Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PREVENTION OF
GEETHA.T.S
CRACKS IN BUILDING
WHAT IS A CRACK?
A CRACK IS A COMPLETE OR
INCOMPLETE SEPERATION OF CONCRETE
INTO TWO OR MORE PARTS,PRODUCED BY
BREAKING OR FRACTURING.
CLASSIFICATION OF CRACKS
1. STRUCTURAL CRACK
2.
MAXIMUM
ALLOWABLE
CRACK WIDTH IN
MM
DRY AIR,
PROTECTIVE
MEMBRANE
0.41
HUMIDITY,MOIST
AIR
0.30
0.15
WATER RETAINING
STRUCTURE
0.10
3 SETTLEMENT OF GROUND
OVERLOADING OF MEMBER
DIRECTION OF CONCRETING
PREVENTIVE MEASURES
SPECIAL CARE NEED TO BE TAKEN WHILE
DESIGN AND DETAILING
REQUIRES CONTINUOUS INVESTIGATION
DAMAGES FROM UNINTENTIONAL
CONSTRUCTION OVERLOADS CAN BE
PREVENTED ONLY IF DESIGNER PROVIDE
INFORMATION ON LOAD LIMITATIONS AND THE
CONSTRUCTION PERSONNEL HEED TO THESE
LIMITATIONS
FOLLOW PROPER DESIGN SPECIFICATION
THE CONCRETE
HIGHER WATER CONTENT RESULTS IN
GREATER SHRINKAGE
ON EXPOSURE,CONCRETE LOSES
SOME OF ITS ORIGINAL WATER AND
SHRINK
PREVENTIVE MEASURES
MINIMISE THE USE OF RICH
CONCRETE MIX
USE LEAN CEMENT MORTAR IN
MASONRY WORKS
ALLOW ADEQUATE TIME FOR CURING
TEMPERATURE EFFECT
VOLUME CHANGES
VOLUME RELATION TO TEMPERATURE
IS EXPRESSED BY COEFFICIENT OF
THERMAL EXPANSION/CONTRACTION
VOLUME CHANGE INDUCES STRESS
PREVENTIVE MEASURE
ADEQUATE INSULATING OR TERRACING
TREATMEMT
PAINTING TOP ROOF WITH REFLECTIVE
FINISH SUCH AS WHITE WASH
INTRODUCING OF EXPANSION AND
CONTRACTION JOINT AT APPROPRIATE
LOCATIONS
PREVENTIVE MEASURES
UNDER REAMED PILE FOUNDATION
FOUNDATION DESIGN FOR UNIFORM
DISTRIBUTION OF PRESSURE
SBC IS NOT EXCEEDED
SOIL SHOULD BE WELL COMPACTED
PREVENTIVE MEASURE
WATER CEMENT RATIO
PROPER CURING
SUPPORT FOR FORMS
DESIGN RECOMENDATIONS
MEASURING MAGNIFIER
CRACKSCOPE
LOMARO MICROSCOPE
SOIL
PROPERTIES
SAMPLE1 SAMPLE2
FIELD
DENSITY(gm/
cc)
1.39
1.54
FIELD WATER
CONTENT
VOIDS RATIO
24.5
18.0
0.76
0.59
94.3
0
90
0
PARTICLE
SIZE
DISTRIBUTIO
N
SILT AND
GRAVEL
CLAY
LIQUID LIMIT
WATER
CONTENT(%)
65.0
65.0
PLASTIC LIMIT
WATER(%)
28.0
28.0
FREE SWELL(%)
120
0.5
100
0.5
3.76
0.49
6
9.04
0.53
6
SWELLING
PRESSURE
U C C STRENGTH
COHESION
ANGLE OF
SHEARING
RESISTANCE
REMEDIAL MEASURES
REMOVE AND FILL WITH FIRM
GOOD SOIL
UNDER REAMED PILE FOUNDATION
APPLY HEAVY SUPER IMPOSED
LOAD
AVOID GROWTH OF TREES IN THE
VICINITY
CONCLUSION
THE INDIVIDUAL CRACKS IN MEMBERS ARE UNIQUE
BY THEMSELVES
THEY ARE VERSATILE DIAGNOSTIC DEVICES, CLEARLY
INDICATING THE SPECIFIC PROBLEM IN CONCERNED
MEMBERS. IN ADDITION THEY ALSO INDICATE THE
DEGREE OF SERIOUSNESS OF THE PROBLEM.
THE CRACK THROW LIGHT ON THE DISCIPLINE IN THE
ASSOCIATED STRUCTURAL DESIGNS AND QUALITY
THE CORRECTIVE MEASURES TO BE IMPLEMENTED
ARE CLEARLY INDICATED BY THESE CRACKS.
REFERENCES
PETER H EMMONS- CONCRETE REPAIR AND
MAINTAINENCE
`
P.C VARGHESE- LIMIT STATE DESIGN OF
REINFORCED CONCRETE
H.P ROSSMANITH- FRACTURE AND DAMAGE OF
CONCRETE
M.S.SHETTY- CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY