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Prof. Dr. Ridad Agoes, dr., MPH.

, SpPark

Departement of Microbiology and


Parasitology Faculty of medicine
Universitas Padjadjaran

Zoonosis is a group of diseases

commonly
found among vertebrate animal capable of
infecting human, and vice-versa.

Based on this definition, 2 group of

classification are known: zooanthroponosis


and anthropozoonosis.

Viral Zoonosis
Bacterial Zoonosis
fungal/mycotic Zoonosis
Parasitic Zoonosis

Zoonosis by

parasitic

protozoa

Zoonosis by parasitic
helminthes

Zoonosis by ectoparasites

BALANTIDIASIS
CRYPTOSPORIDIASIS
GIARDIASIS
PNEUMOCYSTOSIS
SARCOSPORIDIOSIS
TOXOPLASMOSIS

ANGYOSTRONGYLIASIS
ASCARIASIS SUUM
DIPYLIDIASIS
DIROFILARIASIS
FASCIOLIASIS
HYDATIDOSIS
HYMENOLEPIASIS
LARVA MIGRANS

LINGUATULIASIS
PHYSALOPTERIASIS
SCHISTOSOMIASIS
SPARGANOSIS
STRONGYLOIDIASIS
TAENIASIS SAGINATA
TRICHINOSIS
TRICHSTRONGYLIDIASIS

ACARIASIS
MYIASIS
SCABIES
INFESTATION BY TICKS DAN MITES

Angiostrongyliasis is a zoonotic disease


commonly found among rodents. Also
known as rat lung worm.
Species infecting man are
Angiostrongylus cantonensis and A.
costaricensis.
Reported first from a young patient from
Taiwan suspected of meningitis in 1945.

A. cantonensis cases can be found among

rodents from India and Thailand in the north to


Tahiti, Hawaii, Okinawa and as far south as New
Caledonia

A. costaricensis is found in the

Caribbean, Costa
Rica and other areas of America such as Mexico,
Middle and South America. First reported in 1971

Intermediate hosts include crabs, prawns,


Planaria and certain vegetables

In man
Man is infected by accidentally ingest 3rd stage larva of A.
cantonensis found in snails or eat intermediate host which ingest
the snail.

In intermediate host
The definitive host are rodents like Rattus rattus, Bandicota indica,
and Sigmodon hispidus. The adult stage is found inside the
pulmonary artery. Larva enters the respiratory tract and exits with
the feces. It survived for one week in the water

In man
Headache, paresthesia, stiff neck,
coughing, dyspnea eosinophilia. Hardly
any fever. Sometimes facial paralysis.
In animal
In infected rodents, respiratory problem
(sneezing, cough), beside paraplegia
and movement in circle

Treatment
No DOC available for A. cantonensis. The disease
is self limiting although relapse occurs. For A.
costaricensis, thiabendazole or mebendazole is
worth considering

Prevention
Rat control
Clean washing of all raw vegetables before
consumption

Thorough cooking of all foodstuff

Epidemiology

Found in Indonesia,
PR of China, Taiwan
and Vietnam
Habitat

Primarily in the small


intestine, duodenum
and jejunum
Segmentina sp.
Sumber : Color Atlas of Medicine and Parasitology. 1977
W. Peters & H.M. Gillers

1st intermediate host

Due to trauma : - inflammation and ulceration of


intestinal mucosa

Due to obstruction :

(large number of parasites)


disturbance of intestinal fluid secretion

Caused by

toxin release: - parasite releases toxic

substances
oMild infection : diarrhea, stomach ache
oHeavy infection : gastric pain, asthenia,
general toxic syndromes and complaints of
allergy. Occasional light anemia, eosinophilia,
leucocytosis
oDeath due to intoxication

Treatment
Tetrachlor ethylen or Hexylresorcinol
Prevention
Treat all patients and all pigs
Eradicate all snails and water plants
Thorough cooking of snail hosts
before consumption

Has not been


reported from
Indonesia
Resides in ileum
of human, dogs,
and cats
Adult worm 3
10m, can be as
long as 60m, with
3000-4000
proglotids.

Clinical Symptoms
Disease: diphyllobothriasis
Usually asymptomatic, can cause abdominal
pain, weight loss, diarrhea,
vomiting,deficiency of
vit B12.
Treatment
Niclosamide, praziquantel, bithionol, atabrin
Prevention
Avoid ingestion of undercooked fish

Habitat: small intestine


Definitive hosts:
rats, also common in
humans
Intermediate hosts:
grain beetle or flea
Epidemiology :
cosmopolite, found in
Indonesia
Adult worms 10-60 mm long, 35 mm wide, have 800-1000
proglotids.
Eggs without the polar
filaments, sized 60-80m.

*Transmission
Transmission or infection occurs by ingestion of infected beetles
or other arthropods, usually in grains and cereals

*Pathogenesis
Symptoms, if any, are mild, and usually include diarrhea,
nausea, and slight abdominal pain

*Diagnosis
Recovery of characteristic eggs in feces

*Treatment
Niclosamide, Praziquantel

*Prevention
Limit exposure of grains and cereals to rats and insects.

