Professional Documents
Culture Documents
&
VMAT
Sumrio
1. Introduo: A evoluo da radioterapia
2. Princpios gerais da IMRT
3. Diferentes modalidades IMRT
4. Anlise comparativa
5. Aplicaes clnicas
Descoberta Raios X,
por Rntgen
1910
1985
1925
2000
Equipamentos de kV:
400 kV
1935 50 kV
1990, MLCs
2005, VMAT
Simuladores
2D
1940
2015
1955
MegaVoltagem
KiloVolagem
Descobertas
Co
IMRT
1928
1913
1895 1903
1970
60
(16)
3D
1950
IMRT
1.Imobilizao do paciente
(79)
3.Segmentao de estruturas
4.Planeamento do tratamento
5.Verificao dosimtrica
6.Verificao do
posicionamento/Localizao do alvo
7.Realizao do tratamento
4
2.1
Planeamento do tratamento(1,1012)
Planeamento do tratamento
Sistemas de clculo de dose
TPS
Caractersticas do equipamento
Dados imagiolgicos do paciente
Planeamento direto(3,13)
Definidos pelo
dosimetrista
Planeamento inverso(3,13)
Algoritmos de otimizao(3,14,15)
Fator de importncia
Custos
Dose prescrita
Benefcios
Determinsticos
Boa resposta para funes custo sem
mnimos locais.
Estocsticos
Implementam estratgias que
permitem ultrapassar mnimos locais .
(11,16)
Abordagem Hbrida
Qual a intensidade dos feixes para cada incidncia?
(11)
(11)
a largura da lmina
a velocidade mxima do movimento das lminas/folhas
campo mximo do MLC
a fuga e transmisso a partir do MLC
9
(4,1619)
Rotacional: VMAT
Helicoidal:
Tomotherapy
Dinmica: Sliding
window
10
Anlise comparativa
(2,20)
Unidades de kilovoltagem,
Uso
1935
de Aceleradores Lineares, aps 1960
Planeamento 3D
Kilovoltagem 200 kV
Linac 2D
Linac
3D-CRT
Co
60
Linac IMRT
Linac VMAT
11
Anlise comparativa
(4,2123)
Tempo (minutos)
planeamento
IMRT
5-Campos
Sliding window
9-Campos
VMAT
Um arco
VMAT
Dois arcos
Tomotherapy
6,7-7,3
7,5-9,1
30-53
Distribuio de dose:
tratamento
ao PTV
em tecidos normais
3,8-4,3
Possvel esculpir
Aumento da dose
distribuies de dose
recebida pelo
paciente.*
5,2-5,9
1,4-1,7
Maior conformidade
47-62
44-101
2,8
Menor nmero de
MU
2,8-4,3
Maior
Maior nmero de
2,95
homogeneidade
MU
12
Anlise comparativa
Tecnologia
(24)
e
d
o MU normalizadas
p
TPS
LINAC
em e MU
t
o
d
o
r
a
l
e
e
r
m
Konrad
Siemens
Oncor
11 campos
800,44100,90
r
o
n
/
lh nto
e
M me
ta
a
r
t
Panther DAO
Siemens Artiste
11 campos
408,2717,97
11,182,64
7,070,72
Pinnacle
Siemens Oncor
11 campos
1059,63134,85
110,45
Sliding window
Eclipse
7 campos
1139,86239,45
10,51,00
VMAT
Monaco
Dois arcos
500,8271,59
11,81,44
Rapid Arc
Eclipse
Dois arcos
436,9236
2,480,01
Tomotherapy
Hi-Art
Tomotherapy
--
7,440,80
13
Aplicaes Clnicas
(23,25,26)
Aplicaes Clnicas
(27,28)
e-IMRT
Pode ser vantajoso no tratamento de tumores superficiais
15
Concluso
A introduo dos mtodos de IMRT revolucionou o
tratamento em radioterapia externa com feixes de fotes.
16
Bibliografia
1. Chao KSC. Practical Essentials of Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy. Third, None edition. LWW; 2013.
2. Thariat J, Hannoun-Levi J-M, Sun Myint A, Vuong T, Grard J-P. Past, present, and future of radiotherapy for the
benefit of patients. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2013;10(1):5260.
3. Webb S. The physical basis of IMRT and inverse planning. Br J Radiol 2003;76(910):67889.
4. Elith C, Dempsey SE, Findlay N, Warren-Forward HM. An Introduction to the Intensity-modulated Radiation Therapy
(IMRT) Techniques, Tomotherapy, and VMAT. J Med Imaging Radiat Sci 2011;42(1):3743.
5. Khan FM, Gibbons JP. Khans The Physics of Radiation Therapy. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2014.
