PROJECT

Design And Manufacturing Of

Portable Lifesaving Water Filter
A d v i s o r : D r. A m j a d H u s s a i n

TALAL OMER RASHEED

2013-IM-55

TITTLE

FILTRATION
TECHNIQUES
AND REVERSE OSMOSIS ROLE

AGENDA
1

Simple Ways To Filter Contaminants Out Of Water

Membrane Filter Technology

Analysis Of Reverse Osmosis Technology

{1

Simple Ways To Filter Contaminants Out Of

Water

Sand, Gravel, and Charcoal

Filtration

Pouring water through

sand, gravel, or
charcoal are simple
and inexpensive
methods of cleaning
water
BRIKKE, F.; BREDERO, M. (2003): Linking Technology Choice with
Operation and Maintenance in the context of community water supply
and sanitation, WATER TREATMENT, A Reference document for
planners and project staff, World Health Organization and IRC Water
and Sanitation Centre Geneva, Switzerland

Sand and gravel filtration

Sand, gravel, and charcoal dont

filter out some contaminants, like

Bacteria
Viruses
Industrial Pollutants
Agricultural Pollutants
Salt

BRIKKE, F.; BREDERO, M. (2003): Linking Technology Choice with Operation and
Maintenance in the context of community water supply and sanitation, WATER
TREATMENT, A Reference document for planners and project staff, World Health
Organization and IRC Water and Sanitation Centre Geneva, Switzerland

How Can We Trap Smaller

Contaminants?

{2

Membrane Filter Technology

MF, UF, NF, RO

 A membrane is a thin material that has pores (holes) of a specific

size
Membranes trap larger particles that wont fit through the pores of the
membrane, letting water and other smaller substances through to the
other side

There are four general categories of membrane

filtration systems

Micro-filtration
Ultra-filtration
Nano-filtration
Reverse Osmosis

1998 Workshop on Emerging Drinking Water Contaminants National Research Council, (September 30, 1999), Identifying Future
Drinking Water Contaminants, Edition 1, National Academies Press, Washington, D.C.

1998 Workshop on Emerging Drinking Water Contaminants National Research Council, (September 30, 1999),
Identifying Future Drinking Water Contaminants, Edition 1, National Academies Press, Washington, D.C.

Salty water cannot support

life.People cant drink it and
plants cant use it to grow

How RO
Works

Osmosis is a natural process that moves water

across a semipermeable membrane, from low to
high concentration until the concentrations are equal

To move water from a more concentrated area to a

less concentrated area requires high pressure to
push the water in the opposite direction that it flows
naturally

Michael E. Williams,(2003), A Brief Review of Reverse Osmosis Membrane Technology

EET Corporation and Williams Engineering Services Company, Inc.

ADVANTAGES

Reverse osmosis is a pressure-driven process so no energyintensive phase changes or potentially expensive solvents or
adsorbents are needed for RO separations.

Reverse osmosis is a process that is inherently simple to

design and operate compared to many traditional separation
processes.

Also, simultaneous separation and concentration of both

inorganic and organic compounds is possible with the RO
process.

DISADVANTAGES

High pressure is required to

push the water through the
smallest pores

Because pores are so small,

big particles can clog them

APPLICATIONS
In addition to the traditional
seawater and brackish water
desalination processes, RO
membranes have found uses in

wastewater treatment
production of ultrapure water
water softening
food processing

A Series of Filtrations Increases Efficiency

THANK YOU