Synonym
Double-pore dog tapeworm
Definitive hosts
Cats and dogs,, also found in
humans small intestine.
Intermediate hosts
Dog/cat flea; Ctenocephalides
canis and C.felis.
Infection to man occurs especially
among children from accidentally
swallowing dog flea infected with
cysticercoid stage larva or when a dog
is allowed to lick his owner

Treatment
Treatment method in man is similar with treating
other tapeworms i.e. by giving praziquantel or
niclosamide. In dogs and cats, praziquantel or
bunamidine is given beside flea control
Prevention
Cleanliness and environmental sanitation where
dogs and cats defecates
Thorough cleaning and vacuuming of carpets
and seat covers
Avoid licking by dog and regular flea control of
dogs

The migration of nematode larvae especially

nematodes of animals into human where the


larvae cannot develop into adulthood

The larvae unable to complete their normal


development are distributed in the tissues and
eventually die and are destroyed by the cells of
the host
Usually caused by animal nematodes infected to
man where in here can not develop to be adult
worm
Man be the paratenic host

CLM is a dermatitis caused by the


invasion of human skin by larvae of
animal nematodes, characterized
by serpiginous intracutaneous
lesions

Felt to itch especially nighttime


especially extremity, earn sekunder
bacterium infection

Can accompany lung infection

Filariform larvae of dog and cat hookworm


Ancylostoma braziliensis account for most
infections
Other cause
A.
A.

caninum
duodenale

Necator

americanus

Gnathostoma

spinigerum

Strongyloides

stercoralis

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The various methods of treatment


include freezing by the ethyl
chloride spray or carbon dioxide
snow, the application of ethyl
acetate collodion to deprive the
larva of oxygen, the local injection
of chloroquine, emetine or atabrine

Systemic administration of
hetrazan, antimonial and arsenical

Secondary bacterial infection antibiotics

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Is a clinical syndrome resulting from the invasion of human viscera by


nematode larvae, usually the adult of which are parasitic in lower animal

Dog and cat ascarids of the genus Toxocara are apparently the most
common cause of the disease (dog ascarid T. canis and cat ascarid T.
cati)

Aberrant human Ascaris, Strongyloides and hookworm larvae may


occasionally produce the syndrome

Especially attack child old age 1-4 year


The larva have been found in the liver, brain, aye, lungs, spinal cord,
myocardium, kidney and lymph nodes

Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati

Are widely distributed throughout the word

Adult female worm, pass numerous eggs into their hosts feces

In moist soil the eggs become embryonated in several weeks and


for the life cycle hereinafter like Ascaris cycle

In man, larvae hatching from ingested embrynated Toxocara eggs


penetrate the intestinal mucosa and are carried by bloodstream to
the liver, lungs and other organs and here they wander for weeks
and months causing inflammation and stimulating the production
of eosinophilic granulomata

Trias Visceral Larva Migrans :

1. Hepatomegaly (forming of granuloma)


2. Persistent eosinophilia (20-80) %
3. Hyperglobulinemia (especially gamma
globulin)

Treatment is still in experimental


phase
Symptomatic treatment;
diethylcarbamazine (DEC),
thiabendazole, or mebendazole can
be tried.
Prophylactic measures include
prevention or reduction of
environmental contamination with

Notice the larvae and tumor-like mass in


posterior part of the eye.

ADULT WORM
Morphology like Ascaris
lumbricoides but measure
smaller (1/3 x A.
lumbricoides)
Head has alae cephalic
Male (3,6-8,5) cm, the
posterior end is curved
ventrad
Female (5,7-10) cm, the
Source :A Colour
Atlas ofis
Clinical
Parasitology. Yamaguchi T.
posterior
end
straight
Alih Bahasa : Lesmana Padmasutra, dkk.

EGGS
Measure

80 x 70 m,

round
Specific outer wall
like lace, or like
perforated

Source :Atlas Parasitologi Kedokteran oleh : Zaman V.


Alih Bahasa Anwar C. dan Mursal Y.

Source : Atlas Parasitologi Kedokteran. 1994


Juni Prianto, Tjahaya P.U., Darwanto

Larvae are
found in Asia
(Indonesia,
Malaysia,
Thailand,
and Japan).
Larvae
normally do
not reach
sexual
maturity in
humans.

Eosinophilia, other symptoms


depend on the infected organs.
Infected skin will show symptoms
resembling those of creeping
eruption, edema, and moving
erythem
Infected eye will show uveitis, iritis,
or hemorrhage

Diagnosis:

* Skin biopsy.
* Serological test.
* Persistent eosinophilia.
Treatment and Prevention:

* Surgery.
* Cook fishes well (larvae of Gnatostoma

spinigerum will die on heating above 70C


for 5 minutes).
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