN DAN
BENTUK

CARA HIDUP

Terdiri dari bagian ORAL

(yang memiliki mulut)
Makannya bergantung pada
dan ABORAL (tidak
jenisnya. Makanannya misalnya
memiliki mulut)

HABITAT

kerang, plankton, dan organisme

yang mati atau membusuk.

Bebas di dasar
laut, dari daerah
pantai sampai laut
dalam

Ophiuroidea berbentuk
bintang seperti Asteroidea,
namun lengannya lebih
langsung dan fleksibel

KLASIFIKASI

Lengan-lengannya panjang dan

langsing, berfungsi untuk
pergerakan.

Echinoidea berbentuk bola atau pipih, tanpa

lengan. Permukaan tubuhnya berduri panjang.
Pergerakkan oleh duri dan kaki ambulakralnya.
Alat pencernaannya tembolok kompleks yang
disebut LENTERA ARISTOTELES, berfungsi
menggiling makanannya yang berupa
ganggang..

Holothuroidea (timun laut atau

tripang) tidak berlengan. Tubuhnya
memanjang dan tidak berduri. Mulut
dan anus terdapat pada kutub yang
berlawanan dari tubuhnya. Sistem
respirasinya disebut pohon
respirasi.

Crinoidea terdiri dari kelompok yang

tubuhnya bertangkai ( lili laut) dan tidak
bertangkai (laut berbulu). Tubuhnya tidak
memiliki duri.
Hidup menetap pada kedalaman 100 m
atau lebih.

Timun Laut

Asteroidea

BINTANG LAUT
Rata-rata mempunyai 5 kaki.
Bintang
Laut
Merupakan hewan karnivora >> daging Moluska.
Mulutnya berada di bawah, sedangkan duburnya di atas.

CROWN OF THORNS
starfish. (Salah satu
contoh
Echinodermata)

Bintang Duri

Kadang-kadang
menimbulkan
kerusakan pada
batu karang.

Gambar Echinodermata

the sea stars (top, left), sea cucumbers (bottom, left), brittle or
serpent stars (top, center), sand dollars (bottom, center), sea lilies
(right)