Endocrine System

Control of Our Bodies Homeostasis

Engage
You will be viewing some video clips from
Sideshow: Alive On The Inside. Within
these clips you will see various types of
endocrine disorders.
If you are interested in viewing more
endocrine system oddities, you can read
the book Freak Show: Presenting Human
Oddities for Amusement and Profit by
Robert Bogdan.

Explore
Explore 1
Using your text and other resources, you
will familiarize yourself with the endocrine
glands and their functions by completing
the endocrine system worksheet.
Explore 2
Role Play: The Rise and Fall of Glucose

Section 39-2

Explain
The Endocrine
System
regulates

Metabolism

Calcium
and glucose
levels

Response
to stress

by means
of the

by means
of the

by means
of the

by means
of the

Testes

Thyroid

Growth

Water
balance

Reproduction

by means
of the

by means
of the

Pituitary

Ovaries

Pancreas

Parathyroids

Adrenals

Explain
List 4 types of endocrine glands and
give their function.
What is the overall function of the
endocrine system?
With what other systems does the
endocrine system interact?

Exocrine or Endocrine
Exocrine release products
(enzymes) into ducts

Ex) Sweat, tears, digestive juices

Endocrine directly to bloodstream;

NO DUCTS
Ex) Hormones

Endocrine System
Glands release products to
bloodstream directly.
Horomones products deliver
messages to body
Target cells have specific
receptors for specific hormones

Endocrine Glands
Section 39-1

Hypothalamus
The hypothalamus makes
hormones that control the
pituitary gland. In addition, it
makes hormones that are stored
in the pituitary gland.
Pituitary gland
The pituitary gland produces
hormones that regulate many of the
other endocrine glands.
Parathyroid glands
These four glands release
parathyroid hormone, which
regulate the level of calcium
in the blood.
Thymus
During childhood, the thymus
releases thymosin, which
stimulates Tcell development.
Adrenal glands
The adrenal glands release
epinephrine and nonepinephrine,
which help the body deal with stress.

Pineal gland
The pineal gland releases melatonin, which
is involved in rhythmic activities, such as
daily sleep-wake cycles.

Thyroid
The thyroid produces thyroxine, which
regulates metabolism.
Pancreas
The pancreas produces insulin and glucagon, which
regulate the level of glucose in the blood.
Ovary
The ovaries produce estrogen and progesterone.
Estrogen is required for the development of secondary
sex characteristics and for the development of eggs.
Progesterone prepares the uterus for a fertilized egg.

Testis
The testes produce testosterone,
which is responsible for sperm
production and the development of
male secondary sex characteristics

Pituitary Gland
Master gland

Controls the other

endocrine glands

Growth Hormone (GH)

Too much
gigantism
Too little dwarfism
Antidiuretic (ADH)
Stimulates kidneys
to keep water

Hypothalamus
Part of brain and attached to
pituitary
Controls pituitary secretions

Thyroid

THYROID GLAND
Regulates

Metabolism and energy balance

Thyroid Hormones
Thyroxine

Regulates body energy usage

Calcitonin

One hormones that regulates calcium

and phosphate in blood

Questions
What are the two hormones that the
thyroid secretes?
What is the function of thyroxine?
What is the function of calcitonin?

Parathyroid

Calcium Regulation
PARAthyroid Glands
PTH-Parathyroid hormones
Increases calcium, phosphate, and
magnesium absorption in intestines.
Causes bones to release calcium and
phosphate
Causes removal of calcium and magnesium
from urine by kidneys
Increases the making of Vitamin D in body

Negative Feedback
Mechanism
Our body uses feedback mechanism
to maintain homeostasis within our
body.
Regulation of calcium is one example
of this process.
Can you think of another one? Hint:
Role Play Activity

Questions
PTH cause the small intestine to
absorb more calcium, _____ and
_____.
What does PTH cause the bones to
release?
What do the kidneys do because of
PTH?

Adrenal Gland
Releases hormones to deal with stress

Adrenal Gland Cont.

Cortex

Produces more than

2 dozen steroid
hormones
corticosteriods

Medulla

fight or flight
Epinephrine and
norepinephrine

Glucose Regulation
Two Ways:
1. Eating Regularly
2. Hormone Adjustments

Pancreas:
Endocrine and Exocrine
What did the pancreas do in digestion?
Secreted Enzymes
Pancreas also secretes hormones
Endocrine glands
- ductless organ that releases hormones
DIRECTLY into the bloodstream.

Questions
What do exocrine glands secrete?
What do endocrine glands secrete?

Blood Glucose Level

Pancreatic Hormones regulate blood
sugar level before and after meals.
Islets; clusters of cells in pancreas

Alphasecrete glucagon increases sugar

Beta secrete insulin decreases sugar

What Happens?
Between meals
Blood glucose lowPancreas secretes
glucagonLiver changes glycogen to
glucoseglucose sent to target tissues
After a meal
Blood glucose highPancreas secretes
insulinGlucose goes to the Liver(Glygogen) and
goes to Target tissues

Questions
What organ regulates glucose in blood?
When we eat our blood glucose level is high
or low?
In between meals our blood glucose level is
high or low?
When our blood glucose is high the
pancreas secretes ___________.
When our blood glucose is low the
pancreas secretes ___________.
What mechanism allows our body to
control the glucose level in our body?

Diabetes
Diabetes

High sugar levels in blood

Do not produce enough insulin to control
blood sugar
Some take insulin injections to regulate

Reproductive Glands

Production of gametes
Secretion of sex hormones
Female Ovaries - Estrogen
Males Testes - Testosterone

Elaborate
You will perform various
investigations with plant hormones to
better understand human hormones.
You will be working with hormones
that stimulate and inhibit plant
growth.