Reengineering local

governments and
NGOs towards good
governance

 1.Local officials know best the needs and

interests of local; population
2.Local governments come to exist as
administrative convenience to the state
creating them.
3. Effective partners of the central or national
government, in harnessing not only community
development and growth but also national
development.
4. Boost the civil morale of the population as
they can directly participate in the political
affairs and processes towards more efficient
local governance at the grassroots levels.
5. Provide a clear understanding of the
relationships between the desired project
objectives and resources available to
implement them.

Rationale for the local

governments existence

Creation and Structures of local

Governments

 National/central
government.
Government of the whole
country.
is a form of a federal
government that have
distinct powers regarding
decisions making and
delegating the authorities
to members of the states.
policy maker.

Upper level

Community
Changwat or special
structures such as
regional or metropolitan
governments.
carry on the policy and
ensure its implementation.

Local level

In Federal And In Unitary

States

Federal

Like United State, Canada

Quasi-sovereign state/provinces.
Distributes power from the
national government to local/state
governments to adopt laws that
are reasonable to the country as a
whole and the localities.
The central government in a
federal government are the states
or provinces.

Unitary
States

Like the Philippines

Supervision over local governments is
done by the national government.
The central government is the nation
as a whole.
The powers of this governing system
are uniformly applied throughout.

Groupings Of Local
Governments

International Union of local

Authorities

IULA founded in 1913 in

Belgium.
Organization of
international congresses
for Inter-municipal
relations and study.

 South Europe Group-France, Italy, Greece, Spain and Portugal

East Asia Group Thailand, Philippines and Japan

West Asia and North Africa Group-all Islamic countries,

South Asia and East Africa Group-India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia,

Burma, Sudan and Ethiopia

mostly Arab or Arab-infuenced)

East Europe Group -Soviet Union, Poland, Bulgaria and Yugoslavia

Central and Northwest Group-Germany, Switzerland, The Netherlands,

Belgium and Luxembourg

Anglo-Saxon Group -UK, Australia, Union of South Africa, Canada

and US

IULAs Classification Of
Local Government System

Traditional
model
English
model
Soviet model
French
model

Naturally inherent among

the people in a village or
community.
Decentralized

Hierarchical but
decentralized and is led
by one party
Hierarchical and
centralized

 LGs are defined territorial

boundaries with political and
administrative jurisdiction.
LGs are non-sovereign
communities with subordinate
status, governments which are
below the national government.
LGs have authority and power to
undertake public activities.
LGs are continuing organizations
with population of more or less
numerous.
LGs are municipal corporations.

Characteristic
s of local
Government

 Basic political unit of the government.

Serves as the primary planning and implementing unit of government programs,
projects and activities and as a forum in which the collective views of the people in the
community may be crystallized and considered.
43,000(or a little's less)barangays nationwide.
Consists of a number of barangays and serves primarily.
Purpose government for the coordination and delivery of basic, regular and direct
services within its jurisdiction.
1497 municipalities in the Philippines.
Similar to a municipalities but is more urbanized and urbanized and better developed.
Serves as a general purpose government for the coordination and delivery of all basic
regular and direct services within its jurisdiction.
70 cities (component and highly urbanized)
A component city is a part of the province in which it is geographically located and is
under its administrative supervision.
All in all there are about 120 cities in the Philippines.

Comprised of a group of municipalities and component cities.

Role of the province is to coordinate national development process through
effective integration of programs and projects of all its sub-locaties.
79 provinces in the Philippines.

Barangays

Municipalitie
s

Cities

Provinces

LGs provide
greater political
participation
from the people
at lower
communities.

Impart
socioeconomic
services for the
constituency
consistent with
national
communities.

Offer a means
of dividing
power,
responsibilities
and functions
by geographic
are or locality of
the state.

Confer or vest
upon distinction
among
desperate local
communities.

Local Governments in
the Modern World

 Decentralization
devolution
De-concentration

3 ways in
which political
powers from
the central
government
can be
dispersed to
the local
government.

 Involves the shifting of fiscal, political

and administrative responsibilities
from higher to lower levels of
government.
Central government that disperses
responsibility for a policy to its field
offices. This transfer changes the
spatial and geographical distribution
of authority, but does not significantly
change the autonomy of the entity
that receives the authority.

Decentralizati
on

 Where the central government

transfers authority for decision
making, finance and management
to local governments with legally
recognized jurisdictions over
which they exercise authority.
Central government allows
autonomous local units of
government to exercise power
and control over the transferred
policy.

Devoluti
on

 Transfers policy responsibility

to local governments or
semiautonomous organizations
that are not controlled by the
central government but remain
accountable to it.

Delegati
on

National and local

government
relationship

Fused
Model

feudalisms
One, indivisible public
authority
Strict standards for actions
of local authorities, very
detailed regulation provided
by laws.
Local council has supervising
role over administration or
has adopt laws/ decisions of
control government to local
needs.
Direct administration
intervention and ex ante
control of the central
government.
One indivisible civil service
at all level
Decisive role of state
categorical grants to cover
current expenditures,
dependent of the sate
regulations spending.

Dual
model

Nation state
Central/local
Legal context established by
framework laws, local policy
formed by local laws adopted by
local council.
All local powers are coming
from council which is delegated
to local administration
extensive comperence of
council in local legislation.
Administrative intervention by
the National government is
prohibited only court decision to
establish the legality of local
decisions/actions.
Considerable autonomy
information of civil service at
local level
Extensive autonomy in taxation
and spending state general
grants to support capacity.

Government
Autonomy
and
Supervision
by the
President

Local autonomy
Defined as the
state of selfdetermination
of local
government
and their
relative
freedom from
central
government
control over
local affairs
and concerns.

As the degree
of selfdetermination
The higher the
and selfcentralization
government
of authority
enjoyed by
and decision
local units in
making for a
their relation
function, the
with the
lower the
central
autonomy of
government
the local
thus implying a
government
measure of
concerned.
independence
from national
control.

Local
autonomy as a
combination of
two elements
first the right
of local entities
to administer
their own will
and second the
right of the
local citizenry
to determine
that will.

Philippines
local
Autonomy in
the
Philippines:2
of its
dimensional
views

Historical legal

Political
administrative

Central supervision and control are

highly visible in:

Presidential power over local officials

Central supervision over local administrative
and financial affairs.
Central control over development planning.
Integration of the police force.
Limitation n the use of specific funds.
Centralization of personnel administration.

Supervision is
the power to
see that
subordinates
officers
perform their
duties and
power to
control.