You are on page 1of 49

Pollution

Group Members :
Bong Min Youn
Chai Hui Min
Lim Wei Na
Voon Mun Sze

WHAT
is
POLLUTION
???

occurs when pollutants


contaminate the natural
surroundings which
brings about changes
that affect our normal
lifestyles adversely.
Pollutants are the key
elements of pollution
which are waste
materials of different
forms.
Pollution disturbs our
ecosystem and the
balance in the
environment.

Air
Pollutio
n

Land
Pollutio
n

Type of
Pollutio
n

Sound
Pollutio
n

Water
Pollutio
n

A. Air Pollution
The most prominent and dangerous form
of pollution.
occurs when gases, dust particles, fumes
(or smoke) or odour are introduced into
the atmosphere in a way that makes it
harmful to humans, animals and plant.
Anything additional gas, particles or
odours that are introduced into the air
(either by nature or human activity) to
destroy this natural balance.

Factors
Emissions from industries and
manufacturing activities
There are long tubes (chimneys)
erected high into the air, with lots of
smoke and fumes coming out from it.
Waste incinerators, manufacturing
industries and power plants emit high
levels of carbon monoxide, organic
compounds, and chemicals into the air.

Burning fossil fuels.


Cars and heavy duty trucks, trains,
shipping vessels and airplanes all
burn lots of fossil fuels to work.
Fumes from car exhauts contain
dangerous gases that cause great
harm to people who breath them.

Household and Farming


Chemicals
Crop dusting, fumigating homes,
household cleaning products or
painting supplies, over the counter
insect/pest killers, fertilizer dust emit
harmful chemicals into the air and
cause pollution.

Mining Operations
Operations, like mining and truck
traffic, are some of the top causes of
air pollution.
These activities release carbon
monoxide, sulfur dioxide and nitrous
oxide into the air which contribute to
development of smogand various
health problems.

Effects
Acidification
cause harm to vegetation and buildings.
When acid rain falls over an area, it can
kill trees and harm animals, fish, and
other wildlife.
When acid rain infiltrates into soils, it
changes the chemistry of the soil making
it unfit for many living things that rely on
soil as a habitat or for nutrition.

Eutrophication
Rain can carry and deposit the
Nitrogen in some pollutants on rivers
and soils.
This will affect the nutrients in the
soil and water bodies.
Algae growth in lakes and water
bodies, and make conditions for
other living organism harmful.

Shortterm
effects
Irritation to eyes,

nose and throat,


and upper
respiratory
infections,
headaches,
nausea and
allergic reactions,
aggravate the
medical
conditions with
asthma and
emphysema.

Longterm
effects
Chronic
respiratory
disease, lung
cancer, heart
disease, damage
to brain, nerves,
liver and kidneys
and aggravate
medical
conditions in
elderly.

Ways to Solve
Save energy around the house.
Saving energy can reduce carbon
emissions.
Most energy sources require burning
fossil fuels.
Set the appliances and lights on
timer to turn off after a certain period
of inactivity.
Use compact fluorescent bulbs
instead of standard lightbulbs.

Recycle and re-use things.


This will minimize the dependence of
producing new things.
Manufacturing industries create a lot
of pollution, so if we can re-use
things like shopping plastic bags,
clothing, paper and bottles, it can
help.

Praticing carpooling
Encourage family and
freinds to use the bus,
train or bike when
commuting.
There will be less cars
on road and less fumes
if we practicing
carpooling.

Introducing green energy.


Governments throughout the world
have already taken action against air
pollution by introducing green
energy.
Investing in wind energy and solar
energy, as well as other renewable
energy, to minimize burning of fossil
fuels, which cause heavy air
pollution.

Buy smart
Buy the environment products
including enegy efficient lighting and
appliances.
Choose efficient, low-polluting
models of vehicles.
Buy rechargeable batteries for
devices used frequently.

B. Water Pollution
is the contamination of water
bodies(lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers
and groundwater), very often by
human activities.
occurs when pollutants (particles,
chemicals or substances that make
water contaminated) are discharged
directly or indirectly into water
bodies without enough treatment to
get rid of harmful compounds.

Factors
Sewage from
domestichouseholds, factories
and commercial buildings.
Sewage that is treated inwater
treatment plants is often disposed
into the sea.
Sewage can be more problematic
when people flush chemicals
andpharmaceutical substances

Dumping solid
wastes and littering
by humans in rivers,
lakes and oceans.
Littering items include
cardboard, aluminum,
plastic and glass.
These items will cause
water pollution.

Industrial waste from factories


use freshwater to carry waste from
the plant into rivers, contaminates
waters with pollutants such as
asbestos, lead, mercury and
petrochemicals.

Effects
Sewage, fertilizer, and agricultural runoff contain organic materials that when
discharged into waters will increase the
growth of algae, which causes the
depletion of oxygen.
The low oxygen levels are not able to
support most indigenous organisms in
the area and therefore upset the natural
ecological balance in rivers and lakes.

Ways to solve
Stop polluting water ways.
This can start by building awareness
of the various ways the water is
being significantly polluted.
Solving water pollution would require
the problem to be addressed on the
individual level and then also at the
state or federal level with stronger
regulation of corporations.

Be careful about what you throw


down your sink or toilet.
Dont throw paints, oils or other forms
of litter down the drain.
Diapers and other flushed items could
eventually end up dirtying the oceans
if you do so.
In addition, they can damage water
treatment efforts.

