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BASIC NEEDS

BASIC HUMAN NEEDS


Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a theory in
psychology proposed by Abraham Maslow
in 1943
Maslow's hierarchy of needs is often
portrayed in the shape of a pyramid with
the largest, most fundamental levels of
needs at the bottom and the need for selfactualization at the top

Importance of rest and sleep

Sleep keeps heart healthy.


Sleep reduces stress.
Sleep makes more alert
Sleep improves memory.
Sleep may help to lose weight
Sleep helps the body repair itself.

Exercise increases energy levels


Exercise improves muscle strength
Exercise can help to maintain a
healthy weight
Exercise improves brain function
Exercise is good for heart
Regular exercise lowers your risk of
developing diabetes
Exercise enhances your immune
system

Importance
The reason for using proper body
mechanics is mainly to avoid:
Musculoskeletal strain
Injuries to members of the staff
Injury to the client
Fatigue

Techniques
1.Stable Center of Gravity
Maintain a stable center of gravity to
evenly distribute your body weight
Keep your center of gravity low.
Greater balance is met with a low center
of gravity.
Flex your knees and keep your body
straight rather than bending.

2. Wide

Base of Support

Maintain a wide base of support


Having a wide base of support gives your
body more stability.
Spread your feet apart to a reasonable
distance.
Flex your knees to move the center of
gravity closer to the base of support.

3.Proper Body Alignment


Maintain Proper body alignment
Body alignment refers to the way the joints, tendons,
ligaments and muscles are arranged when initiating a
position.
A line of gravity passing through your base of support
maintains your balance.
Equal activity balance in upper and lower parts of the
body would reduce your risks of having back injury.
When stronger muscle group are involved, greater
amount of work can be safely done.
Keep the back upright when performing interventions.

Basic Principles of Body Mechanics


1. It is easier to pull, push, or roll an object than it is to lift it. The
movement should be smooth and continuous, rather than jerky.
2. Often less energy or force is required to keep an object
moving than it is to start and stop it.
3. It takes less effort to lift an object if the nurse works as close
to it as possible. Use the strong leg and arm muscles as much as
possible. Use back muscles, which are not as strong, as little as
possible. Avoid reaching.
4. The nurse rocks backward or forward on the feet and with his
or her body as a force for pulling or pushing.

Moving Clients

PUSHING
Stay close to the subject being pushed.
Place one foot in front of the other
Place the hands on the subject, flex your elbows
and lean to the subject.
Place the weight from your flexor to the extensor
portions of your leg.
Apply pressure with the use of your leg muscles.
To prevent fatigue, provide alternate rest periods.

PULLING
Stay close to the subject being pulled.
Place one foot in front of the other
Hold the subject, flex your elbows and
lean your body away from the subject.
Shift your weight away from the subject.
Avoid any unnecessary movements.
To prevent fatigue, provide alternate rest
periods

LIFTING AND CARRYING


Be on a squat position facing the subject.
Hold the subject and tighten your center of
gravity.
Use your dominant leg muscles when
lifting.
Hold the subject at waist height and close
to the center of gravity.
Keep your back erect.

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