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Progestin sebagai
Kontrasepsi dan Terapi
Kontrasepsi Hormonal
Kombinasi
Progestin
Kontrasepsi Hormonal
Kombinasi
Pil
Suntikan
Pil Kombinasi
Jenis
Cara Kerja
Mencegah implantasi.
Menghambat ovulasi.
Manfaat
Keterbatasan
Tidak mencegah
penyakit menular seksual termasuk
Hepatitis B maupun HIV/AIDS.
Mahal.
Repot.
Suntikan Kombinasi
Terapi Estrogen
Dosis Estrogen
- 1,25 mg/hari
mg/hari
mg/hari
Terapi Estrogen
Progesteron
Manfaat progesteron
Manfaat progesteron pd
masing2 organ sasaran
Progesteron sintetik
Struktur kimia mirip progestogen :
Turunan Pregnan
- tanpa gugus asetil (didrogesteron)
- tambahan gugus asetil (medroksiprogesteron asetat, megestrol
asetat, Siproteron asetat)
Penggunaan progesteron
Mengatur haid
BB
Mual, muntah
Eksaserbasi acne
Kontrasepsi hormonal
kombinasi
Pada umumnya pil kontrasepsi kombinasi
mengandung etinilestradiol dan
progestogen sintetik turunan testosteron.
Etinilestradiol memicu pembentukan
angiotensinogen di hati, yang selanjutnya
akan diubah ke angiotensin II. Angiotensin
II merupakan vasokonstriktor kuat dan
pemicu sekresi aldosteron di korteks
suprarenal. Aldosteron mengakibatkan
terjadinya retensi cairan.
Kontraindikasi absolut :
Kehamilan, thromboemboli,
tromboflebitis, gangguan sirkulasi
perifer,
yang past Perdarahan rahim tanpa
sebab, Lupus Eritmatosus,
anemia sickle cell.
Kontraindikasi relatif :
Kanker serviks, kanker endometrium,
KONTRASEPSI PROGESTERON
ONLY
Mechanism of action
1-Main mechanism is alteration of Cx mucous
volume of mucous
viscosity
ORAL PROGESTINS/
PROGESTIN ONLY PILL / MINIPILLS
Started on the 1st day of the menstrual cycle/ or any day if pregnancy
excluded
Typical use failure rate 5-10% (It must be taken the same time
every day)
Absolute Contraindications
Pregnancy
Current breast cancer
Relative Contraindications
Liver tumors
Breast-feeding women
POP TROUBLESHOOTING
1-Irregular bleeding
Switching toCOCP
(premarine) for
25 days
POP TROUBLESHOOTING
2-Missed pill
KONTRASEPSI
KOMBINASI
Mechanism of action
ethinyl estradiole
mestranol. Mestranol is converted in
the body to ethinyl estradiole
KONTRASEPSI ORAL
KOMBINASI
Formulations
KONTRASEPSI ORAL
KOMBINASI
Relative contraindications
endometrial ca
50%
risk of fibroids
Possibly ovarian
cysts
menstrual flow
anemia
bone mineral density
Possibly benign
breast disease
dysmenorrhea
Possibly colorectal
ca
peri-menopausal
symptoms
incidence of
salpingitis
acne
incidence or
severity of
hirsutism
4-Mood changes
RISKS OF COCP
1-Venous thromboembolism
Risk of VTE is higher during the 1st year of use than subsequent
years
The risk is attributed to the estrogen component of the pill & decline
with lower dosage
RISKS OF COCP
2- Myocardial infarction
RISKS OF COCP
3-Stroke
Some studies showed 2X risk of stroke
Smoking & HPT risk of stroke
4-Gallbladder disease
COCP secretion of cholic acid in bile incidence of gallstone
formation
No significant risk of gallstone formation in COCP users
5-Breast cancer
Still controversial
A large meta-analysis 1996 significant risk of breast ca in women
currently taking the COCP( Relative Risk 1.24 ) & in the 1 st 10 Y after
discontinuing it
RISKS OF COCP
5-Breast cancer
RISKS OF COCP
6-Cervical cancer
Probably due to risk of HPV (a major risk factor for cx ca) that
might be related to sexual behavior which differs in users & non
users of COCP
INITIATION
Patient assessment
Counselling