First Aid

From Jayraj Rutwik Kurush Dushyant Divas

Introduction on First Aid

Help given to a sick or injured person until full medical treatment is

available

Points To Be Discussed

Fever

Vomiting

Asthma

Chocking

Drowning

Safety First Is Safety Always

Fever

Introduction : an abnormally high body temperature, usually

accompanied by shivering, headache, and in severe instances

Fever is also known as Pyrexia

Temperature above the normal body temperature

Normal Body Temperature 37 degree Celsius

High Fever 39.4C(103F) to 41.1C(106F)

Causes

Virus

Bacterial infection

Heat exhaustion

Extreme sunburn

Heat Stroke

Symptoms

Feeling cold when nobody else does

Shivering

Anorexia - lack of appetite

Dehydration - preventable if the patient drinks plenty of fluids

Depression

Lethargy

Problems concentrating

Sleepiness

Sweating

Temperature Analysis

Treatment

Antibiotic

NS Aids(non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs)

Fluid Intake

Prevention Is Better Than Cure

Chocking

Chokingistheinabilitytobreathebecausethetracheaisblocked,
constricted,orswollenshut.

It is a MEDICAL EMERGENCY.

Common cause of death.

It creates obstacle to respire.

According to the medical dictionary about 3000 people die due to

chocking.

Causes Of Chocking

MECHANICAL
OBSTRUCTION

TISSUE
SWELLING

CRUSHING
OF THE
TRACHEA

Symptoms

Laboured breathing .

Unable to speak.

Fever.

Coughing.

Restlessness.

Graph indicating the death of young

children due to chocking in USA (20012009)

Graph indicating the causes of chocking due to

different type of food intake

Treatment

The victim should be taken immediately to the hospital.

Heimlich Maneuver and Tracheotomy should be done immediately to the

victim.

Drowning Vocabulary

Drowning death within 24 hours

Near-drowning survival past 24 hours

Who ?

Usually young, healthy individuals

Costal Areas

Swimming Pools More Likely

Young Adults

Alcohol

40% adult drownings

75% boat drownings

Treatment

Resuscitation

Removal from water

Time optimizes outcome

C-spine protection

CPR ASAP

Prevention

Infants

Toddler

Parental vigilance
Pool fencing

Adolescent/Young Adult

Control Alcohol/Drug Use

Swimming lessons

Elderly

Same as infant/toddler

Asthma

Introduction : Asthmaisacommonlongterminflammatorydiseaseofthe
airwaysofthelungs.Itischaracterizedbyvariableandrecurringsymptoms,
reversibleairflowobstruction.Symptomsincludeepisodesofwheezing,coughing,
chesttightness,andshortnessofbreath.Theseepisodesmayoccurafewtimesa
dayorafewtimesperweek.Dependingonthepersontheymaybecomeworseat
nightorwithexercise

Signs and symptoms

Wheezing

Shortness of Breath

Tightness if Chest

Causes

Environmental

Genetic

Medical Conditions

Asthma Affected Areas

Rates of asthma in different countries of the world as of 2004.

<1%
12%
23%
34%
45%
56%
67%
78%
810%
1012.5%
12.515%
>15%
As of 2011, 235330 million people worldwide are affected by asthma.

Prevention

Fully take part in exercise and sports.

Have the clearest lungs possible.

Have few or no side effects from asthma medications.

Have no emergency visits or stays in the hospital.

Know yourasthma triggersand minimize contact with them.

Take yourasthma maedicationsas prescribed.

Vomiting

It is the powerful ejection of the contents present in the stomach.

It is a result of irritation or infection of the digestive system caused due

to intake of foods or drinks contaminated with bacteria,virus or fungi.

It may also cause severe dehydration and fluid electrolyte imbalance,if

not treated may lead to serious consequences like shock.

Vomiting is not a disease but it is a symptom of many diseases.

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OfStCharlesthefirstSaintoftheCounterReformation

Causes

Overeating.

Blocked intestinal tract.

Severe cough.

Illnesses like fever.

Pregnancy

Strong odours

Food poisoning.

Motion sickness

Excess intake of Alcohol

First Aid

Reassure the person and advise the patient to take slow and deep
breaths

Give the person lots of clear fluids

Do not take milk and diary products. This may induce vomiting

A BRAT DIET: bananas , rice ,apple sauce without sugar , toast , potatoes
and pasta can be given after 24 hours.

Anti-emetics can be administered.

If the vomiting persists then take the person immediately to the medical
personnel

Thank You