Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Q
i
Rnn
Q1 , efecto de la carga i
i = D R I
Rn , Resistencia nominal
i, factor relacionado a
i,
factor de carga
, factor de resistencia
ductilidad, redundancia
e importancia
I. INTRODUCCIN
REGLAMENTO AASHTO VERSIN STANDAR, utilizado en el Per hasta el
ao 2005
SOBRECARGA DISEO HS20
1.2 Sobrecarga
equivalente
3.05 m
Camin Tipo HS
(3 ejes)
Sardinel
a
P
0.61
b
4P
1.83 m
0.61
Pi(tn)
We (kg/m)/ancho de va
4P
0.1 W
0.4 W
0.4 W
0.1 W
0.4 W
0.4 W
Ancho de va = 3.05 m
1.2 Sobrecarga
equivalente
3.05 m
Camin Tipo HS
(3 ejes)
Sardinel
a
P
0.61
b
4P
1.83 m
0.61
4P
Pi(tn)
a
We (kg/m)/ancho de va
0.1 W
0.4 W
0.4 W
0.1 W
0.4 W
0.4 W
Ancho de va = 3.05 m
LRFD
3.05 m
3.05 m
Camin Tipo HS
Camin Tipo HS
(3 ejes)
(3 ejes)
Ancho de Va 3.6m
Sardinel
Sardinel
35 KN
a
145 KN
4.3 m4P
4P
a
0.1 W
0.1 W
0.1 W
0.1 W
a
0.4 W
0.4 W
0.4 W
145 KN
0.60 m General
0.30m Borde de Losa
4.3 m a 9.0 m 4P 4P
b
0.4 W
b
0.4 W 0.4 W
0.4 W
b) Tandem de diseo
0.4 W
REGISTROS DE
LA
RED
VIAL
NACIONAL
El presente estudio
se basa en las
observaciones
realizadas por el
PROVIAS
NACIONAL
mediante
sus
estaciones
de
pesaje.
E.P.
PIURA
U.M.P.
BAGUA
U.M.P.
PACHANGUILLA
E.P.
CHICAMA
E.P.
SERPENTIN
E.P.
CUT OFF
E.P.
HUANCAYO
E.P.
CERRO AZUL
E.P.
COCACHACRA
U.M.P.
YANAG
E.P.
ICA
E.P.
AREQUIPA
U.M.P.
MONTALVO
E.P.
DESAGUADERO
...
Los datos que se muestran en cada uno de los registros a los que
pudimos acceder fueron:
Ejemplo : REGISTRO DE PESAJE DE ESTACIN DE BAGUA- DICIEMBRE
2002
MUESTRA: 2 SEMANAS.
Muestreo de Camiones
Cargas mximas
Primer caso
Peso < 48 t
Segundo caso
Peso < 60 t
Tercer caso
Peso > 60 t
Primer caso:
Peso < 48 t
Chicama
AO 2003 Huancayo
Ica
AO 2004
Chicama
Cocachacra
Ica
C A M IO N E S M S P E S A D O S
P u e n te s c o n tr a m o s s im p le m e n te a p o y a d o s
M OM ENTOS FLECTORES
FUERZAS CORTANTES
1 0 m , 1 5 m , 2 0 m , 2 5 m , 3 0 m , 3 5 m ,4 0 m , 4 5 m , y 5 0 m .
C O M P A R A C I N C O N E L C A M I N H L 9 3
***
***
...
Muestreo de Camiones
METODOLOGA DE NOWAK
LA DISTRIBUCIN DE FRECUENCIAS DE
STAS SE OBTIENEN DE LOS RESULTADOS DEL
PASO ANTERIOR.
VARIABLES ALEATORIAS
x xfx( x)dx
x xipx ( xi )
allxi
x ( x x ) 2 fx ( x )dx
2 x ( xi x ) 2 px ( xi )
allxi
x x
FORMA ESTNDAR
z E
y
z E ( Z )
2
X x
E
1
2x
2
0 2 E X x 2 1
x
x
distribuciones ms importantes
utilizadas en el anlisis de
confiabilidad estructural:
uniforme,
normal,
lognormal,
gamma,
tipo extremo I,
tipo Extremo II, tipo Extremo III, y
Poisson.
DISTRIBUCIN
NORMAL
FDP y de la FDA de
una variable aleatoria normal. La grfica
de esta funcin tiene forma de
campana y se conoce con el nombre de
campana de Gauss.
