Gas

Sweetening
&
Dehydration
Process
Presented by: Aniruddh Singh Shekhawat

Presentation content
Introduction
H2S & its need of processing
Gas Sweetening Process
Gas dehydration Process
Recap

Introduction
Natural Gas
Non-Hydrocarbon
(Acid Gas)

Hydrocarbon

What is Sour Gas?

Sour Gas is a Natural Hydrocarbon gas with acid
gases; most commonly Carbon dioxide, hydrogen
sulphide & to some extent mercaptans.

Sour Gas Effects

Effects of Sour Gas

Industrial
effects

Environmental
effects

Corrosion

Acid rain,
Poisoning

Plant Overview
ACID GAS

SOUR GAS

Gas Terminal

GSU

Sulfur

SRU
GDU

DPDU

Sweet gas
to Local
consumers

LPGU
SOUR
COND

CFU

CWU
KRU

36
42
From Offshore

Sweet
gas to
HBJ PL

LPG
SKO
HC
HSD
ATF
ARN

Hydrogen Sulphide
H2S is a highly toxic & Colourless
flammable gas
Corrosive to all metals (less corrosive
to SS)
Can cause catalyst poisoning in
refinery processes
On combustion forms toxic gas SO2.
4.3% LEL and 45% HEL by volume
with an auto- ignition temperature
of 500oF (292oC)
Heavier than air (1.18 times heavier)
It may accumulate in dangerous

CO2

Has no heating value.

Yet constitutes a volumefiller

Corrosive in presence of
water.
Promotes hydrate
formation.

ural Gas Composition at Hazira

Components

Mole Fraction
at I/L

Mole Fraction at
O/L

Hydrogen Sulphide
0.013%
0.0004%
Methane
81.7%
82.8%
Ethane
6.34%
6.39%
Propane
3.72%
3.77%
Isobutane
0.70 %
0.74%
nbutane
0.86%
0.84%
IsoPentane
0.15%
0.16%
nPentane
0.13%
0.15%
Note: The composition of components0.05%
is from ADMA Company
Hexane
0.07%
Carbon Dioxide
6.30%
4.9%

Criteria of Process selection

Significant factors are;

1. Type & conc. of impurities.
2. Degree of removal of impurities or
selectivity of acid component removal.
3. Volume of the Gas stream.
4. Temp. & Pr. Conditions
5. HC Composition.
6. Economics

Processes

1. Non-regenerative
2. Regenerative process
Physical absorption-water wash,
selexol, fluor solvent etc.
Chemical absorption- The alkonolamine processes
3. Regenerative process with elemental
sulphur recovery

Gas Sweetening Unit

Processing Capacity
TRAIN #

CAPACITY

PHASE I

31
32
33

5.6 MMSCMD each

PHASE II

34
35

5.6 MMSCMD each

PHASE III

36

5.6 MMSCMD each

PHASE III A

37
38

6.3 MMSCMD each

Absorption Process by
Amine Solution

Types of Amines
Amine type

Chemical
formula

MEA (Mono ethanol

amine)

HO C2H4NH2

DEA (Diethanol amine)

Mol. Wt.

Vapour
pressure at
370C

Removal
capacity
%

61.08

1.05

100

(HOC2H4)2NH

105.14

0.058

58

TEA (Triethanol amine)

(HOC2H4)3N

148.19

0.0063

41

DGA (Di glycolamine)

H(OC2H4)2NH2

105.14

0.160

58

DIPA (Di-isopropanol
amine)

(HOC3H6)2NH

133.19

0.010

46

MDEA (Methyl diethanol

amine)

(HOC2H4)2NH3

119.17

0.0061

51

H2S Absorption
SWEET GAS OUT
SOUR GAS FROM SLUG CATCHER
E305 PREHEATER

Vs
RO

PV & FV101

V301
INLET
KOD

E306
COOLER

TRAY 1

SWEET GAS TO
GDU

TRAY 3
TRAY 5
TRAY 7

V302
OUTLET
KOD

TRAY 9
SDV104

MDEA TANK
T301

SOUR GAS IN

P301A/B, MULTISTAGE CENTRIFUGAL

PUMP

ABSORBER
COLUMN
C301

LV112

RICH MDEA TO V303

MP FLASH DRUM

Valve type tray

Sweetening Principle
High Press.
Low Temp

Absorption :

