CNC SYSTEM HARDWARE

&
FEATURES

CNC MACHINE
MACHINED

CNC
SYSTEM
PART
PROGRAM
%
N1G00G71G90;
N2 G01X-5.6F400;
N3 X-6.3 Z3.6;
N4 M03 S800;
N5 G01 Z-6.7;
;

N20 M05 M30;

DRIVES &
ELECTRICALS

PART

MACHINE
TOOL

MACHINE FUNCTIONS CONTROLLED BY

CNC SYSTEM

AXIS FUNCTIONS

ON / OFF CONTROL

POSITION CONTROL

VELOCITY CONTROL

SPINDLE FUNCTIONS

ON / OFF CONTROL

DIRECTION CONTROL

SPEED CONTROL

TOOL SELECTION / TURRET INDEXING

WORKPIECE CLAMPING / PALLET CHANGING
COOLANT ON / OFF
LUBRICATION ON / OFF
MACHINE TOOL SAFETY INTERLOCK

SUBSYSTE MS OF A CNC SYSTEM

CNC SYSTEM

DRIVES & ELECTRICALS

RS 232 INTERFACE
DISPLAY
UNIT

PERIPHERAL
INTERFACE
(MMI OR HMI)
COMMANDS

SYSTEM
KEYBOARD

AXES OR
SERVO
CONTROLLER

POS. F/Bs
FROM M/C
TOOL
COMMAND

TAPE
READER/
PUNCH

SPINDLE
CONTROLLER

I/O
CONTROLLER
(PLC)

F/B FROM
M/C TOOL
OUTPUTS
INPUTS
OUTPUTS
INPUTS

MACHINE TOOL

DRIVES AND ELECTRICALS

CNC SYSTEM

DRIVES & ELECTRICALS

COMMANDS

MACHINE TOOL

POWER TO
AXES MOTORS

ENABLE
VEL. F/Bs
FROM
M/C TOOL

AXES
DRIVES

COMMANDS

POWER TO THE
SPINDLE MOTOR

ENABLE
VEL. F/Bs
FROM
M/C TOOL

SPINDLE
DRIVE

OUTPUTS

INPUTS

SWITCHING
ELEMENTS
(M/C MAGNETICS)

OUTPUTS

ELECTRICAL ELEMENTS ON THE MACHINE TOOL

CNC SYSTEM

DRIVES & ELECTRICALS

POWER TO
AXES MOTORS
VELOCITY F/Bs

MACHINE TOOL
AXES MOTORS
WITH
POSITION
& VELOCITY
FEEDBACK

POS. F/Bs TO
CNC SYSTEM

POWER TO THE
SPINDLE MOTOR
VELOCITY F/B

SPINDLE MOTOR
WITH POSITION
& VELOCITY
FFEDBACK

OUTPUTS

ACTUATORS,
MISCELLANEOUS
MOTORS
INPUTS

SENSORS
I/Os

INPUTS / OUTPUTS

MACHINE
OPERATOR
PANEL

POS. F/B TO
CNC SYSTEM

CLASSIC SERVOLOOP

POSITION LOOP
D/A Converter
changes following
Accumulator holds error to analog
following error
voltage

