Professional Documents
Culture Documents
SEMI-PRESIDENTIAL
2
FORMATION OF A FEDERATION
A FEDERATION is an aggrupation
of at least THREE States which
agreed to transfer or share their
sovereign powers among
themselves:
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Provincial
Cities
Municipal
State Government
State Government
Supreme Court
Court of Appeals
Trial Court
Federal
Parliamentary
Senate
National
Assembly
Parliament
District
State
Parliamentary
State Government
Unicameral State Parliament
AGGREGATIVE AND
DISAGGREGATIVE FEDERALISM
AGGREGATIVE FEDERALISM
occurs when two existing sovereign
States agreed to form a Federation by
entering a Treaty or an international
agreement.
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AGGREGATIVE AND
DISAGGREGATIVE FEDERALISM
DISAGGREGATIVE FEDERALISM
occurs when a single/unitary sovereign
State desires to transfer or share its
sovereign power by revising its
Constitution and forming at least two more
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itsNLEown
territorial jurisdiction.
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PEOPLE
GOVERNMENT
TERRITORY
SOVEREIGNTY
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
OF STATES
The Right of Existence, Integrity and Selfpreservation
The Right of Sovereignty and
Independence
The Right of Equality
The Right of Property
and Jurisdiction
The Right of Legation or of
Diplomatic Intercourse
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WHAT IS A
CONSTITUTION?
It is a Written
Instrument by which
the FUNDAMENTAL
POWERS of
GOVERNMENT are
established, limited
and defined, and by
which these powers are
distributed among
several DEPARTMENTS
and AGENCIES for their
safe and useful exercise
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POWERS OF
GOVERNMENT
LEGISLATIV
E
EXECUTIVE
JUDICIAL
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METHOD
DIRECT CONGRESSIONAL
ACTION
CONGRESS, acting as a
Constituent Assembly, may
directly propose revision or
amendments by a
VOTE of THREE-FOURTHS
(3/4) of
AMENDMENT
broadly refers to a
CHANGE that adds,
reduces, or deletes
without ALTERING
the basic principle
involved in the
Constitution.
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METHOD
CONSTITUTIONAL
CONVENTION
CONGRESS,
acting as a Constituent
Assembly,
may call a CONSTITUTIONAL
CONVENTION by a
VOTE OF TWO-THIRDS
(2/3)
OF ALL ITS MEMBERS
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IMPLEMENTING LAW
1) The Law must appropriate the
FUNDS that will be needed
by the Con-Con.
2) The Law can prescribe the
QUALIFICATIONS and
DISQUALIFICATIONS of the
Con-Con delegates.
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REVISION
Any change to a new form or system of government
may only be accomplished through a REVISION
(not mere amendment) of the present
Constitution.
Federal
Unitary
Presidential
UnitaryPresidential
Parliamentary
FederalParliamentary
SemiPresidential
SemiPresidential
19
PEOPLES INITIATIVE
METHOD
DIRECT PROPOSAL
by the people through initiative
upon a PETITION of at least
12% OF THE TOTAL
NUMBER OF REGISTERED
VOTERS NATIONWIDE, of
which every Legislative
District must be represented
by at LEAST 3% OF THE
20
REGISTERED VOTERS
21
SENATE
Un
ive
rsa
l
ly
E
L
HEAD of the
EC
STATE & CHIEF
D TE
EXECUTIVE
HOUSE OF
REPRESENTAT
IVE
22
CONTROL
S:
Constituent
Ministrant
Functions
Powers
CONTROLLED
BY:
Congress
President
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24
25
The CHANGE of
GOVERNMENT can
BEGIN NOW By
Adopting A
PARLIAMENTARY
FORM
SEMIPRESIDENTIAL
OR MODIFIED
PARLIAMENTA
RY FORM
CHANGE TO
FEDERAL
SYSTEM
The CHANGE to
PARLIAMENTARY OR TO
SEMI-PRESIDENTIAL
FORM can be effected
immediately without
much problem
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VERTICAL DYNAMICS
VERTICAL
SYSTEM and
HORIZONTAL
FORM
HORIZONTAL DYNAMICS
TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL
15 MOST CORRUPT NATIONS
NORTH KOREA
SOUTH SUDAN
VENEZUELA
SOMALIA
AFGHANISTAN
SUDAN
IRAQ
LIBYA
HAITI
ERITREA
SYRIA
TURKMENISTAN
30
ANGOLA
GUINEA-BISSAU
YEMEN
TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL
15 LEAST CORRUPT NATIONS
DENMARK
FINLAND
SWEDEN
NORWAY
SWITZERLAND
SINGAPORE
LUXEMBOURG
UNITED KINGDOM
AUSTRALIA
NEW ZEALAND
CANADA
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ICELAND
NETHERLANDS
GERMANY
BELGIUM
PHILIPPINE PARLIAMENTARY
EXPERIENCE
The
AMERICANS
introduced the
current
PRESIDENTIA
L SYSTEM
The 1973