1 x x
1
fx ( x )
exp
x
x 2
1 x x
1
fx ( x )
exp
x
x 2
2
exp z fz ( z )
2 normal
x 2
aleatoria
1
).1
FDA de la variable normal estndar
(z
( z)
X x Z x
Fx ( x) P ( X x) P ( x Zx x) P Z
o,
x x
Fz ( z )
x
Fx ( x)
- Debido a que la distribucin normal es simtrica alrededor del valor de la media, la suma de F x(x + x) y Fx(x x) es igual a 1. Esto es:
El rea bajo la curva comprendida entre los valores situados aproximadamente a dos desviaciones estndar
de lax media
x es igual a 0.95.
x En
x concreto, existe un 95% de posibilidades de observar un valor comprendido
en el intervalo.
f ( x) f ( x) 1
P(- X+)
=0,682
P(-2 X +2) =0,9544
P(-3 X +3) =0,9974
1
x x
x
X
x
x
x
x x
Fx( x ) p
1
x
x
x
x
1 ( p ) z
TRANSFORMA LA VARIABLE
PROBABILIDAD A UNA RELACIN
LOGARTMICA, EN FORMA TAL
DE LINEALIZARLA Y QUE SEA
MS FCIL LA EXTRAPOLCAIN
...
PRIMER CASO: PESO <48 t
AO: 2003
ESTACIN: CHICAMA
CLCULO DE MOMENTOS
Camin N
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
N=100 11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
ESTACIN : CHICAMA
L1
10
L2
15
L3
20
83.54
106.10
69.30
54.76
55.23
64.71
76.52
83.37
75.13
78.38
85.34
66.93
59.53
82.03
79.10
110.49
71.61
60.35
134.64
161.42
101.37
88.70
87.08
99.28
119.30
135.57
119.36
127.12
137.17
111.59
111.37
137.12
132.28
168.81
117.80
106.42
48.00
56.57
40.49
28.42
30.47
35.58
40.99
47.62
26.71
44.62
44.86
30.20
50.37
45.76
48.11
58.43
44.63
44.63
L4
25
191.23
217.97
147.26
123.61
118.49
149.34
159.95
191.58
158.42
182.14
192.44
163.12
164.53
192.64
190.62
227.40
171.13
153.38
PESOS : Menores de 48 t
L5
30
L6
35
L7
40
L8
45
L9
50
248.26
274.63
195.14
170.13
162.24
206.32
215.05
247.93
214.60
237.62
248.06
219.91
218.32
248.39
249.30
286.13
224.85
200.78
305.53
331.34
243.52
216.76
206.09
263.47
270.37
304.47
271.02
293.38
303.88
276.93
272.50
304.25
308.17
344.93
278.82
248.44
362.96
388.09
292.22
263.44
250.01
320.71
325.83
361.13
327.60
349.30
359.83
334.08
326.90
360.20
367.16
403.79
332.92
296.26
420.49
444.86
341.13
310.17
293.97
378.03
381.38
417.88
384.29
405.33
415.85
391.32
381.46
416.19
426.22
462.68
387.13
344.18
478.10
501.65
390.19
356.93
337.96
435.40
436.99
474.69
441.04
461.44
471.94
448.63
436.12
472.22
485.34
521.59
441.40
392.17
L1
10
L2
15
0.47324
0.58414
0.64158
0.64791
0.65405
0.66976
0.67012
0.67897
0.67897
0.69216
0.69704
0.70282
0.70300
0.70715
0.71203
0.71492
0.71709
0.72088
0.72124
0.72377
0.72521
0.72720
0.72919
0.73750
0.74400
0.74869
0.45091
0.48244
0.50128
0.52191
0.53083
0.53191
0.53696
0.53741
0.54318
0.54417
0.55039
0.56471
0.57138
0.57435
0.57499
0.57976
0.58066
0.58273
0.58436
0.58715
0.58994
0.59445
0.59688
0.59697
0.59940
0.60914
0.46688
0.53775
0.55500
0.56084
0.56146
0.56796
0.58458
0.58546
0.58754
0.59258
0.59596
0.60058
0.60225
0.60496
0.61142
0.61896
0.62137
0.62216
0.62304
0.62654
0.63083
0.63146
0.63208
0.63550
0.63958
0.64187
0.49808
0.54992
0.57532
0.57618
0.57873