Interpolator issues
position commands

Position feedback is
subtracted from
position command
to provide following
error

VELOCITY LOOP

Slide
Servo Motor

Amplifier

Speed feedback is
subtracted from
speed command
Tacho

Position Transducer
Monitors Position

CNC SYSTEM TYPES

CNC SYSTEMS FOR
o
o
o
o
o

LATHES
MACHINING CENTER
TURN MILL CENTER
GRINDING
PUNCH PRESS

SYSTEM TYPES
o T - TURNING
o M - MILLING, MACHINING CENTER
o G - GRINDING

CNC SYSTEMS
MANUFACTURER

COUNTRY

MODEL

ALLEN BRADLEY

U. S. A

ALLEN BRADLEY
8610, 8650, 9/PC

CINCINNATI MILACRON

U. S. A

ACRAMATIC 950, 2100

FAGOR

SPAIN

FAGOR 800, 8025, 8050

FANUC

JAPAN

FANUC 15i/150i, 16i/160i, 18i/180i,

21i/210i

FANUC INDIA

INDIA

FANUC 0 , 0i

HEIDENHAIN

GERMANY

TNC 155, 426, 430

HMT

INDIA

HIMUMERIK 2000, 2100, 3100

NUM

FRANCE

NUM 1040, 1050, 1060

SINUMERIK 840C ELEMENTS

CONTROL PANEL OF MAZATROL FUSION

640 CNC SYSTEM

INTERFACES TO MAZATROL FUSION

640
Ethernet Card /
Modem Card

PCMCIA Type Slot

3.5Inch FDD

PS/2 Mouse

Parallel Port
PS/2
Keyboard

Serial(RS232C) Port

CNC SYSTEM FEATUERS

AXIS, SPINDLE AND I/O CONTROL FEATURES

OPERATING FEATURES

PROGRAMMING FEATURES

KEYBOARD AND DISPLAY FEATURES

COMMUNICATION FEATURES

COMPENSATION FEATURES

SAFETY AND DIAGNOSTIC FEATURES

AXIS, SPINDLE AND I/O CONTROL

FEATURES

AXIS CONTROL

NUMBER OF AXIS CONTROLLABLE

NUMBER OF AXIS SIMULTANEOUSLY CONTROLLABLE

SYSTEM RESOLUTION

FEEDREATES

SPINDLE CONTROL

MAXIMUM SPINDLE SPEED

AUTO GEAR SELECTION

I/O CONTROL

MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTIONS

TOOL FUNCTIONS

SPINDLE FUNCTIONS

OPERATING FEATURES
BASIC OPEATING MODES
PROGRAM ENTRY
OTHER FEATURES
CONTINUOUS JOG
INCREMENTAL JOG
CYCLE START
FEED HOLD
HOMING / REFERENCING
TEST RUN
DRY RUN
FRO, SSO
TOOL RETRACT AND RECOVER
SEQUENCE NO. SEARCH

PART PROGRAMMING FEATURES

o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o

INCH / METRIC PROGRAMMING

ABSOLUTE / INCREMENTAL PROGRAMMING
DWELL
FPM / FPR PROGRAMMING
CONSTANT SURFACE SPEED
LINEAR / CIRCULAR / HELICAL INTERPOLATION
FULL CIRCLE PROGRAMMING
SUBROUTINE PROGRAMMING
CANNED CYCLES
USER MACROS
SCALING
COORDINATE SYSTEM ROTATION
AXIS INTERCHANGING
PARAMETRIC PROGRAMMING
BLUE PRINT PROGRAMMING

KEYBOARD AND DISPLAY FEATURES

KEYBOARD FUNCTIONS
SYSTEM KEYBOARD
MACHINE CONTROL PANEL

DISPLAY FEATURES
DISPLAY OF VARIOUS SCREENS LIKE

POSITION
MACHINE STATUS
PART PROGRAM
OFFSETS
PARAMETERS
ALARMS AND MESSAGES
PROGRAMMED TOOL PATH (GRAPHIC SIMULATION)

COMMUNICATION FEATURES
UPLOAD / DOWNLOAD OF PROGRAMS
MACHINE STATUS MONITORING
REMOTE CONTROL

COMPENSATION FEATURES
TOOL LENGTH COMPENSATION
TOOL OFFSET
CUTTER COMEPENSATION
PITCH ERROR COMPENSATION
BACKLASH COMPENSATION

SAFETY AND DIAGNOSTIC FEATURES

POWER UP DIAGNOSTICS
REMOTE DIAGNOSTICS
RUN TIME DIAGNOSTICS
CNC SYSTEM CONTAINS MONITORING FUNCTIONS FOR FAULT DETECTION IN
NC
THE INTERFACE CONTROL
MACHINE
MONITORING FUNCTIONS EXIST IN FOLLOWING AREAS

FORMAT
MEASURING CIRCUIT CABLES
ENCODERS AND DRIVES
SPINDLE SPEED
CONTOUR
VOLTAGE
MICROPROCESSORS
ENABLE SIGNALS
SERIAL INTERFACES
VOLTAGE LEVEL OF THE BACK-UP BATTERY
TRANSFER BETWEEN NC AND PLC
MEMORY

ADVANCED FEATURES OF CNC

SYSTEM

MODULARITY
INTEGRATED DIGITAL SERVO
ADAPTIVE CONTROL
CLOSED LOOP MACHINING
CONVERSATIONAL PROGRAMMING
3D GRAPHICS SIMULATION
BACKGROUND EDITING
MACHINE STATUS MONITORING
TOUCH SCREEN INTERFACE
CONTEXT SENSITIVE ON-LINE HELP
SHORT MESSAGE SERVICE (SMS)

MACHINE PARAMETERS
USED TO MATCH CNC SYSTEM TO THE MACHINE TOOL
ENTERED IN CNC SYSTEM DURING INTERFACING
RESIDE IN SYSTEM MEMORY
ENTERED THRU PARAMETER EDITOR OR DOWNLOADED
THRU SERIAL LINK
EXAMPLES:

o DRY RUN, REFERENCING, MAXIMUM FEEDRATES

o G CODES ASSUMED AT POWER UP
o PULSE EVALUATION
o IN POSITION TOLERANCES
o GAIN FACTORS
o SOFTWARE LIMITS
o SAFE ZONE PROGRAMMING
o COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL
o DRIFT COMPENSATION
o BACKLASH COMPENSATION
o LEADSCREW COMPENSATION

SOFTWARE HIERARCHY
CONTROL
SOFTWARE

*
NC
SOFTWARE

APPLICATION
SOFTWARE

SUPPORT
SOFTWARE

NC
PLC
WINDOW

PLC
SOFTWARE

SYSTEM
SOFTWARE

INTERNAL
ERROR
CHECKING

MACHINE
DIAGNOSTICS

* Items shown dashed are not part of the basic System Software

DIAGNOSTIC
SOFTWARE

POWER-UP
DIAGNOSTICS

SERVICE
DIAGNOSTICS

Thank You