CONSTITUTI
ON was
introduced by
the MARCOS
GOVERNMEN
T
An
AMENDMENT
in 1981
shifted to
FRENCHSTYLE SEMIPRESIDENTIA
L SYSTEM
A Council of Government
took the form of a
Parliament headed by
APOLINARIO MABINI
An
AMENDMENT
was later on
introduced in
1976
NATIONAL
ASSEMBLY
32
PROPOSED
SEMIPRESIDENTIAL
OR MODIFIED
PARLIAMENTARY
FORM
Fusion of Powers
LEGISLATIVE
POWER and
EXECUTIVE
POWER vested in
a UNICAMERAL/
BICAMERAL
PARLIAMENT
PRESIDENT TO BE
UNIVERSALLY ELECTED WITH
RUN OFF ELECTIONS. PRIME
MINISTER, and CABINET all come
from PARLIAMENT/NATIONAL
ASSEMBLY
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TERMS AND
QUALIFICATIO
NS
COLLEGE
GRADUATE
CURRENT SYSTEM
THREE-YEAR terms
with a maximum of
THREE
CONSECUTIVE
PROPOSED
TERMS
CONSTITUTION
FIVE-YEAR terms with
NO TERM LIMITS
25 year old
minimum age
34
Prime
Minister
35
Commander-in-Chief / Military
powers
Amnesty to:
Executive Clemency like
amnesty and
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SEPARATION OF
POWER causes
intense rivalry and
competition for power
between the executive
and legislative in a
system that has
turned very
adversarial
E.g. CONGRESSIONAL
INVESTIGATIONS of
executive policies and
actions, which
unnecessarily delay and
obstruct legislation.
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DOWNSIDES OF THE
PRESIDENTIAL
SYSTEM
PRESIDENTIAL
SYSTEM ALSO
FEATURES A
PARTY SYSTEM
THAT IS WEAK,
UNDEMOCRATIC,
UNSTABLE, AND
NOT
PROGRAMLEADERS
AND
ORIENTED
POLITICAL
PARTIES HAVE
NO IDEOLOGIES
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DOWNSIDES OF THE
PRESIDENTIAL
SYSTEM
DETERIORATION
IN THE QUALITY
OF NATIONAL
LEADERS
ELECTION
CORRUPTION
DUE TO THE
EXPENSE
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DOWNSIDES OF THE
PRESIDENTIAL
SYSTEM
INSTABILITY
PEOPLE POWER
MILITARY
INTERVENTION
CONSTITUTIONA
L AMENDMENTS
TO EXTEND
PRESIDENTIAL
41
TENURE
TRANSITION TO
FEDERALISM
The New Constitution
must contain the following Provisions:
1. Allowing the parliament to create autonomous
regions of compact, contiguous and adjacent
provinces and cities; and/or to create autonomous
territories of some provinces or other political units;
2. Allowing the enactment of organic laws for each
autonomous regions or autonomous territories
based on the petitions emanating from each
respective regions or territories;
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TRANSITION TO
FEDERALISM
The New Constitution
must contain the following Provisions:
3. Allowing the expansion of powers to be transferred or
shared by the national government to the autonomous
governments in every regions or territories by revising the
organic laws concern;
4. Allowing the conversion of the autonomous regions to
become regional federal states (sub-national units) with
their organic laws being transformed into state constitutions;
5. The national parliament shall approve each and every
organic law or state constitution before they are submitted
for approval in a plebiscite by the registered voters in every
autonomous regions or territories concerned.
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TRANSITION TO
FEDERALISM
The New Constitution
must contain the following Provisions:
6. When at least two autonomous regions have been
transformed into regional federal states, the national
government shall be transformed into a federal
government of the Republic of the Philippines;
7. No federal states can exit from the federation and
become an independent state without the approval
of at least 4/5 of all the members of the Regional
Federal State parliament and by the majority votes
of all the registered voters in the Regional Federal
State concerned.
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Shared
Health
Education
Environmen
t
Social
Welfare
Energy
Tourism
IMPACT ON PRESENT
SYSTEM
Frontline
Service
Delivery
Better
Politics
26% Poverty
Incidence
20 Poorest
Better
Governanc
e
Peace
Agenda
IMPACT ON PRESENT
SYSTEM
Anti-political
dynasties
Campaig
n finance
reform
Political
party
reform
Overhaul
of
COMELEC
Common: Fix
Politics
P
A
R
L
I
A
M
E
N
T
ORGANIC
LAW
ON
AUTONOM
OUS
TERRITORI
ES
HOW TO ENSURE
(1)
INCLUSIVE, MULTISTAKEHOLDER
(2)
INFORMED, MULTIPLATFORM
(3)
(4)
REVISIONS NOT
AMENDMENTS
HOW TO ENSURE
(5)
(6)
(7)
DO THE NUMBERS
FISCAL MATTERS
(8)
METRICS OF CHANGE
www.conform2federalism.com
www.federalismacademy.com
PDu30-CORE to FEDERALISM
201654
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