QUESTIONS:

(CARBOHYDRATES)
Naguna, Harold B.

#1

Which pancreatic
hormone is
Produced
in beta cells of
described?

islets of Langerhans.
Causes movement of
glucose into cells for
metabolism.
Decreases plasma glucose
levels.

A. Glucagon
B. Insulin
C. Either of the two
D. None of the above

Answer:

#2
If diet and exercise
are not successful
in reaching target
goals in glucose
control. What
medications are
available which
targets the liver?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
F)

Sulfonylureas
Metformin
Acarbose
Troglitazone
B&D
All of the above

Answer:
E.
E. B
B (Metformin)
(Metformin)
acts
acts to
to improve
improve
insulin
sensitivity,
insulin sensitivity,
predominantly
predominantly at
at the
the
site
of
the
liver
&
site of the liver & D
D
(Troglitazone) A
mew
mew class
class of
of drugs,
drugs,
called
called
thiazolidinediones,
directly
directly enhances
enhances
insulin sensitivity at
the
the site
site of
of the
the muscle
muscle
and
and fat
fat cell
cell and
and
improves
improves insulin
insulin
sensitivity
sensitivity at
at the
the
liver.
liver.

Sulfonylureas (glipizide, glyburide) work by

stimulating the pancreas to produce more
insulin.
Acarbose slows the absorption of ingested
carbohydrates by inhibiting the hydrolysis
(breakdown) of dietary disaccharides.
Note: These medications can be used as
monotherapy or in various combinations to
achieve the desired glucose levels.

#3
How is hypoglycemia
treated? In case of an
unconscious patient
in hospital setting?

A.

B.

C.

D.

15 gm of simple carbohydrate
(unsweetened fruit juice or
non-dietetic soft drink
15-20 gm of simple
carbohydrate (crackers or
bread)
More viscous sources of sugar
(honey, glucose gels, cake
icing in a tube)
1 mg of glucagon injected IM
or IV dextrose (D-50)

Answer:
A.
B.
C.

D.

Mild hypoglycemia (blood glucose = 50-60 mg/dl)

For more profound symptoms of hypoglycemia
For patients who are unconscious should not be
given liquids. In this situation, more viscous
sources of sugar
For unconscious patients and usually done in
hospital setting 1mg of glucagon intramasculary
(indirectly causes the blood glucose level to
increase via its effect on the liver) But IV dextrose
(D-50) is probably more accesible than glucagon
and results in a prompt return of consciousness

#4
Which of the following
anticoagulant inhibits
glycolysis?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

Heparin
EDTA
Sodium Citrate
Sodium Fluoride
None of the above

Answer:
What anticoagulant inhibits glycolysis?
E. None of the above
Sodium Fluoride is not an anticoagulant
yet it inhibits glycolysis. It is combined
with K. oxalate if anticoagulation is
needed, prevents clotting by binding
with Ca2+ .
EDTA prevents clotting by chelating
Ca2+
Heparin prevents clotting by
neutralizing thrombin
Sodium Citrate prevents clotting by
binding Ca 2+

#5.
Which of the following carbohydrate were
unable to be oxidized and can not reduce
other substances?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Maltose
Lactose
Sucrose
None of the above

Answer.
Any carbohydrate that able to be
oxidized and reduce other
substances are reducing sugars
Those that cannot be oxidized and
cannot reduce other substances are
non reducing sugars
Maltose(malt sugar) , lactose (milk
sugar) are form of reducing sugar
Sucrose (table sugar) is an example
of a non-reducing sugar

http://www.biologyexams4u.com/p/differencebetween.html
http://www.biotopics.co.uk/humans/hormon.html
Quick Review Cards for Medical Laboratory Science
Second Edition Valerie Dietz Polansky, MEd,
http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/commonterms/
http://www.biologyexams4u.com/2012/10/differenc
es-between-reducing-and-non.html#.V6JQ3c6cG1s
Endocrine Secrets Second Edition by Michael T.
McDermott, Thank
M.D.
you.

END!