MDEA

H2S

Methyl Di Ethanol Amine

Regeneration :
+
MDEA-H, HS

+
MDEA-H, HS
Amino Hydro Sulphide

Low Press.
High Temp

MDEA

Methyl Di Ethanol Amine

H2S

Process Chemistry
MDEA reacts instantaneously with H2S
H2S reacts to yield Hydro sulphide by proton transfer.
H2S + Amine(R2NH2) HS- + (Amine) H+
CO2 can only react if it dissolves in water to form
bicarbonate ion.
Then this ion undergoes acid-base reaction with the
amine to yield
H2O + CO2 H2CO3 & CO2 + HO- HCO3 These acids then react with amine to form amine
bicarbonate (HCO3-, RNH2+) and amine carbonate.
CO2 + H2O + R2NCH3 R2NCH4+ + HCO3(Slow reaction)

Process Chemistry
H2S reacts to give amine hydrosulfide:
1. H2S + R2NH HS - , R2NH2+
CO2 can react directly with amine to form
an amine carbonate:
2. CO2 + 2R2NH R2NCOO-, R2NH2+
3. CO2 + H2O H2CO3
4. CO2 + HO- HCO35. These acids then react with the amine
to form amine bicarbonate (HCO3,RNH2+) and amine carbonate (CO2,
(R2NH2+)2).

ocess Chemistry (Cont..)

The overall reaction depends upon contact

time.Contact time depends on
The gas flow rate
The liquid height above plate area (Weir
height)
Number of active trays
Only parameter that can be varied is the
number of active trays.

M. P. Absorption

TO FLARE

PV218
PV216

TO FUEL GAS
HEADER

LEAN AMINE
FV205

C303
COL.

RICH MDEA TO V303

MP FLASH DRUM

MP FLASH DRUM
V303

E301A/B PHE

TO C302
LV215

TC558
TO TANK 301
E302 A/B
COOLER

REGENERATED AMINE
FROM C302

PLATE HEAT EXCHANGERS

Amine Regeneration
ACID GAS OUT

TO FLARE

E303
COOLER

RICH MDEA FROM V303 THRU E301

PV326
PV327
TO SRU
V304
REFLUX
KOD

REGENERATOR
COLUMN
C302

LV330

SDV309
SOUR GAS IN

E304
REBOILER

P304A/B
LV327

REGENERATED AMINE TO TANK

REBOILERS

Kettle-type Reboiler Heat Exchanger Model

Typical Acid Gas Composition at Hazira

H2S

C1

6800 1.48
to
6900

C2

C3

iC4

nC4

iC5 CO2

0.2

.02

.02

.03

.16 98.25

Filteration System of MDEA in GSU

PSV1525

MDEA TANK
T301

P303A/B
PSV1523
FV221

DM
WATER
SUPPLY

PSV1524

STIRRER
M

X301
PRECOAT

FV522

T303

CATRIDGE
Charcoal BedV311
P307

X302

Filteration of MDEA

Precoat filter is designed to filter solids such as

iron sulphides & iron carbonates
V311 holds a bed of charcoal as part of filtration
package
Then the stream (20% of the total MDEA flow in
the system) passes thru activated charcoal filter
removing
odour,
impurities,
colour
&
hydrocarbon.
X 301 & X302 are precoat & cartridge type filters
Then the cartridge takes any entrained micro
solids

Common Utilities at GSU

ANTIFOAM TANK
V361
LL103 (Dimethylpolysiloxanic oil)

TO FLARE

FLARE GAS

ANTIFOAM RETURN

LH302
LL301

FLARE GAS
KOD
V362
TO
SLOP
TANK

FUEL GAS
FUEL GAS
FROM C303

P361A/B FUEL GAS BLANKET

FUEL
GAS
KOD
V363

P362A/B

LH602 METHANOL
TANK
PV601
LV403

LL602

P363A/B

Alarm System Logic In GSU

LHH224
MP FL DRM V303

LLL109
C301 ABSORBER

PB101
SOV1104
C301 BTM SDV104

LL111
LLL109

PB101
SOV1101
I/L SDV

LL111
SOV1102

PB101
SOV1318
(PV327)
SOV1216
(PV216)

SOV1317
(FV309)

P303A/B ST

Alarm System Logic In GSU (Cont...)