0.57944
0.58601
0.59392
0.59507
0.59577
0.60346
0.60499
0.61281
0.61928
0.62436
0.62675
0.63010
0.63067
0.63169
0.63603
0.63839
0.63916
0.63916
0.63977
0.64749
0.64800
L6
35
L7
40
L8
45
L9
50
0.51058
0.55035
0.57649
0.57797
0.57802
0.57901
0.58647
0.58813
0.58950
0.59444
0.59556
0.59902
0.61129
0.61460
0.61552
0.61750
0.61913
0.62669
0.62825
0.63153
0.63413
0.63530
0.63830
0.63853
0.64154
0.64159
0.51294
0.54442
0.56590
0.57085
0.57226
0.57255
0.57654
0.57960
0.58322
0.58529
0.58660
0.58794
0.59530
0.59656
0.60062
0.61049
0.61160
0.61626
0.61708
0.61775
0.61971
0.62224
0.63042
0.63293
0.63308
0.63548
0.50954
0.53506
0.55178
0.56144
0.56204
0.56269
0.56318
0.56692
0.56878
0.57433
0.57534
0.57801
0.57822
0.57897
0.58277
0.59677
0.60016
0.60017
0.60116
0.60427
0.60544
0.61210
0.61862
0.61874
0.62322
0.62329
0.50268
0.52375
0.53680
0.54780
0.54988
0.54990
0.55161
0.55285
0.55341
0.55949
0.55955
0.56081
0.56223
0.56474
0.56957
0.57746
0.58226
0.58664
0.58936
0.58979
0.58991
0.59959
0.60283
0.60499
0.60576
0.60973
AO: 2003
ESTACIN: CHICAMA
GRFICA DE MOMENTOS
L=10 m,
15 m,
25 m,
35m,
45 m
4.00
3.50
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
-0.50
0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.70
-1.00
-1.50
-2.00
-2.50
-3.00
-3.50
Momento/HL-93 Moment
(...)
# das
1 da
2 semanas
1 mes
2 meses
6 meses
1 ao
5 aos
50 aos
75 aos
N =100
Periodo
T
75 aos
50 aos
5 aos
1 ao
6 meses
2 meses
1 mes
2 semanas
1 da
1
14
30
60
180
365
1825
18250
27375
Nmero de Camiones
N
195,536.00
130,357.00
13,036.00
2,607.00
1,286.00
429.00
214.00
100.00
7.00
# camiones
7
100
214
429
1,286
2,607
13,036
130,357
195,536
4.412
4.323
3.785
3.364
3.164
2.830
2.600
2.327
1.068
AO: 2003
ESTACIN: CHICAMA
L1
10
L2
15
L3
20
L4
25
L5
30
L6
35
L7
40
L8
45
L9
50
M HL'93
55.36
110.98
172.53
240.02
313.44
392.81
478.11
569.32
666.52
Media
D. S
44.65
7.37
77.63
12.49
124.99
17.42
178.19
21.19
233.18
23.76
288.12
26.49
343.19
29.32
398.34
32.23
453.55
35.21
M+4
74.14
127.60
194.67
262.96
328.24
394.06
460.45
527.26
594.40
V HL'93
27.64
32.06
35.43
38.43
41.20
43.88
46.46
49.01
51.52
Media
D. S
20.74
3.49
26.73
3.88
30.96
3.62
33.64
3.26
35.43
3.05
36.70
2.92
37.66
2.84
38.41
2.79
39.00
2.75
V+4
34.69
42.24
45.42
46.66
47.63
48.40
49.03
49.56
50.00
N camiones
2205
593
4046
6844
ESTACIN DE PESAJE:
LUCES (m)
M HL'93
N=6844
L1
L2
L3
L4
L5
L6
L7
L8
L9
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55.36
110.98
172.53
240.02
313.44
392.81
478.11
569.32
666.52
PESOS : Menores de 48 t
Media
D. S
38.26
7.61
65.76
16.16
101.47
25.28
138.89
36.14
176.75
47.62
214.72
59.40
252.75
71.34
290.83
83.38
328.94
95.48
M=u+4
68.72
130.41
202.59
283.46
367.24
452.32
538.11
624.35
710.86
V HL'93
27.64
32.06
35.43
38.43
41.20
43.88
46.46
49.01
51.52
PESOS : Menores de 48 t
Media
D. S
17.99
4.24
21.62
4.65
23.82
4.88
25.17
5.02
26.08
5.11
26.72
5.17
27.20
5.22
27.58
5.25
27.88
5.28