6. IAEA. Transition from 2D to 3D CRT and IMRT [Internet]. Hum. Health Campus2013 [cited 2016 Apr 22];Available
from:
https://humanhealth.iaea.org/HHW/MedicalPhysics/Radiotherapy/ProgramImplementation/Transitionbetween2Dto3DC
RTandIMRT/index.html
7. Lee NY, S. A. Terezakis. Intensity-modulated radiation therapy. J Surg Oncol 2008;97(8):6916.
8. IMRT multiobjective optimization [Internet]. [cited 2016 Apr 29];Available from:
http://www.mlahanas.de/MedPhys/imrt/IMRTINtro.htm
9. Technologies | Centre dOncologie et Radiothrapie du Parc [Internet]. [cited 2016 Apr 29];Available from:
http://oncoradiothparc.fr/plateau-technique/technologies/
10. Prescribing, Recording, and Reporting Photon-Beam Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT). J ICRU
2010;10(1):NP-NP.
11. Rocha H, Dias JM, Ferreira BC, Lopes MC. Investigao operacional em ao: casos de aplicao. Coimbra:
Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra; 2014.
12. Lu L. Dose calculation algorithms in external beam photon radiation therapy. Int J Cancer Ther Oncol [Internet]
2013 [cited 2016 May 19];1(2). Available from: http://ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/view/Lu
13. Ma C. Inverse Planning [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2016 May 2];Available from: http://pt.slideshare.net/fovak/inverseplanning-presentation
14. Oelfke U, Nill S, Wilkens JJ. Physical Optimization [Internet]. In: Bortfeld T, Schmidt-Ullrich R, Neve WD, Wazer DE,
editors. Image-Guided IMRT. Springer Berlin Heidelberg; 2006 [cited 2016 May 4]. page 3145.Available from:
http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/3-540-30356-1_4
15. Mayles P, Nahum A, Rosenwald JC, editors. Handbook of Radiotherapy Physics: Theory and Practice. 1 edition.
17
Bibliografia
16. Schlegel W, Bortfeld T, Grosu A-L, editors. New Technologies in Radiation Oncology [Internet].
Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag; 2006 [cited 2016 May 5]. Available from: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/3540-29999-8
17. Hrdemark B, Liander A, Rehbinder H, Johan Lf. P3IMRT Direct machine parameter optimization [Internet].
2004;Available from: http://web.stanford.edu/class/cme304/docs/DMPO_whitePaper.pdf
18. Lafond C, Jouyaux F, Bellec J, Henry O, Perdrieux M, Chajon E, et al. Quelle RCMI? Du step and shoot au
VMAT: point de vue du physicien. Cancer/Radiothrapie 2010;14(67):53949.
19. Langen KM, Papanikolaou N, Balog J, Crilly R, Followill D, Goddu SM, et al. QA for helical tomotherapy: report
of the AAPM Task Group 148. Med Phys 2010;37(9):481753.
20. Morra R. Prostate cancer treatment: HT Vs VMAT [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2015 Apr 23];Available from:
http://www.eortc.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/S02-E02-Roberto-Morra-IT.pdf
21. Bzdusek K, Friberger H, Eriksson K, Hrdemark B, Robinson D, Kaus M. Development and evaluation of an
efficient approach to volumetric arc therapy planning. Med Phys 2009;36(6):232839.
22. Oliver M, Ansbacher W, Beckham WA. Comparing planning time, delivery time and plan quality for IMRT,
RapidArc and Tomotherapy. J Appl Clin Med Phys [Internet] 2009 [cited 2016 May 9];10(4). Available from:
http://www.jacmp.org/index.php/jacmp/article/view/3068
23. Tsai C-L, Wu J-K, Chao H-L, Tsai Y-C, Cheng JC-H. Treatment and dosimetric advantages between VMAT, IMRT,
and helical tomotherapy in prostate cancer. Med Dosim Off J Am Assoc Med Dosim 2011;36(3):26471.
24. Wiezorek T, Brachwitz T, Georg D, Blank E, Fotina I, Habl G, et al. Rotational IMRT techniques compared to
fixed gantry IMRT and tomotherapy: multi-institutional planning study for head-and-neck cases. Radiat Oncol
Lond Engl 2011;6:20.
25. Nishimura Y, Komaki R. Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy: Clinical Evidence and Techniques. Springer;
2015.
26. Infusino E. Clinical utility of RapidArcTM radiotherapy technology. Cancer Manag Res 2015;7:34556.
27. Mosalaei H, Karnas S, Shah S, Van Doodewaard S, Foster T, Chen J. The use of intensity-modulated radiation
therapy photon beams for improving the dose uniformity of electron beams shaped with MLC. Med Dosim Off J
Am Assoc Med Dosim 2012;37(1):7683.
18
20
20