Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Mental Health
& Mental Illness
What is
Mental Health??
What is
Mental Health??
History
Significance
Behavior
Thinking
Perception
Physical
Emotion
Signaling
Thinking difficulties
or problems
focusing attention
Extreme emotional
highs and lows
Sleep problems
mental disorder
or a mental illness .
CAUSES
of mental illness??
COMPLICATED!!
+
Genetics
Environment
Brain Disorder
Do you ever
Do you ever
Perspectives
Sense of Responsibility
Sense of Self-reliance
Sense of Direction
A Set of Personal Values
Sense of Individuality
Mental Well-Being
Lack of a mental disorder
Cultural and religious considerations
Environmental mastery
Undistorted perception of
reality
Integration
Autonomy
Growth, self-development
and self-actualization
Attitude towards Self
the
the
Models
Illness
of
Mental
Spiritual Model
Moral Character Model
The Statistical Model
The Disease/ Medical/ Biological Model
Genetics
Neuroimaging
Neurobiology
Psychological Models
Psychodynamic Model
The Behavioural Model
The Cognitivebehavioural Model
Existential / Humanistic Model
The Social Model
Psychosocial Model
The Social Learning Model
Family Therapy Model
Biopsychosocial Model
Thinking
Processes
Learned
Behaviours
Emotional
Processes
Biological
Processes
Spiritual Model
Moral Character
Model
Genetics
Genetic models of mental disorder
suggest that psychopathology is inherited
from parents, and there is certainly
evidence for the familial transmission of
Psychological Models
Psychodynamic Model
The Behavioural Model
The Cognitive-behavioural Model
Psychodynamic Model
The Behavioural
Model
This system believes that, only the study of directly
observable behavior, the stimuli and reinforcing conditions
that control it could serve as a basis for understanding human,
behaviour, normal or abnormal. The behavioural perspective
is organized around a central theme: the role of learning in
human behaviour.
Humanistic / Existential
Model
The humanistic model sees mental health problems as a
signal that an individual is failing to reach his or her
potential and that psychological growth has stopped.The
humanistic perspective views human nature as basically
good. It emphasizes present conscious processes paying
less attention to unconscious processes and past causes
and places strong emphasis on each persons inherent
capacity for responsible self-direction. Its emphasis is thus
on growth and self-actualizing rather than on curing
diseases or alleviating disorders. The humanistic model
does not believe in labeling people by diagnosing them as
having specific mental disorders.
The social model suggests that the ways in which societies are
organized, not just biological and psychological characteristics of
individuals, must be considered as causal factors in mental illness. It
does not argue that people should not be held responsible for their
behaviour because they are victims of society, but they do
suggest that social structure imposes restrictions on behaviour as
surely as biological inheritance and that the effects of social
conditions on mental illness need to be understood, to explain both
individual distress and how that distress might be related to larger
forces. The social model regards social forces as the most important
determinants of mental disorder.
Psychosocial Model
Laing & Esterson (1964) were among the first British writers to express the
view that individuals with mental illness were the victims of a pathological
family process. Family therapy usually begins by an approach that encourages
all members of the family to work together in resolving the conflict. The
process is designed to identify and change relationships where necessary.
Attention is paid to family interactions, especially to alignments and discord
and the engagement and disengagement of the different group members.
Double Bind
Schisms and Skewed Families
Pseudomutual and Pseudohostile Families
Expressed Emotion
Biopsychosocial Model
Integration of:
Biological
Social
Biopsychosocial Model
Feedback Loops
Biological
Emphasis on
psychological
factors, such as early
childhood
experience and selfconcept
Emphasis on
biological
processes (e.g.,
genetics)
Feedback Loops
Psychological
Social
Emphasis on
interpersonal
relationships and
social environment
Feedback Loops
Biopsychosocial Model
(Cont.)
MODELS OF ABNORMALITY
Behavioura
l processes
Learning
of
behaviou
r
Unconscious
Biological
processes
Faulty thinking
& perception
Repressed
memories
& emotions
Genetics
Structural
damage
Chemicals
Conclusio
n