LL334
P304A/B ST

V304 REF DRM

LL335

PB121

V305 SUMP

(PANEL PUSH BUTTON)

LLL109

PB101

LL111

FL104

P305 ST

PL561
SOV1205

AB-BYPASS SWITCH
SOV1206

LL549

LH110

SOV1205T301 TANK ABSORBER

LH219

PB111
P301A

O/L KOD
V302

PB112

C302 REG CLMN

LL329

(UNLATCHING SWITCH)

PB118

P301B

SOV1309
(FV309)

Equipment Details (GSU)

EQUIP
DETAIL

SOUR
GAS
HEATER
E305

SOUR
GAS KOD
V301

ABSORBE
R COLMN
C301

FUEL GAS
STRIPPER
C303

RICH
AMINE
FLASH
DRUM
V303

SWEET
GAS
COOLER
E306

FLARE
GAS
HEATER
E307

LEAN
AMINE
STORAGE
TANK
T301

DUTY

4.655 X
1.1 MM
KCAL/H

NA

NA

NA

NA

0.778 X
1.1 MM
KCAL/H

0.905 X
1.1 MM
KCAL/H

NA

DIMENSIO
N (MM)

NA

3300 DIA X
4850TL

31OO OD
X 11850 H

510 DIA X
4000 H

2200 DIA X
6000TL

NA

NA

6000 DIA X
9000 H

DESIGN
PRESSUR
EKG/CM2

NA

83

83

10

10

NA

NA

ATM

DESIGN
TEMP
DEGREE
CELSIUS

NA

49

75

75

75

NA

NA

60

Equipment Details (Cont.)

EQUIP
DETAIL

TREATED
GAS KOD
V302

KETTLE
TYPE
REBOILER
E304

REGEN.
COL. C302

FUEL GAS
STRIPPER
C303

PLATE TYP
AMINEAMINE EX.
E301A/B

OVERHEAD
CONDSR
E303

REFLUX
DRUM
V304

LEAN
AMINE
COOLER
E302A/B

DUTY

NA

13.77 X
1.2MM
KCAL/H

NA

NA

7.96X 1.1
MMCAL/H

6.91
MMCAL/H

NA

5.14 X 1.1
MM
KCAL/HR

DIMENSION
(MM)

3300 DIA
X 4200H

NA

2900 OD X
19150 H

510 DIA X
4000 H

NA

NA

1400X
3000H

NA

DESIGN
PRESSURE
KG/CM2

82.05

(S/T):
6.5XFV/9X
FV
KG/CM2G

6.5 &
VACUUM

10

NA

(S/T): 6.5
FV/7.5

6.5 & FV

(S/T):
6.5/7.5

DESIGN
TEMP
DEGREE
CELSIUS

53

(S/T):
144/200

195

75

NA

(S/T): 127/58

95

(S/T): 88/58

Gas Dehydration Process

Adsorption process
Adsorption is the process of removing impurities from a gas
stream by means of a solid material called adsorbent that has
special attraction for the impurities.

Dehydration Chemistry

Chemical Formula: HO(C2H4O)3H

Adsorbs water from the Gas until the
equilibrium partial pressure of TEG & water
in the gas is reached.
Bonding with water forms H-OH
HO-CH2-CH2-O-CH2-CH2-OCH2-CH2-OH
Results achieved-1 to 2% of moisture by wt
in the outlet

Dehydration Principle

H2O

Adsorption
at
High Press
Low Temp

HO ( C2 H4 O )3 H
Triethylene
Glycol (TEG)

H2O

Regeneration
at
Low Press
High Temp

RICH TEG

Processing Capacity

PHASE I

TRAIN #
41
42

CAPACITY
5.7 MMSCMD each

PHASE II

43
44

5.7 MMSCMD each

PHASE III

45
46

5.7 MMSCMD each

PHASE III A

47

6.3 MMSCMD each

Dehydration Process by adsorption

GAS OUT

SWEET GAS FROM GSU

PV & FV101

TEG

V404
INLET
KOD

SWEET GAS TO
DPD
TRAY 1 TO 9

V401
OUTLET
KOD

REGENERATED TEG FROM E401

SDV104

SURGE DRUM
V403

LV106

E403
COOLER
ABSORBER
COLUMN
C401
P401A/B, DOUBLE ACTING
RECIPROCATING PUMP

RICH TEG

Bubble-Cap Tray

TEG Regeneration
VAPOUR VENT

FUEL GAS

DEGASSER DRUM
V402

C402
REGEN
HP STEAM

C403

E402
REBOILER

CHARCAOL BED

RICH TEG FROM C401

TV215

LV116
TO SURGE DRUM
V403

CATRIDGE FILTER

E401 PHE

FUEL GAS FOR STRIPPING

(FT202)

