Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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QUANTITATIVE
Multiple realities
Single reality
Reality is objective
Reductionistic
Strong theoretical base
Holistic
Reasoning is inductive
Develops theory
Tests theory
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QUANTITATIVE
Meaning of concepts
Measurement of variables
Process oriented
Outcome oriented
Control unimportant
Control important
Rich descriptions
Uniqueness
Generalization
Trustworthiness of findings
Control of error
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Literature review
Explicating researchers beliefs
Role of participants: subject or informant?
Selection of participants
Setting for data collection
Approach to data analysis
Saturation
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A. Literature Review
Conducted after the data have been collected
and analyzed
Rationale for delaying the literature review:
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C. Subject or Informant?
People being studied are viewed as participant
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D. Selection of Participants
Method is called purposive sampling
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Investigator should:
be nonintrusive
spend a prolonged time in the field
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F. Data Analysis
Researcher immerses self in data to bring
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G. Saturation
Refers to a situation in data analysis where
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METHOD
STUDY FOCUS
ANALYTIC
FOCUS
DISCIPLINES
Ethnography
culture/cultural
group
describe a
culture/cultural
group
Cultural
Anthropology
Grounded
Theory
cultural groups
generate theory
about a basic
social process
Sociology/
Symbolic
Interaction/
Criminology
Phenomenology
individual
experience
discern the
essence of the
lived experience
Philosophy/
Psychology/
Sociology
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construction of fatherhood
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Participant observation
In-depth interviews
Focus group interviews
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Steps Involved in
Participant Observation Research
A. Gaining entry into the group
B. Developing and maintaining rapport
C. Developing a method for taking field notes
D. Integrating data collection and data analysis
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observation method
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ii.
iii.
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Weaknesses:
One or two participants may dominate
Not done in a natural setting, so little
observation to help understand the
experience of the participants
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A.
B.
C.
D.
Domain Analysis
Taxonomic Analysis
Componential Analysis
Theme Analysis
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2.
3.
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