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Chapter 12 - 1
23.03.2015
rNa = 0.102 nm
rCl
= 0.181 nm
rNa/rCl = 0.564
C.N = 6 octahedral
Chapter 12 - 3
rO = 0.140 nm
rMg = 0.072 nm
rMg/rO = 0.514
Fluorite structure(AX2)(CaF2)
23.03.2015
AX Crystal Structures
AXType Crystal Structures include NaCl, CsCl, and zinc blende
Cesium Chloride structure:
Cs
Cl
0.170
0.939
0.181
Chapter 12 - 6
AX Crystal Structures
AXType Crystal Structures include NaCl, CsCl, and zinc blende
Zinc Blende structure:
Chapter 12 - 7
Fluorite structure
Antifluorite structure
positions of cations and
anions reversed
Chapter 12 - 8
ABX3 Crystal
Structures
Perovskite structure
Chapter 12 - 10
n(AC AA )
VC N A
Avogadros number
AA =
Chapter 12 - 11
Silicate Ceramics
Most common elements on earth are Si & O
Si4+
O2Adapted from Figs.
12.9-10, Callister &
Rethwisch 8e
crystobalite
Silicates
Bonding of adjacent SiO44- accomplished by the
sharing of common corners, edges, or faces
Mg2SiO4
Ca2MgSi2O7
Glass Structure
Basic Unit:
4-
Si0 4 tetrahedron
Si 4+
O2-
Quartz is crystalline
SiO2:
(soda glass)
Adapted from Fig. 12.11,
Callister & Rethwisch 8e.
Chapter 12 - 14
Layered Silicates
adjacentcharge
plane balanced
rich in positively
Negative
by
charged cations
Chapter 12 - 16
Chapter 12 - 17
layered structure
carbon atoms
Chapter 12 - 19
Imperfections in Ceramics
Electroneutrality (charge balance) must be maintained
cation
vacancy
Ca 2+
Na +
without impurity
Na +
Ca 2+ impurity
Ca 2+
with impurity
an ion vacancy
O 2-
without impurity
Cl -
Cl -
O 2- impurity
with impurity
Chapter 12 - 20
Cation
Interstitial
Cation
Vacancy
Anion
Vacancy
Frenkel
Defect
e QD /kT
Chapter 12 - 22
T.ble 1. Summaryof min eralopc.1 data of the most COmmoD c!)"tJllin. pluses
in
,"".ceramic
(http://''''''.w.bminenl.com
Otherwise, therer.rence,
0.
i, indicated)
,boll'D
Classifica
tioll
Pust
ZirtO
Il
Kgoiilic
att
Soro;j!
ic~te
Cycklsui
cale
IDoiilit
al!
Teaoiilic
ate
~impli
Ol:id.;
tVi!
lemitf
Mull
itt
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acite
Cordi
eriie
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oWtt
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l...
.~te
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O.
lZnO'Si
Ol
lAl,o,lSI
O;
lC,OM;OlS.O,
lMgO'W,o,?
SiO,
C,05i
O,
U,o'A!,O,4Si
O,
Leudt
e
CaO'AI,o,'lSi
O,
KA!(Sl.
()')
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nia
Zo
O,
Am ...
.
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.
no
,
no
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,
Ol
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titE
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Ol:idt;
Empirical
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Spill
d
Gilhn
ite 10\\'
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ZOOA1,
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rm!"oM'
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1)(!.oM H'",!
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Spac,
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140/"'
"
R
l
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rlPb!m
C
,em
PI
elk
[ll)
PI I If
14,/
a
P lJc
[ll)
P4/nmC
[ll)
14,/"'"
fIn-lm
P4[lS)
11'mt
m
R'
k
Fdl
Cubk
- Hi:h
Fdl
.
maJRa6
4"=
0s
1:091
o:cI:O.6
7
.:b:c099:1:0.
38
4',=1:06
4
.:b:c
I.H:I;0.9S
o:b:c1.08:1:0.
97
a:b:cl.Il:I:O.
62
a:b:c =
0.64;1;1.10
cc
'1;1.05
a:b:c0.99:1;1.0l
,=S.09
[lS)
Ill) 1:1.44
,:c'
[ll)
a:caljjl
"",.
1:0.64
I:C =
1:273
.,,:5
i.OS
"&.06
a=&.4
.u;l>l
Dll'i( MailP"ts
(d'Poem. ~~)
(!",ll
c. =
go.O]'
~'9Bi"
)'I014l'
~ '110.11'
4-9117'
J.20(1~ l.18(0.11).
404(0.6)
J.11(1~ J.44(0.8I).
SJ9(O.S)
~ = 99.23
l.I6(I~ 2.!
[lS)
3(O.8).2.6I(O.6)
191(1~ 1.II(O.Jl).
'6(lPJI(OJ
l~.I1
Ul(O.2)
l~
)
3jl(l~
J.B9(OJ3).1.J8(O.lJ)
l.J.j(l~ 1.69(O~11~(O.41)
1.69(1).
169(0.6).151(0.5)
144(1).2.02(0.7). )..13
(0.6)
l44(l~lJ6(O
1.43(0.4
~~
ChaptelSr S1(2!~L- 3)
P=IIS8S'
y91.11~
Chapter 12 - 24
Chapter 12 - 25
Chapter 12 - 26