TEG Regeneration Process

The relatively cool TEG from C401 bottom does two things;
One, it brings down the temperature of the vapour leaving the
C402 top thru three way valve
Two, the other stream goes into the plate heat exchanger E401
to cool the regenerated glycol before going into V303 and in
turn getting itself heated upto 145 deg before entering C402
having 4 bubble cap trays.
TV 212 controls the temp of reboiler where the TEG at 185 deg
overflows into the attached C403 end mounted on the side of
the reboiler. C403 is a packed column where the hot fuel gas
from V401/402 preheated inside a 2nd coil in E402, strips the
glycol of remaining moisture to achieve 99.7% purity.
This stripped glycol comes in contact at E401 with the cooler
rich TEG from C401 & reaches 80-deg.
Stripper gas is piped into E402 & V403 to maintain +ve
pressure.
The reciprocating TEG pumps attached to V403 completes the
cycle of pumping TEG into the column C401.

Alarm system logic of GDU

LLL105

FL106

PB101

C401 ABSORBER TEG FLOWLOW SWITCH

LLL105

FL106

SOV1101
I/L SDV

PB101
SOV1103
O/L SDV

LLL105

FL106

PB101
P401A/B STOP

LLL105

PB101

LLL132

PB101
SOV1104

V404 I/L KOD

LLL133

PB101

V401 DRYGAS SCRUBBER

THH210

SUMP V405

SOV1105

PB101

E402 REBOILER TEMP

LL218

C401 BOTTOM
SOV1102

SOV1212
(TV212)

PB106
P403 ST

Equpment details of GDU

EQUIP

FEED GAS
KOD V404

GLYCOL
ABSORBER
COLUMN C401

DRIED GAS
SCRUBBER
V401

RICH GLY
DEGASSIN
G DRUM
V402

LEAN GLY
TRIM
COOLER
E403

DUTY

NA

NA

NA

NA

0.164X1.2MM
KCAL/H

DIMENSION
(MM)

3300 DIA X
3250H

2800 DIA X
9000H

3600 DIDX
4200H

1100 DIA X
3250H

2200 DIA X
6000TL

DESGN
PRESSUREK
G/CM2

81.4

81.4

81.06

10

(S/T): 7.5/ 82

DESIGN
TEMP
DEGREE
CELSIUS

55

60

60

55

(S/T): 60/120

DETAIL

Equpment details of GDU (Cont..)

EQUIP

GLYCOL
REG. C402

LEAN
GLYCOL
SURGE
DRUM V403

LEAN
GLYCOL
TANK T401

GLY-GLY
HEAT EXCH.
E401A/B

DETAIL

GLYCOL
STRIPPG
COLUMN
C403

RICH
GLYCOL
REBOILER
E402

DUTY

NA

NA

NA

NA

0.627X1.2M
M KCAL/H

0.625X1.2
MM KCAL/H

DIMENSION
(MM)

500 DIAX
2150H

600DX
4200L
(UPPER)
800X2590
(LOWER)

1000 DIA X
4000L

4500 DIA X
3000H

NA

NA

DESGN
PRESSURE
KG/CM2

1.1

1.1

1.1

ATM

(S/T): 1.0/ 39

(S/T): 1.0/ 39
& FV

DESIGN
TEMP
DEGREE
CELSIUS

240

220(TOP)
240(BTM)

240

60

(S/T):
240/220

(S/T):
240/260

Topic recap

The incoming sour gas is treated by washing/scrubbing

with aqueous solution MDEA (Methyldiethanolamine).
Selectively removing H2S from 1375ppm (max)
down to 4ppm & limiting CO2 co absorption
to max of 32%.
Processing Acid Gas at SRU for Sulphur Removal.
Removing moisture, entrained or enriched during
sweetening, in Gas Dehydration Unit with TEG upto
-46 deg celsius.

Thank you for your good attention