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Culture Documents
systematic
program
that
when
TRANSMISSION OF INFECTION
The two principle modes of disease transmission in which
infectious diseases are acquired in dentistry.
1. contact
A- direct contact: human-human touch. Contact with
microorganism at the source.
B- indirect contact: human-object/animal-human touch.
Contact with contaminated items such as surfaces especially
dental office equipment and/or instruments including
contaminated sharps.
2. droplet infection
A- splatter of blood, saliva or nasal secretions onto broken
mucosa or skin.
B- airborne by aerosols of microbes.
Components of infection
control
Immunization
Patient screening
Hand hygiene
Barrier technique
Needle and sharp instrument safety
Instruments sterilization and disinfection
Surface disinfection and general operatory
asepsis
Radiographic asepsis
Laboratory asepsis
Disposal of contaminated waste
1. Immunization
Dental
2. Patient screening
Complete medical history should be taken
3.
Hand
hygiene
1- PROTECTIVE
OVERGARMENTS
Protective clothing (e.g., gowns, lab coats)
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2MASKS
Masks protect the face from splatter and prevent
inhalation of aerosols.
Aerosols are airborne debris, smaller than 5m
in diameter, that remain suspended in air.
Splatter are larger blood contaminated droplets
which may contain sharp debris.
A mask should have a bacterial filtration
efficiency of 95% or more.
It should have a close fit around the entire
periphery.
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4-All clinical
GLOVES
personnel must wear treatment gloves during
all procedures.
Types:
1. Examination/treatment gloves (latex or vinyl)
2. over gloves
3. Under gloves (cotton gloves worn under treatment gloves
for operators with discomfort to the skin), they are to be
replaced for every patient and washed with outerwear.
4. Surgical gloves
5. General purpose utility gloves
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Nonsterile exam
gloves
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Sterilization
three categories
( critical, semi-
Critical instruments
Surgical and other instruments that touch
EXAMPLES :
Surgical instruments
Periodontal scalers
Scalpel blades
Forceps
Burs
Semi-critical instruments
Instruments that touch mucous membranes,
EXAMPLES :
Mirrors.
Amalgam condensers.
Dental handpieces .
Non-critical instruments
Contact intact skin only and cleaned by
EXAMPLES :
x-ray heads.
Face-bows
Blood pressure cuff.
Methods of cleaning
(washing)
Drying
The cleaned instruments should be dried to
Packing
It protects the sterilized instruments from
contamination
Includes: self sealing paper, biofilm peel
method of sterilization.
Methods of sterilization
1. Steam vapor under pressure (autoclave)
For sterilization to be effective, items being
Cold sterilization
Used with the plastic items that are
Surface
disinfection
1- Iodophors
2- Alcohols
3- Synthetic phenol compounds
4- Sodium hypochlorite (household bleach)
PRECAUTIONS TO AVOID
INJURY EXPOSURE
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Type of bags
Waste material
Yellow bag
Red bag
Blue bag
Black bag
Discarded medicines,
incineration ash, chemicals
used in disinfection