Hazard Identification,

Risk Assessment and

Risk Control (HIRARC)

OBJECTIVES
1.

Define hazard and risk

2.

Explain the methods of hazard

identification

3.

Explain the process of risk assessment

4.

Explain the Hierarchy of Control

INTRODUCTION TO
RISK AND RISK
ASSESSMENT

INTRODUCTION TO RISK AND RISK

ASSESSMENT
Hazard:

a source or a situation with a

potential for harm in terms of human
injury or ill health, damage to property,
damage to the environment or a
combination of these

INTRODUCTION TO RISK AND RISK

ASSESSMENT
Risk:

a combination of the likelihood of an

occurrence of a hazardous event with
specified period or in specified
circumstances, and the severity of injury
or damage to the health of people,
property, environment or any combination
of these caused by the event.

INTRODUCTION TO RISK AND RISK

ASSESSMENT
RISK

= LIKELIHOOD X SEVERITY, where

Likelihood

is an event likely to occur within

the
specific
period
or
in
specified
circumstances
Severity is outcome from an event such as
severity of injury or health of people, or
damage to property, or insult to environment,
or any combination of those caused by the
event

INTRODUCTION TO RISK AND RISK

ASSESSMENT

HAZARD A potential of
harms that can cause injuries
(i.e chemicals, electricity,
noise etc)

RISK likelihood of an
occurrence of a
hazardous event or
injuries caused by
hazard

What is HIRARC?
Verifying

workplaces thoroughly to identify

the source condition, situation, process etc
that can cause harm and consequently
performing risk assessment.

To

plan, introduce and monitor preventive

measures to ensure that the risks are
adequately controlled at all times.

THE IMPORTANCE OF HIRARC?

To

enable organization (UTeM/FTK) to manage

hazard effectively

Law

requirements:
Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 (Act
514)
CIMAH 1996 (Control of Industrial Major Accident
Hazards)
USECHH 2000 (Use And Standard Of Exposure Of
Chemical Hazardous To Health Regulation)

HIRARC IS REQUIRED FOR:

routine

activities and non-routine activities

including emergency situations

All

personnel activities at workplaces

including sub-contractors and visitors

Facilities

at workplaces provided either by

the organization or other parties

HIRARC PROCESS

START

CLASSIFY WORK ACTIVITIES (works, services,

manufactures)
IDENTIFY ANY HAZARD EXISTENCE (HI)
DETERMINE RISK (RA)
DETERMINE RISK LEVEL (RA)
IMPLEMENT CONTROL MEASURES (RC)

THE SOURCE OF HAZARD

MAN

Dangerous and harmful acts

MACHINE

Location, arrangement, design

MATERIAL

Biological, chemical and solution

(acids etc)

METHOD

Ways of doing works

SITUATION

Conditions around workplace (i.e air

quality, lighting, noise, vibrations etc)

HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
CAREFULLY

CONSIDER:
Lifting and other manual handling operations
Work at height
Sparks and spray
Moving parts of machinery, tools and equipment
Slipping/tripping hazards
power source cutoff
Head

banging/knocks

HAZARD IDENTIFICATION

RISK ASSESSMENT
Risk

= Likelihood X Severity

Consists

of:

Likelihood

of occurrence (Frequency)
Severity (Intensity)

RISK ASSESSMENT
Through

assessment:
Effects on severity of injuries or impacts
to environment or financial;
Possibilities

of injuries/harms that might

happen or frequency of impacts that had
happened.

RISK ASSESSMENT
LIKELIHOOD OF
OCCURRENCE

EXAMPLES

SCORE (WEIGHTAGE)

Most likely

Hazard that most

likely occurs/happens

Possible

Probably happens and

not unforeseen

Expected

Might happen in the

future

Rarely

Cannot be predicted
to happen after few
years

Unexpected

Impossible to happen
and never had
happened

EFFECTS OF CONSEQUENCES
EFFECTS

EXAMPLES

SCORE(WEIGHTAGE)

DISASTER

Death

FATAL

Permanent disability

SERIOUS

Severe injury

MILD

Light injury

LITTLE

Minor injury

Risk Assessment Matrix UTeM

Chances / Probability

Consequences

Heard
about
occorencei
n UTeM

Once
happen in
UTeM

Occurred
several
times in
UTeM

Occurred
several
times a
year in
UTeM

Ratin
g

Human

Financial
loss

Environm
ent

UTeM
Reputation

Never
happen in
UTeM

No injury

No loss

No
impact

No impact

Little injury

< RM10

Slight
impact

Slight
Impact

10

Minor injury

< RM100

Minor
impact

News
shared
among
UTeM
residents

Severe
injury

< RM
1,000

Localise
d impact

Managemen
t level

12

15

Permanent
disability

< RM
10,000

Major
impact

KPT level

12

16

20

Death

> RM
10,000

Massive
impact

National
coverage

10

15

20

25

RISK RATING

HIGH (H)

MEDIUM
HIGH (MH)

MODERATE
(M)

TOLERABLE
(L)

SCORE

15 - 25

10 - 14

5-9

1-4

ACTION
1. Inform Top Management immediately
2. Eliminate immediately. No tolerance.
3. Require budget approval from Vice Chancellor
1. Notify the Faculty / Dean
2. Need to be destroyed or contained in 1 months
3. Require budget approval from Dean or OSH Committee
1. Require internal level solution
2. Communicate and reminder to UTeM citizen. Provide
notice and security enforcement
3. Control management such as Standard Operating
Procedure (SOP) and Job Safety Analysis (JSA). Rotation
system can be applied.
4. Control carried out within 3-6 months
5. Depending on annual fund and committee support
1. Risk can be accepted
2. Specific control unnecessary
3. Need recording and monitoring activities
20

HIRARCs FORM
TYPE
NO

SEQUENCE OF BASIC
JOB STEP

HAZARD
IDENTIFICATION

R=Routine
NR=Non
Routine

Hazard

Effect

RISK ASSESSMENT
CURRENT RISK
CONTROL

RISK CONTROL

RISK RANKING
Probability

Severity

Recommended Action
Score

Level

EXAMPLE OF FILLED HIRARCs

FORM

CONTROL PRINCIPLES
CAUSE

ROUTE

WORKER

Extermination
Replacement
Isolation
Engineering Control

Guarding
Hurdle
Shield
Engineering Control

Administrative Control
-Training and
Competence
-Job Rotation
PPE

Control
Mechanism
for Hazards
1. Elimination To eliminate hazard or any dangerous
working procedure
2. SubstitutionTo substitute or replace the hazard or
dangerous working procedure

Most
effectiv
e

3. Isolation To isolate hazard or dangerous working

procedure
i.e. To allocate X-Ray machine in guarded area
4. Engineering Control Design, to isolate from source
of danger, fence, obstruction
5. Administration ControlSafe working procedure,
work rotation
6. Personal Protective Equipment(PPE)

Less
effective

HIRARC Example

Cutting the grass using grass cutter machine.

HIRARC Example
Work

Activity : Cutting the Grass

Hazard
Effect

: Damage Cable

: Electric Shock

Probability
Severity
Risk

:5

:4

: 20

Control

Measures urged :