Animal Transport

Transport is the circulation and distribution of materials.

Ameba

Paramecium

Transport is based on:

Passive Transport: diffusion and osmosis
Active Transport: contractile vacuole
Cyclosis (cytoplasmic streaming)

Cnidarians
Coelenterates
Hydra, jellyfish

Simple since cells

are in close
contact with
environment

Multicellular animals require efficient systems for exchange and transport.

Open System: Transport fluid flows through freely through body cavities
Closed System: Transport tissue flows within vessels

Vertebrates have closed systems but vary in the heart chambers

Fish: 2
Amphibian: 3
Mammal and Bird: 4

The four chamber heart separates oxygen rich from oxygen

poor blood

Human Circulation
Trace the path of
blood in the human
system.
Arteries:
Arterioles:
Capillaries:
Veinioles:
Veins:

Intro to Circulation video

Label the diagram of the heart. Oxygen rich/ oxygen poor?

Heart video

Control of the Heart Cycle

Nerves send impulses to the pacemaker on the right atrium of the heart.
Accelerator increases rate
Vagus decreases rate
Hormone adrenaline increases rate during the fight / flight mechanism

How does the structure of the blood vessels compare?

Vein

Artery

Blood Vessels Video

Blood flow in the veins is aided by the surrounding muscles

and valves that prevent back flow.

Blood in the arteries is

under pressure from the
heart.
Look at what happens to
the blood flow as it
passes through the
vessels.
Blood Pressure video

How is blood pressure measured?

Systolic is the pressure of the ventricles contracting
Diastolic is the pressure during the relaxation or ventricles refilling.

Pressure cuff is called a sphygmomanometer.

Body blood flow is

regulated by precapillary
sphincters.
Helps regulate heat
exchange.
What happens to your skin
when you are cold? Hot?

Components of the Blood

Components of Blood Video

Blood Clotting

When does clotting occur?

Leading Causes of Death

(All figures are for U.S.)

Final 2000 data

Ten Leading Causes of Death in the U.S.:

Heart Disease: 710,760
Cancer: 553,091
Stroke: 167,661
Chronic Lower Respiratory Disease: 122,009
Accidents: 97,900
Diabetes: 69,301
Pneumonia/Influenza: 65,313
Alzheimer's Disease: 49,558
Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis: 37,251
Septicemia: 31,224

Final 2000 data: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/lcod.htm

Incidence
per Year

Major Originating Factors

1. Heart Disease

769,353

diet, smoking, lack of exercise, stress, poor health

education

2. Cancer

476,927

diet, smoking, environmental pollution, poor health

education

3. Cerebrovascular
Disease

149,835

diet, smoking stress, lack of exercise, poor health

education

4. Accidents

95,020

alcohol, education, lack of governmental and business

safety protection

5. Pulmonary
Diseases

78,380

smoking, lack of exercise, nutrition, air pollution

6. Pneumonia and
Influenza

69,225

nutrition, poverty, stress, poor health education

7. Diabetes mellitus

38,796

nutrition, poverty, stress, poor health education

8. Suicide

30,796

psychological stress, poverty, nutrition

9. Liver Disease

26,201

alcohol, stress, poverty, nutrition, poor health education

10. Athleroschlerosis

22,474

nutrition, smoking, lack of exercise, stress, poor health

education

11. Kidney Disease

22,052

diet, alcohol, smoking, poverty, poor health education

12. Homicide

21,103

poverty, psychological stress, alcohol, drugs, gun

availability

13. Septicimia

19,916

nutrition, hospitals, poverty, poor health education

14. Perinatal
Condition

18,222

poverty, nutrition, poor health education

15. Congenital
Anomalies

12,330

alcohol, drugs, poverty, poor health education

Health Problem

Comprehensive Health Care for Everyone: A Guide for Body, Mind, and Spirit
by Thomas M. Collins (1995)

Malfunctions of circulatory system:

Heart attack: coronary arteries blocked
Stroke: aneurism or clot in brain
Hypertension: high blood pressure

Normal Artery

Atherosclerosis

Coronary Arteries

Bypass surgery

Stroke Fact Sheet