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o f S i n g l e Pi l e s
Priodeep
Chowdhury
Methods
Pile driving formulae
Static load test
Dynamic or Static load test
Static formulae
Priodeep
Chowdhury
Methods
F
Ru
tc
Priodeep
Chowdhury
Methods
Load
Plunging failure
What is the distribution
of resistance?
Load to specified
contract requirement
Approximate methods
Instrumentation
What is the
failure load?
Davissons Method
Butler and Hoy
Chins Method
Brinch Hanson
etc. etc.
Deflection
Methods
Chowdhury
Axial Capacity
PUU
Pu = Qb + Qs - W
Qs
Qb
Priodeep
Chowdhury
Resistance
Qbb = Abb [cbbNcc + Pob
(Nqq-1) + 0.5gBNgg + Pob
]
ob
ob
Qb
Qb = Ab [cbNc + PobNq]
Priodeep
Chowdhury
Resistance
Due to cohesion or friction
Cohesive component : Qsc = As . . cs
Frictional component : Qsf = As .K Postan
Pos
K.Pos
Qs = Qsc + Qsf = As [ .cs + K Postan ]
Priodeep
Chowdhury
As
Resistance
Qu = Qb + Qs
Qu = Ab [cbNc+PobNq] + As [ .cs+K Potan ]
Chowdhury
Methods
Load
10 - 20% diam
2 - 5mm
Total
Base
Shaft
Mobilization
Settlement
Qu =
=A
Ab [c
[cbN
Nc+P
+PobN
Nq]] +
+A
As [[
.c
.cs+K
+K P
Potan
tan ]
]
Q
u
b
b c
ob q
s
s
o
Qu = Ab PobNq + AsK Postan
Piles
in
Clay
Drained
/ Effective
Q = A P N + A K P tan
u
Qbu = ob
AbcqbNc +s Aso.cs
Clay
2.0
2.0
1.5
1.5
Average
Averagecurve
curvefor
forsensitivea
sensitivea
m
arine
m
arineclay
clay
uu
vo 1.0
1.0
vo
Average
Averagecurve
curvefor
forclays
claysof
of
low-m
edium
sensitivity
low-medium sensitivity
0.5
0.5
00
10
10
20
20
Priodeep
30
30 r 40
40
r
aa
50
50
Chowdhury
60
60
300
300
30
30
200
200xx215mm
215mmconrete
conrete
250
250 (Gothenberg)
(Gothenberg)
25
25
200
200
20
20
150
150
15
15
100
100
50
50
00
11
300
300xx150mm
150mmtapered
taperedtimber
timber(Drammen)
(Drammen)
150mm
(8
in)
steel
tube
(San
Francisco)
150mm
(8
in)
steel
tube
(San
Francisco)
300
x
125mm
I-Beam
300 x 125mm I-Beam
(Gothenberg)
(Gothenberg)
55
10
10
50
50 100
100
Time
Timeafter
afterdriving
drivingin
indays
days
Priodeep
Bearing capacity
capacity in
in tons
tons
Bearing
Bearing capacity
capacity in
in kN
kN
Bearing
in Clay
10
10
55
500
500 1000
1000
Chowdhury
Bending capacity
capacity factor
factor NNc
Bending
c
10
10
Nc
99
88
77
66
55
00
11
22
33
L/d
L/dBB
44
55
Nc Parameter
Nc= 5(1+0.2B/L)(1+0.2D/ B)
Priodeep
Chowdhury
Factor
AUST. PILING CODE, AS159 (1978)
1.0
1.0
50
50
2.0
2.0
Ad
dh
h
e
sio
ion
nfa
fa
ctto
orr
A
e
s
c
1.5
1.5
1.0
1.0
0.5
0.5
00
1000
1000
100
100
150
150
200
200
250
250
Figures
Figuresdenote
denotepenetration
penetrationratio
ratio==
Depth
Depthofofpenetration
penetrationin
inclay
clay
Key:
Pile
diameter
Key:
Pile diameter
49
49
49 49
Steel
Steeltube
tubepiles
piles
49
49
19
19
56
Precast
concrete
56
Precast
concrete
13
13 15
15
piles
piles
17
13
1727
13
39
27
39
Design
curve
for
Design
curve
for
44
33
44 39
33
44
44 39 27
penetration
20
2733
penetrationratio
ratio>>20
33
19
19