V= u + 4
34.95
40.22
43.35
45.25
46.50
47.40
48.07
48.59
49.00
Momentos Mximos promedios para luces simples divididos por los momentos del Nuevo LRFD, M(LRFD)
Luz (pies)
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
m
3.048
6.096
9.144
12.192
15.24
18.288
21.336
24.384
27.432
30.48
33.528
36.576
39.624
42.672
45.72
48.768
51.816
54.864
57.912
60.96
1 da
0.88
0.90
0.95
1.02
1.00
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.01
1.00
0.98
0.98
0.98
0.99
0.98
0.97
0.96
2 semanas 1 mes
1.02
0.98
1.04
1.11
1.08
1.09
1.08
1.08
1.08
1.08
1.07
1.07
1.06
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.02
1.02
2 meses
1.07
1.02
1.08
1.14
1.12
1.12
1.12
1.11
1.11
1.10
1.10
1.09
1.09
1.06
1.06
1.07
1.07
1.06
1.06
1.05
1.12
1.06
1.12
1.17
1.15
1.15
1.15
1.15
1.14
1.14
1.13
1.12
1.12
1.11
1.08
1.07
1.09
1.09
1.08
1.08
6 meses
1 ao
1.18
1.10
1.15
1.21
1.18
1.18
1.18
1.17
1.16
1.16
1.15
1.15
1.13
1.10
1.00
1.10
1.11
1.11
1.10
1.09
5 aos
1.25
1.14
1.19
1.23
1.22
1.21
1.21
1.21
1.20
1.20
1.19
1.18
1.16
1.13
1.12
1.13
1.13
1.13
1.13
1.12
50 aos
1.33
1.21
1.26
1.28
1.25
1.24
1.25
1.25
1.24
1.24
1.24
1.22
1.20
1.17
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.17
1.17
1.16
75 aos
1.5
1.3
1.35
1.35
1.33
1.32
1.31
1.32
1.31
1.31
1.31
1.29
1.27
1.24
1.23
1.24
1.24
1.24
1.24
1.23
1.5
1.3
1.35
1.35
1.33
1.32
1.31
1.32
1.31
1.31
1.31
1.29
1.27
1.24
1.23
1.24
1.24
1.24
1.24
1.23
1.50
1 da
2 sem
1 mes
2 meses
6 meses
1 ao
5 aos
50 aos
75 aos
1.00
0.50
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
2.00
1.50
75 aos
50 aos
5 aos
1 ao
6 meses
2 meses
1 mes
2 sem
1.00
0.50
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
PROM.
1
da
0.84
0.68
0.72
0.74
0.74
0.72
0.71
0.69
0.67
2
semanas
0.94
0.78
0.81
0.82
0.81
0.80
0.78
0.75
0.73
1
mes
1.06
0.91
0.93
0.92
0.91
0.88
0.86
0.83
0.81
2
meses
1.08
0.93
0.95
0.94
0.93
0.90
0.88
0.85
0.82
ESTACIN: COCACHACRA
6
meses
1.11
0.95
0.97
0.96
0.94
0.92
0.89
0.86
0.84
1.14
0.99
1.00
0.99
0.97
0.94
0.91
0.88
0.85
1
ao
5
aos
1.16
1.00
1.02
1.00
0.98
0.95
0.92
0.90
0.87
1.20
1.05
1.06
1.04
1.01
0.98
0.95
0.92
0.89
Momentos (t-m) promedios mximos para puentes de una sla luz debido
al paso de camiones <48 t
2.00
Momento Promedio / HL-93
LUZ (m)
AO: 2004
1.75
1.50
1.25
75 aos
50 aos
5 aos
1 ao
6 meses
2 meses
1 mes
2 sem
1 da
1.00
0.75
0.50
0.25
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
Luz (m)
50
aos
1.25
1.10
1.10
1.08
1.05
1.02
0.99
0.95
0.92
75
aos
1.26
1.11
1.11
1.09
1.06
1.03
0.99
0.96
0.93
RESULTADOS
CASO
AO
:
ESTACIN :
MOMENTOS
CORTANTES
2003
HUANCAYO
2003
ICA
LUCES (m)
LUCES (m)
LUCES (m)
10-40
AO
:
ESTACIN :
MOMENTOS
CORTANTES
1%
1%
1%
2004
CHICAMA
2004
COCACHACRA
2004
ICA
LUCES (m)
LUCES (m)
LUCES (m)
1%
1%
1%
RESULTADOS
GRFICA COMPARATIVA: MOMENTOS FLECTORES (t-m) ESTAC.:CHICAMA
2003 - PESOS <48t
700
650
HL 93
600
m +5D.E.
550
m+4D.E.
MOMENTOS (t-m )
500
450
400
Est.
Ant:m +4D.
