Reynolds Averaged NS Equations

P M V Subbarao
Professor
Mechanical Engineering Department
I I T Delhi

Reynolds Method to Diagnosize Symptoms of

Infected Flows....

Averaging of x-momentum Equation

p
u

uv u
x

u
p
uv u

x
U u '
U
u
U
u

U
u


u
p
uv u

uv U u V v

UV Uv u V u v

uu uv uw
UV

x
y
z

UV u v

u v u u i u vj u wk
u u u v u w
u u

UV Uv u V u v

u v u w

y
z


u
p
uv u

x
u U u
U u
U

Reynolds Averaged Steady Turbulent Momentum

Equations
Reynolds averaged x-momentum equation for steady incompressible
turbulent flow

p
u

uv u
x

u u u v u w
P

UV

x
y
z
x

u u u v u w
P

UV
U

The Reynolds View of Cross Correlation

Reynolds averaged y-momentum equation for steady incompressible

turbulent flow

vu vv vw
P

VV
V

Reynolds averaged z-momentum equation for steady incompressible

turbulent flow

wu wv ww
P

WV
W

Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes equations

U V W

0
x y z

u u u v u w
P

UV
U

vu vv vw
P

VV
V

wu wv ww
P

WV
W

Reynolds Stress Tensor

u 2 u v uw

2
R vu v
vw
wu wv w2

This is usually called the Reynolds stress tensor

u 2 u v u w

2
R u v v
vw
u w vw w2

Reynolds stresses : total 9 - 6 are unknown

Total 4 equations

and

4 + 6 = 10 unknowns

Time averaged Infected Navier Stokes

Equation
U
U
U
1 dp 2U 2U 2U
U
V
W

v
2 2
2
x
y
z
dx x
y
z

u '2 u ' v' u ' w'

y
z
x

For all the Three Momentum Equations, turbulent stress tensor:

( xx u '2 )

( xy u ' v') ( xz u ' w')

ij ,infected ( yx v' u ') ( yy v' ) ( yz v' w')

2
( zx u ' w') ( zy w' v') ( zz w' )

Reynolds stresses
Performing the Reynolds Averaging Process, new terms has arisen,
namely the Reynolds-stress tensor:

ij ,infection ij ui ' u j '

This brings us at the turbulent closure problem, the fact that we
have more unknowns than equations.
Three velocities + pressure + six Reynolds-stresses
Three momentum equations + the continuity equation
To close the problem, we need additional equations to solve
infected flow.

Derivation of Conservation Equations for Reynolds

Stresses
Derivations of Reynolds-stress conservation Equations

Introduces new unknowns

(22 new unknowns)

Simplified Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes equations

U V W

0
x y z

P
UV
t U
x

P
VV
t V
y

P
WV
t W
z

4 equations 5 unknowns

We need one more ???

Modeling of Turbulent Viscosity

Fluid property often called laminar

viscosity
t Flow property turbulent viscosity
constant t
mixing length

MVM

One - Eq.

Models based on t

TKEM Two

Eq.

MVM: Mean velocity models

TKEM: Turbulent kinetic energy
equation models
Free

High Re wall

bounded

k -

Low Re
Buoyancy

Curvature

k -

k -l

k - kl
k f

......

1 Layer

2 Layer
3 Layer