Tropospheric And

Stratospheric Ozone,
Benefits And Damages
BY: Syed Asghar Ali 36699

What Is Ozone?
Ozone (O3) is a reactive gas that exists in two layers of
the atmosphere, the stratosphere (the upper layer) and
the troposphere (ground level to ~1015 km.
Ozone is associated in particular with the type of air
pollution events that often associated majorly with
automobile emissions.
Ozone itself is colorless and invisible.
Ozone is formed throughout the atmosphere in
multistep chemical processes that require sunlight.

Tropospheric Ozone
The troposphere extends from the Earth's surface to
between 12 and 20 km above sea level.
Tropospheric ozone is a greenhouse gas and initiates
the chemical removal of methane and other
hydrocarbons from the atmosphere.

Effects
Reaction with daylight ultraviolet (UV) rays and these precursors
create ground-level ozone pollution (Tropospheric Ozone).
Irritation of the respiratory system, causing coughing, throat
irritation, and/or an uncomfortable sensation in the chest.
Reduced lung function, making it more difficult to breathe deeply.
Breathing may become more rapid and more shallow than normal.
Aggravation of asthma. When ozone levels are high, more people
with asthma have attacks that require a doctor's attention or use of
medication. One reason this happens is that ozone makes people
more sensitive to allergens, which in turn trigger asthma attacks.

Benefits
The troposphere provides several important benefits
which are as under:
It holds nearly all of the water vapor in the Earth's
atmosphere.
Regulates temperature and produces weather.
This layer also features the heaviest weight of all Earth
atmosphere layers, comprising approximately 75
percent of the total atmospheric weight.

Stratospheric Ozone
Earth's stratospheric ozone layer can contains about 90
percent of the ozone in the atmosphere.
This layer makes the planet habitable by absorbing
harmful solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation before it reaches
the planet's surface.
The stratosphere is the second major layer of Earth's
atmosphere, just above the troposphere, and below the
mesosphere.
The amount of water vapor in the stratosphere is very
low, and because of this there are no clouds in the
stratosphere.

Effects
The thinning of the stratospheric ozone shield and the resulting increase in UV-B
radiation reaching the earth are expected to have direct health effects on
humans.
Exposure to the ultraviolet radiations in sunlight plays a major role in the
premature appearance of aging of the skin.
Dryness and wrinkles in the skin are brought on by solar exposure.
The incidence of all kinds of skin cancer, which constitute the commonest form
of cancer among white populations, will increase with more exposure to
ultraviolet-B.
Cataracts may be a more widespread health effect of ultraviolet-B radiation than
skin cancers, because all populations will be affected. A cataract occurs when
the normally translucent lens of the eye becomes cloudy and scatters light so
that vision is impaired.

Benefits
Stratospheric ozone protects the biosphere from
damaging excessive doses of Ultraviolet Radiation (UV).
Decreases in UV Radiation that could to harm to human
health and animal health impacts.
Absorbs UV Radiation from the sun, which can cause
skin cancer.
Absorbs UV Radiation that can damage crops, and can
destroy marine life.

Conclusion
Ozone is formed throughout the atmosphere in multistep chemical
processes that require sunlight. Ozone is a pollutant of concern because it is
associated with extensive health effects, most notably associated with the
respiratory system. Ozone is also a pollutant of concern because it can
affect both forests and agricultural crops. Ozone levels in urban areas during
pollution events are believed to be high enough to affect human health.
The troposphere is the atmospheric layer closest to the earth. It is often
referred to as the lower atmosphere. This layer holds the densest
composition of gases and molecules. Almost all of our weather is created
within the troposphere. The stratosphere is just above the troposphere,
starting at an average altitude of about 7 miles above sea level. The air
present is drier and less dense.
Aircraft often fly in the lower stratosphere to escape the turbulence present
in the troposphere.

THANK U