Nepal And Tibet

Architecture
GROUP 8 :

Gonzales, Ivan

Uriza, Inah

Literal, Donna

Wanagen,

Joel

H I S T O R Y

NEPAL

NEPAL
The wordsne
describe a

(HOLY) andpal(CAVE)

and thusNepalto

Holy Cave

The capital city of Nepal isKathmandu which has a

population of over two million people.
The total area comprises
the Tibet.

147,181

sq. km. Nepal is bordered by

Nepal is divided into three geographical regions known

as:

Himalayan

Mountai

Terai

Region

Region

Region

Nepal seasons:
Spring (Basanta)
April - May

Summer (Grishma)
June - July
Monsoon (Barsha)
Late June - Mid September

Autumn (Sharad)
September - November
Winter (Hinud)
December - January

Windy (Sisir)
February - March

Mount Everest
The highestmountainin the
world, as well as theHimalaya
Mountains.1st of the world's 18
highest mountain peaks are in
Nepal.
Also knowninNepalasSagarmatha and inTibetas

Chomolungma , isthe Earth'shighest mountain..

Height:

8,850 Meters equal to 29,035

feet.

 It is also the

Birth place of Buddha .

The national and most spoken language of Nepal is

Religion in Nepal (2011)
Hinduism (81.3%)

Buddhism (9.0%)
Islam (4.4%)
Kiratism (3.0%)
Christianity(1.4%)
Other (0.9%)

Nepali .

TIBET

TIBET
Tibetlies between the core areas of the ancient civilizations
ofChinaand ofIndia.
Tibet is nicknamed

The roof of the world or The

Land of snows
Tibet

has a rich history as a nation, existing side-by-side with China

for centuries.In 1950, the newly established Chinese Communist

regime decided that Tibet must become a permanent part of the
People's Republic of China and launched an invasion.

Sino-Tibetan Language
Widely used Language in Tibet.
It is one of the largest language
families in the world.

Religion in Tibet

(2012)

Tibetan Buddhism(78.5%)
Bon(12.5%)
Chinese religions and others (8.58%)
Islam (0.4%)
Christianity(0.02%)

Tibetan Buddhism has four (4) main traditions:

Gelug (Way of Virtue)

Also known casually asYellow Hat .

Kagyu (Oral Lineage )

This contains one major subsect and one minor

subsect. This is an oral tradition which is very much concerned with the
experiential dimension of meditation.

Nyingma

(The Ancient Ones )

This is the oldest, the original order

founded byPadmasambhava.

Sakya (Grey Earth)

Headed by theSakya Trizin founded by Khon

Konchog Gyalpo. This school emphasizes scholarship.

A R T S

P A L
Nepali art.In Nepal, art is

T I B
Tibetan art is primarily sacred art, drawing

traditional and largely religious

elements from the religions of

in nature, with Hindu and

Buddhism,Hinduism, Bon, and various

Buddhist imagery dominant.

tribal groups, and reflecting the over-riding

The two most typical forms of

influence ofTibetan Buddhism .

Himalayan Art

art are that of paintings and

sculptures.

art ofTibetand other present and former

refers to the

Himalayankingdoms (Bhutan,Ladakh,Nepal,
andSikkim).

N E P A L

T I B E T

Himalayan Art

T I B E T

Thangka

(painted religious scrolls)

Is a painted or embroidered Buddhist

banner which was hung in a monastery or
over a family altar and occasionally
carried by monks in ceremonial
processions.
Thangkas can be painted onpaper,
loosely - wovencotton cloth orsilk.

A R C H I T E C T U R E

N E P A L

A R C H I T E C T U R E

C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S:
- Symmetries in lay-out and faade
design.
- Slightly trapezoidal form, heavy at
the bottom (stone foundations) and
light at the top, generally with
battered walls.
- Flat roofs with parapets.
- Detailed code for the decoration of
doors, windows and parapets.

- Painted black frames around

doors and windows, and complex
wooden overhang decorations).
- Intricately carved interior timber
frame following standardized
design principles.
- Organic design buildings appear
to grow out of the landscape.

Stupa Style
A square base is mounted upon
a hemispherical structure.
The square bases, also known
as Harmika has pairs of allseeing eyes painted on each
of its exposed sides.

S h i k h a r a S t y l
e
Nepal's Shikhara style consists of
5 or nine vertical sections forming a
high pyramidal or curvilinear towerlike structure.
The apex is bell-shaped. This

Durbar Square
The Durbar Square is a marvel ofNewa
architecture.
The Square floor is tiled with red bricks.There
are manytemples and idols in the area.
The main temples are aligned opposite of the
western face of the palace. The entrance of
the temples faces east, towards the palace.
There is also a bell situated in the alignment
beside the main temples.
The Square also holds old Newari residential
houses. There are various other temples and
structures in and around Patan Durbar Square
built by theNewa People.

Mahabuddha Temple
Mahabuddha temple is dedicated to Siddhartha
Gautama, the historical Buddha.
It was built by priest

Abhaya Raj

Patan.

Temple of a
Thousand Buddhas " because a Buddha

The temple is often called

image is engraved on every brick.

The temple is modeled on the Mahabodhi Temple at

Bodhgaya, India.

Krishna Temple
(Chiyasim Deval)
Krishna Temple was built in 1723 by King Vishnu
Malla.

Like its counterpart to the north, it is built in the

Shikara style, imported from India

Krisha Mandir Temple

The Krishna temple on the west side of Patan's Darbar square
was built in 1637.
Legend says that it was built because of a dream. One night,
King Siddhi Narasigh Malla dream that the gods Krishna and Radha
were standing in front of the palace. The King ordered a temple
built on the same spot. During a war with a neighboring kingdom a
decade lator, the King emerged victorious after calling on Krishna
to vanquish his enemies.In gratitude, the King built a replica of the
temple inside the Sundari Chauk courtyard. The Krishna temple is
built in the Shikhara style, imported from India. Beneath its 21
golden pinnacles are three floors. The first floor enshrines Krishna,
the second Shiva, and the third Lokeshwor.Scenes from the
Ramayana narrated in Newari script decorate the interior of the
temple.

Jokhang Temple
("House of the Lord)
The Jokhang Temple ("House of the
Lord") Is a four-storey timber
complex with a gilt roof situated
inthe heart of Lhasa. Itis the holiest
site in Tibetan Buddhism and is the
place where the ceremonies of
initiation for the Dalai Lama and
Panchen Llamas are held.

T I B E T

A R C H I T E C T U R E
Potala Palace
The Potala Palace is situated on the top of
the Red Hill in central Lhasa, at an altitude
of over 3,700 metres it rises over 100 metres.
The Palace was built by the King Songtsen
Gampo of Tibet in 637AD over a sacred cave
as a palace for his bride the Princess Wen
Cheng of China.
Consisting of 9-storeys it was said to have
had a thousand rooms.

Potala Palace

Harishankar Temple
(built 1704-05)

Harishankar is a three storey structure

dedicated to Hari Shankar, a half Vishnu,
half Shiva deity.
Its roof structure is carved with scenes
of the condemned being tortured in the
various hells.It was construced by the
daughter of King Yoganarendra Malla.

T H E

E N D