17
17
40
38
38 10
10 5540
15
88
15
2000
2000
3000
3000
44
44
35
35
4000
4000
22
Undrained
Undrainedshear
shearstrength
strength(c
(cuu)) lb/ft
lb/ft
5000
5000
Reduction
duction Fa
Factor
ctor,,
Re
Undrained
Undrainedshear
shearstrength
strength(c
(cuu)) kN/m
kN/m22
0.8
0.8
0.6
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.2
00
100
100
200
200
Average
AverageUndrained
UndrainedShear
Shear Strength,
Strength, ccuu,, kPa
kPa
Priodeep
Chowdhury
disturbance
sampling attempts to establish in-situ
strength values
soil is failed/remoulded by driving or
drilling
pile
installation
causes
substantial
disturbance
bored piles : potential loosening
driven piles : probable densification
Priodeep
Chowdhury
S c a l e e ff e c t s
Laboratory samples or in-situ tests
involve small volumes of soil
Failure of soil around piles involves
much larger soil volumes
If soil is fissured, the sample may not
be representative
Priodeep
Chowdhury
Piles in Sand
Qu = Ab [cbNc+PobNq] + As [ .cs+K Postan ]
Chowdhury
Stress [Pob]
Qu = Ab PobNq] + AsK Postan ]
Meyerhof Method : Pob = z
Vesic Method : critical depth, zc
for z < zc : Pob = z
for z > zc : Pob = zc
zc/d is a function of after installation
- see graph p. 24
Priodeep
Chowdhury
Critical Depth (z c )
20
20
zzcc //dd
15
15
10
10
55
00
28
28
Priodeep
33
33
38
38
Chowdhury
43
43
Bearing Factor, N q
Qu = Ab PobNq] + AsK Postan ]
Layered soils :
Nq
may
be
re d u c e d
i f Meyerhof : Qb <
penetration
Ab50Nqtan
i nTotal
s u ffiend
c i ebearing
nt.
emay
. g . also
M ebe
y elimited:
rhof
(p 21)
Nq is a function of :
friction angle,
Methods
Nq factor (Berezantzevs Method)
If D/B <4
reduce
proportionately
to Terzaghi and
Peck values
For driven piles :
For bored piles :
1 3
Methods
Qu = Ab PobNq] + AsK Postan ]
Overburden Stress P
Priodeep
Chowdhury
Lateral stress
p a r a m e t e r, K
A function of Ko
normally consolidated or overconsolidated - see Kulhawy
properties manual
see recommendations by Das, Kulhawy (p26)
A function of installation
Priodeep
Chowdhury
K / Ko
1 to 1.4
1 to 1.8
K / Ko
Jetted piles
1/2 to 2/3
2/3 to 1
3/4 to 5/4
1 to 2
Priodeep
Chowdhury
& tan
Chowdhury
A function of
See values by Broms and Kulhawy (p26)
A function of pile material
steel, concrete, timber
Chowdhury
Methods
Broms (1966) suggests the following
Pile Material
/ '
Steel
Concrete
0.75
Timber
0.66
Kulhawy (1984)
Pile Material
/ '
Typical analogy
Rough concrete
1.0
Cast-in-place
Smooth concrete
0.8 to 1.0
Precast
Rough steel
0.7 to 0.9
Corrugated
Smooth steel
0.5 to 0.7
Coated
Timber
0.8 to 0.9
Pressure-treated
Chowdhury
Methods
Example
Methods
Bored pile
900mm diameter
Uniform medium dense sand (= 35o ; = 19.5kN/m3)
Water table at 1m
Pile length 20m
Check shaft capacity with Vesic and Meyerhof Methods
By comparsion, check capacity of 550mm diameter
screwed pile
Example
Priodeep
Chowdhury
Chowdhury