Dont throw litter into rivers,


lakes or oceans.
Help clean up any litter you see on
beaches or in rivers and lakes
make sure it is safe to collect the
litter and put it in a nearby dustbin.

Take great care not to overuse


pesticides and fertilisers.
This will prevent runoffs of the
material into nearby water sources.
By having more plants in your garden
you are preventing fertiliser,
pesticides and contaminated water
from running off into nearby water
sources.

C. Noise Pollution
Noise is generally used as an
unwanted sound, or sound which
produces unpleasant effects and
discomfort on the ears.
Not all noise can be called noise
pollution.
If it does not happen reqularly, it only
can be termed as Nuisance.
Humans and animals are affected by
noise pollution.

Factors
Household Sources
Examples: food mixer, grinder, vacuum
cleaner, washing machine, hair dryer,
cooler and air conditioner.
Loud speakers of sound systems and
television, and ipods from neighbours
or family.
Neighbours dog barking all night at
every shadow it sees.

Social Events
Places of workship, discos and gigs,
parties and other sosial events that
can create a lot of noise.
In the markets, many people sell
goods with loud speakers or shout
out offers to get customers.

Commercial and Industrial Activities


Printing presses, manufacturing
industries, construction sites, contribute
to noise pollutions.
In many industries, it is a requirement
that people always wear earplugs to
minimize their exposure to heavy noise.
People who work with lawn mowers,
tractors and noisy equipment are also
required to wear noise-proof gadgets.

Transportation
Aeroplanes flying over houses and
houses close to the airport.
There are trains, LRT ,vehicles that
cause noise pollution.

Effects
Hearing
Impairment of hearing.
Prolonged exposure to impulsive
noise to a person will damage their
eardrum, which may
result in a permanent hearing.

Effects on General Health


Anxiety and stress reactionand in
extreme cases fright.
Headaches, irritability and nervousness,
feeling of fatigue and decreases work
efficiency.
For example, being pounded by the siren
of fire fighters, police or ambulance in
your city all night everyday leave people
(especially elderly people) stresses and
tired in the morning.

Ways To Solve
Construction of soundproof
rooms
Encourage construction of
soundproof rooms for noisy machines
in industrial and manufacturing
installations.
At home, noisy machines should be
installed far from sleeping and living
rooms, like in a basement or garage.

Authorities should strengthen


the law on the noise pollution.
Avoid make horn at the silence zones
school, colleges and hospitals.
Use of horns with jarring sounds,
motorbikes with damaged exhaust
pipes, noisy trucks to be banned.

Set up a place as industrial area.


Industry need to be located far away
from residential area.

D. Land Pollution
Deterioration (destruction) of the
earths land surfaces, often directly or
indirectly as a result of mans activities
and their misuse of land resources.
It occurs when waste is not disposed off
properly, or can occur when humans
throw chemicals unto the soil in the
form of pesticides, insecticides and
fertilizers during agricultural practices.

Factors
Agricultural sources
These include waste matter
produced by crop, animal manure,
and farm residues.
They also include the chemical left
over of all pesticides, fertilisers and
insecticides used for agricultural
activities.

Ashes
When waste is burned in incinerators,
two types of ashes are produced.
Bottom ash is the debris from burnt
metal and glass waste. Bottom ash
are not bio-degradable.
Fly ash is the ash that is trapped by
filters in the chimney of the
incinerators. It is know to be very
toxic (poisonous).

Garbage or waste
These include household or municipal
waste such as glass, metal, cloth,
plastic, wood, paper, and so on.
Some of these can decay and others
cannot.
They are usually collected and sent to
landfills where the pollution action
begins.

Deforestation
This is when trees are cut down for
economic purposes, mining, farming
and construction.
Cutting down trees mean that the
land is exposed to direct sunlight and
rain, resulting in soil erosions,
desertification and land degradation.

Effects
Health problem
o Cause problems in the human
respiratory system.
o Cause problems on the skin.
o Cause various kinds of cancers.

Environmental Problems
o Very bad smell and odour in the
town.
o Landfills breed rodents like rats, mice
and insects, who in-turn transmit
diseases.
o Landfills in towns do not attract
tourists to the town. The town will
loose revenue.

Ways to Solve
Organise Campaign reduce,
recycle and reuse.
Make people aware about the
concept of Reduce, Recycle and
Reuse.
Encourage the usage of recycle bag
instead of plastic bags.

Personal litter should be


disposed properly.
Household waste should be
separated at home for recycling.
Once it is mixed up, it becomes more
difficult to separate different
components for recycling.

Encourage organic gardening.


Eating vegetables that grown without
the use of pesticides.
Reduce the use of pesticides and
fertilizers in agricultural activities.

Straighten the rule to the


illegal logging of trees.
Illegal logging should be punished by
penalty or sent into prison in the
severe cases.
Authorities need to replant the trees
after logging.
Government have to increase the
activities of reforesting.

References
http://www.conserve-energy-future.com/
causes-effects-solutions-of-land-pollu
tion.php
http://
www.conserve-energy-future.com/Pollu
tionTypes.php
http://
eschooltoday.com/pollution/air-pollution
/causes-of-air-pollution.html
http://

http://www.gogreenacademy.com/cau
ses-and-effects-of-water-pollutio
n/
http://www.water-pollution.org.uk/
preventingyou.html
http://life.gaiam.com/article/3-way
s-help-reduce-water-pollution
http://
www.conserve-energy-future.com/c
ategory/pollution

You might also like