TOEFL STRUCTURE &

WRITTEN EXPRESSION

ADJECTIVES AND
ADJECTIVE PHRASES
BY Ms. Nawang Wulan

adjectiv
es

noun/
pronoun

Adjectives describe nouns

and pronouns.
They give you more
information about people,
places, and things.

Kinds of Adjectives
SIZE
a big
house

COLOR
a red
carpet

QUALITY
a beautiful
woman

MATERIAL
a plastic
folder

a large a white
army
swan

a handsome a paper
boy
bag

a huge a blue
ship
uniform

a poor
family

a tall
building

a rich couple

a cotton
shirt

ORIGIN
a
Mexican
hat
the
French
flag
an
America
n custom
a
Japanese
lady

Adjectives of quantity
few (a small number)
a few (some, several)
Countabl
e nouns

many
a lot of (+)
some (+)
any (-) (?)

Adjectives of quantity
little (almost none)
a little (some, but not much)
Uncountab
le nouns

much
a lot of (+)
some (+)
any (-) (?)

Adjective Endings
ending

examples

-ful

beautiful, cheerful, powerful, joyful, helpful

-ous

Famous, dangerous, mysterious, humorous

-y

Sleepy, easy, noisy, sunny, dirty, lazy

-less

Careless, useless, fearless, meaningless

-al

National, personal, magical, medical

-ic

Fantastic, energetic, basic, enthusiastic

-ish

Selfish, foolish, stylish, childish

-ible

Terrible, sensible, horrible, visible

-able

Likeable, comfortable, valuable, suitable

-ive

Imaginative, expensive, talkative, creative

-ly

Friendly, lovely, lively, elderly

-ing

Loving, caring, smiling, boring, interesting

-ed

Closed, wasted, satisfied, worried, excited

The Comparison of
Adjectives

The Comparison of
Adjectives

Irregular Comparative and

Superlative Forms

Forms of other

another
other

for singular nouns

another book

plural nouns
other books

others

for unspecified plural nouns

Many students study at night, but
others prefer daytime.

the
others

For specific plural nouns

Five students in my class study in the
library, but the others study in their
homes.

Practice 3
Caffeine is __________, sligthly bitter
substance, added to many carbonated
soft drinks.
A. odor
B. odorless
C. an odorless
D. more odorous

Practice 3
Spain has little good farmland and
lacks many ___________ raw materials.
A. important industry
B. industrious and important
C. important industrial
D. important industries

Practice 3
Nuclear engines operate without air
and consume _________ fuel than do
other engines.
A. much less
B. most
C. much
D. most of the

Practice 3
Raising and selling cut flowers and
_____ potted plants is a large industry.
A. decoration
B. decorates
C. decorate
D. decorative

Practice 3
Calcite is one of _______ minerals in
the earth, and is prevalent in
mountanious regions.
A. the more commonly
B. the most common
C. as common as
D. common

Practice 3
Each climate zone has its specially
A B
features, which this research describes
C
in detail.
D

Practice 3
Although parents exert the strongest
A
influence on a childs development,
B
another adults also have an effect.
C D

Practice 3
The more precipitation there is, the
high is
A B
the groundwater table in low-lying
areas.
C D

Practice 3
Harold Pinters plays show ordinary
people
A B
being threatened or attacked by
mystery
C D
forces.

Practice 3
A little drivers realize how many
individual
A B C
parts are necessary to assemble a car.
D