Potential Performance

is a product of ability
and motivation.

Motivation

 an inner drive that causes you to

do something and persevere at
something.
an inner drive that energizes you
to do something.
the initiation, direction, intensity
and persistence of behavior.
the force that energizes a learner
to do what s/he is expected to do.

Level of Motivation
-is reflected in his choice of action,
and in the intensity and persistence
of his/her effort.

Indicators of a High Level of

Motivation
excited about learning and
accomplishing things
takes initiative to undertake
learning tasks, assignments and
project without being pushed by
his/her teachers and parents
has goals to accomplish and
dreams to realize

 willing to give up the satisfaction

of immediate goals for the sake
of more important remote goals
enjoys learning and learns much
more than one who is not
motivated
persists and perseveres his/her
studies even when things turn
out to be difficult
does not give up easily

Types of Motivation
1. Intrinsic Motivation
-the source of motivation is from
within the person himself/herself or
the activity itself.

2. Extrinsic Motivation
-the source of motivation is someone
or something outside him/her.

Quality does not come by accident.

It is a product of intention.

Success comes only to people

who work for it.

Happy are those who dream dreams and

are willing to pay the price for their dreams to
come true.

Success is that old ABC ability,

breaks and courage.

-Charles
Luckman

How can I ever perform? I have a very low IQ.

All my brothers and sisters are as dumb as I am.

I dropped out of my classes because of

my failing grades. Kasi nabarkada ako.

Johann is lucky. His parents are very supportive.

He has no problem with money. Plus he is really
intelligent because his parents are also intelligent.

How can you be encouraged to study? Our teachers are of the

terror type. They demand so much yet they do not teach well.
We dont understand what they are teaching. Worse, there are
no books.

How can I be motivated to study when what my

parents want me to be is not what I want to be.

I have to perform in class. My parents and teachers

expect me to perform. All my brothers and sisters are
performing. Nakakahiya naman kung di ako magperform.

Theories on Factors
Affecting
Motivation

Attribution Theory
This theory explains that we
attribute our successes or failures
or other events to several factors.

Three ways how attributions differ

from one another:
1. Locus: internal versus external
2. Stability: stable versus unstable
3. Controllability: controllable versus
uncontrollable

Self-efficacy Theory
This theory deals with the belief
that one has the necessary
capabilities to perform tasks, fulfill
role expectations, or meet a
challenging situation successfully.

Social cognitive theorists identified several selfefficacy enhancing strategies:

Make sure students master the basic

skills
Help them make noticeable progress
on difficult tasks
Communicate confidence in
students abilities through both
words and actions

Recommendations from motivation theorists:

Provide competence-promoting
feedback
Promote mastery on challenging
tasks
Promote self-comparison rather
than comparison with others
Be sure errors occur within an
overall context success

Self-Determination
and Self-Regulation
Theories

Self-determination when they believe that they have some choice

and control regarding the things they do and the directions their lives
take.

Suggestions to enhance students

sense of self-determination about
school activities and assignments
Present rules and instructions in an
informational manner rather than
controlling manner.
Provide opportunities for students to
make choices.
Evaluate student performance in a noncontrolling fashion.

Self-regulation a persons ability to master himself.

Indicators of self-regulation:
Ability to set standards for
oneself
Ability to monitor and evaluate
ones own behavior against such
standards
Ability to impose consequences
on oneself for ones successes or
failures

Processes involved in self-regulated learning:

Goal-setting
Planning
Attention control
Application of learning strategies
Self-monitoring
Self-evaluation

Choice Theory
(Bob Sullo writes) The choice
theory is a biological theory that
suggests we are born with specific
needs that we are genetically
instructed to satisfy. All of our
behavior represents our best attempt
at any moment to satisfy our basic
needs or genetic instructions.

Four basic psychological needs that

must be satisfied to be emotionally
healthy:

Belonging or connecting
Power or competence
Freedom
Fun

Maslowss Hierarchy
of Needs

Goal Theory
Learning goals versus
performance goals
Self-determined goals
Goal settings

Students Diversity in
Motivation

Two principles to consider regarding social

and cultural influences on motivation:

Students are most likely to model

the behaviors they believe are
relevant to their situation.
Students develop greater efficacy
for a task when they see others
like themselves performing task
successfully.

Students motivation is likely to vary as a function of age, culture,

gender, socioeconomic background, and special education needs.
There is no single best method of motivating learners.