E
350
300
Media:m
250
200
150
100
50
0
0
10
15
20
25
30
LUZ (m )
35
40
45
50
55
RESULTADOS
CASO
AO
:
ESTACIN :
2003
COCACHACRA C=0.5
2003
COCACHACRA C=1
LUCES (m)
LUCES (m)
LUCES (m)
45-70
35%
47%
80-120
10%
19%
45-70
36%
45%
80-120
12%
18%
45-80
49.5%
59.5%
85-120
29%
37%
2%
2%
2%
RESULTADOS
3500
m +5D.E.
m+4D.E.
MOMENTOS (t-m )
3000
2500
HL 93
2000
1500
1000
Media:m
500
0
0
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 10 10 11 11 12 12 13
0 5 0 5 0 5 0
LUZ (m )
2.00
75 aos
50 aos
5 aos
1 ao
6 meses
2 meses
1 mes
2 sem
promed.
1.75
1.50
1.25
1.00
0.75
0.50
0.25
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
120.00
Luz (m)
En el intervalo correspondiente a las luces entre 70120 m- se encontr una ecuacin que depende de los
valores de las luces. As es que se lleg a:
S/C= 0.95x (L-a)/b, siendo a y b, constantes y L, las
luces en metros.
LUZ (m)
S/C **
a
b
0.95
69
202
70
80
90
100
110
120
S/C= 0.95*(L-a)/b
0.945
0.898
0.851
0.804
0.757
0.710
t/m
SOBRECARGA RECOMENDADA
MOMENTOS PROMEDIOS MXIMOS PARA PUENTES DE
UNA SLA LUZ DEBIDO AL PASO DE UN CAMIN <48t
(DIVIDIDO POR EL MOMENTO HL-93 CORRESPONDIENTE)
LUZ (m)
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
PROM.
0.77
0.66
0.68
0.68
0.67
0.66
0.64
0.63
0.62
0.58
0.56
0.54
0.53
0.52
0.51
0.51
1
da
0.95
0.84
0.86
0.87
0.86
0.84
0.82
0.81
0.80
0.76
0.73
0.72
0.71
0.70
0.69
0.69
2
semanas
1.11
1.00
1.02
1.03
1.03
1.01
0.99
0.97
0.96
0.93
0.90
0.88
0.87
0.86
0.86
0.85
1
mes
1.15
1.04
1.06
1.07
1.06
1.05
1.02
1.01
1.00
0.96
0.94
0.92
0.91
0.90
0.89
0.89
2
meses
1.18
1.07
1.09
1.10
1.10
1.08
1.05
1.04
1.03
1.00
0.97
0.95
0.94
0.93
0.93
0.92
ESTACIN COCACH.
FECHA
Feb-04
C=0 MODIFICADO
6
meses
1.22
1.11
1.14
1.15
1.14
1.12
1.10
1.09
1.07
1.04
1.01
1.00
0.99
0.98
0.97
0.97
1
ao
1.25
1.14
1.17
1.18
1.17
1.15
1.13
1.11
1.10
1.07
1.04
1.02
1.01
1.00
1.00
1.00
5
aos
1.31
1.20
1.22
1.24
1.23
1.21
1.18
1.17
1.16
1.13
1.10
1.08
1.07
1.06
1.06
1.05
50
aos
1.38
1.27
1.30
1.31
1.31
1.29
1.26
1.25
1.23
1.20
1.17
1.16
1.14
1.14
1.13
1.13
75
aos
1.40
1.28
1.31
1.33
1.32
1.30
1.27
1.26
1.24
1.21
1.18
1.17
1.16
1.15
1.14
1.14
SOBRECARGA RECOMENDADA
Momentos (t-m) promedios mximos para puentes de una sla luz debido al
paso de camiones <48 t **
2.00
Momento Promedio / HL-93
1.75
1.50
75 aos
50 aos
5 aos
1 ao
6 meses
2 meses
1 mes
2 sem
promed.
1.25
1.00
0.75
0.50
0.25
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
120.00
Luz (m)
2.00
75 aos
50 aos
5 aos
1 ao
6 meses
2 meses
1 mes
2 sem
promed.
1.75
1.50
1.25
1.00
0.75
0.50
0.25
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
120.00
Luz (m)
M S 255.48 tn m / va
C
M S 409.38 tn m / va
C
Viga interior
Versin Estndar
c = impacto
255.48
M u 1.583 2.17 1.206
529.2tn m
2
a
b c
a = concentracin de carga
b = factor de carga
FIN DE LA PRESENTACIN