Nature

of
Public
Communicatio
n

Nature and process of public

communication
Public communication is an art of
sharing ideas orally coupled with financial
expressions and movements in a large body
of audience.
Man expresses ideas , facts, and feelings,
either in verbal or non-verbal manner. But
the combination of the languages is the
most effective means of communicating
ones message .

In public communication, verbal

communication is the sound
representation of language .as you
communicate orally ,you verbalized your
ideas. As students you have to say the
words according to their meaning. You
must shape your voice into meaningful
sounds. Sound
is generally the sensation that is
perceived through the ear.

Public communication is AudienceCentered

A presentation is not public
communication if there is no
audience.
Therefore, a speaker has to analyze
his/her audience, the receiving end
of the message
Successful public communication is
achieved when the desired effect on,
or action from the audience is
achieved.

Public communication develops

critical thinking
Critical thinking is an analytical and evaluative process,
using logic or reasoning to present information in a way
that is likely to provide understanding, change of belief
or uncover problems in another persons informative or
persuasive message.
In public communication, one should consider all the
elements the self as speaker, the audience, the
occasion, the pervading social, economic and political
situations and thus, with evaluation, logic and at
times, conformity, develops ones critical thinking skills
and allows one to apply them in his/her own
presentations.

With Public communication come

ethical responsibilities
Public communication is infused with the sense of ethical
responsibility. Knowledge of ethical issues helps in focusing
on the rightness and wrongness in human behavior. It does
not dictate what one has to do in a given situation, but it
does serve as a guide in what to consider in decision making.
In public communication, everything has ethical implications.
As a speaker, you must be careful of what you say and how
you say it so that you conform to ethical standards. The
audience expects the speaker to be honest and to stay true
to the facts. He is also expected to keep his information in
perspective, avoiding exaggeration and cite the source of his
information, to avoid slander when sharing negative
information and to give credit to other people and their
works.

Public communication is an
empowering activity
A mastery of public communication skills
enables one to present clearly complex
information and be understood by all
members of the audience.
Public communication is an empowering
activity because mastery of the necessary
skills puts one where one wants to be
whether it be getting a job of being
promoted or simply making people believe
and getting their trust.

Tasks : (1 whole sheet of

paper)
1. Based on the nature of public
communication, list some DOs and
DONTs in public speaking.
2. You are tasked to introduce a person
who provides you with a copy of his
own introduction. However, you
know the person and half of his
written introduction is fiction. What
would you do?

Steps in speech preparation

1.Select a topic
2.Analyze the audience and the occasion
3.Determining the specific speech purpose
4.Organizing and outlining the speech
5.Gathering supporting materials
6.Giving the speech impact through
language and style
7.Giving the speech impact through
audiovisual aids
8.Preparing for audience feedback

3 basic principles in Selecting the

topic
1. The topic to be selected is one in which you are
knowledgeable. A topic you are familiar with will
save you time in researching.
2. You must select the topic you are interested in. if
you are to choose a topic you are not interested
in, researching on it will be a drudgery, a bore.
3. The topic to be selected must interest the
audience. This will sustain their interest in the
topic during your presentation.
Note: Narrowing the topic would meet the 5 10
minute time limit common to speeches.

Scanning the Audience

Audience analysis was first
introduce by Aristotle in his work,
The Rhetoric.
It is important to analyze ones
audience so the topic would have an
impact on them and serve its
purpose.
According to Aristotle, the audience
would determine the end or objective
of the speech.

Determining the purpose

1. To entertain a speech to entertain
relaxes your audience by providing them
with a pleasant listening experience.
2. To inform a speech to inform enlightens
your audience by teaching them about
the topic to be discussed.
3. To persuade a speech to persuade is
delivered to move your audience toward
a new attitude or behavior.

Speech forms and Speech

Situation
SPEECH COMMUNICATION FORMS
o Two-person or Dyadic
communication
a. An informal conversation
b. Formal conversation
o Small group communication
o Large group

Two-person or
Dyadic

An informal conversation

Formal conversation

Small group communication

Large group

CONDITION FOR SUCCESSFUL

COMMUNICATION
Communication experts have
identified several factors that
affect the progress and outcome of
a communicative interaction.
These factors relate to the
speaker, the listener, the speaker
and the listener, and the
communicative situation.

Successful communication
begins
1. When the speaker can
clearly perceive the nature of
the problem or the topic at
hand
2. When he applies his know
ledge to help bring about the
objective

3. When he makes intelligent plans

for the event
4. When he can express his
thoughts in the most effective
language an
5. When he can act and think
logically under pressure, the last
one particularly significant in public
speaking

THE LISTENER
To be an effective participant in a
communication situation, the listener must
be physically, mentally, and emotionally
prepared to the listener to the speaker
message. In the process, he must study
the strengths and weaknesses of the
speakers message before reacting to it;
he must respond to the message when
given opportunity by asking questions or
by acknowledging some information; and
he must be able to recall facts, names and
ideas when needed.

THE LISTENER AND THE SPEAKER

When two or more people are
engaged in an exchange of ideas,
some variables help them in giving
and receiving ideas.
First, there must be some
commonalities in their experience
and background.
Secondly, the speaker must have
certain degree of credibility to hold
the attention of his listeners.

Third, power and status related closely

to each other and affect the manner in
which listeners think and behave in each
other presence.
Fourth, stimuli from the speaker in the
form of non-verbal clue such as bodily
movements.
Fifth, the message must be adapted to
the listeners in terms of subject matter,
substance, structure, and style without
giving up a logical scheme.

THE COMMUNICATIVE SITUATION

Although

the listener and the speaker hold

principal roles in communication some factors
can assist them playing their parts effectively.
These factors are:

1. The physical setting for the interaction

2. The past experiences of the speaker and the

listeners - The past experiences of listeners and
the speakers define the result of the discussion.

3. Cultural differences - Sensitivity to cultural

differences affects the progress of
communication.

4. Intervening stimuli noise is one of the most

common competing stimuli that distracts attention
and distorts a message.

5. The channel used in communication the

channel or the method of sending the message
affects the results of communication