Chapter5 Software

Chapter 5 : Software
CS100 (2011/2012)
Software: Bringing the

Machine to Life
Department of Statistics and Computer Science,

Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya.
CS100 (2011/2012)
Types of Software
System Software Controls the basic
operations of hardware. Ex: Operating
System
Application Software Performs a
specific task that a user requires. Ex: MS
Word - used to prepare documents.
Programming Languages

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User
Application Software
System Software
Hardware

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System Software
Operating Systems
Device Drivers
Compilers/Interpreters

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Operating System
(O/S)
The fundamental software that controls

almost all the operations in hardware
components.
Provide the interface for the users to
access the hardware devices and provide
all the facilities to execute application
programs.

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Main Functions of an
O/S
Control hardware and programs

File management
Memory management
Security
Handle system failures
Program development support
And many more.
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Types of Operating
MS DOS
Systems
MS Windows For IBM Compatible PCs
Windows 1.0 3.1

Windows 95
Windows 98
Windows 98 SE
Windows NT
Windows 2000
Windows ME
Windows XP
Windows Vista
Windows 7
Macintosh For Apple Machines

Unix
Linux
Solaris
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MS DOS (Microsoft Disk

Operating System)
A command line interface O/S has

to type every command in the
command line
No GUI (Graphical User Interface)
Written by Bill Gates

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MS Windows History
1983
Microsoft Windows was announced November 10, 1983.
1985
Microsoft Windows 1.0 is introduced in November 20, 1985

and is initially sold for $100.00.
1987
Microsoft Windows 2.0 was released December 9, 1987 and

is initially sold for $100.00.
1987 Microsoft Windows/386 or Windows 386 is introduced

December 9, 1987 and is initially sold for $100.00.
1988 Microsoft Windows/286 or Windows 286 is introduced
June,1988 and is initially sold for $100.00.
1990
Microsoft Windows 3.0 was released May, 22 1990.

Microsoft Windows 3.0 full version was priced at $149.95 and
the upgrade version was priced at $79.95.
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1991 Following its decision not to develop operating systems

cooperatively with IBM, Microsoft changes the name of OS/2
Windows NT.
1991
to
Microsoft Windows 3.0 or Windows 3.0a with multimedia was

released October, 1991.
1992 Microsoft Windows 3.1 was released April, 1992 and sells
more than 1 Million copies within the first two months of its release.
1992 Microsoft Windows for Workgroups 3.1 was released
October, 1992.
1993
Microsoft Windows NT 3.1 was released July 27, 1993.
1993 The number of licensed users of Microsoft Windows now

totals more than 25 Million.
1994 Microsoft Windows for Workgroups 3.11 was released
February, 1994.
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1994
Microsoft Windows NT 3.5 was released September 21, 1994.
1995
Microsoft Windows NT 3.51 was released May 30, 1995.
1995 Microsoft Windows 95 was released August 24, 1995 and

sells more than 1 Million copies within 4 days.
1996
Microsoft Windows NT 4.0 was released July 29, 1996.
1996
Microsoft Windows CE 1.0 was released November, 1996.
1997
Microsoft Windows CE 2.0 was released November, 1997.
1998
Microsoft Windows 98 was released June, 1998.
1998
Microsoft Windows CE 2.1 was released July, 1998.
1998
In October of 1998 Microsoft announced that future releases of

Windows NT would no longer have the initials of NT and that
the next edition would be Windows 2000.
1999
Microsoft Windows 98 SE (Second Edition) was released

May 5, 1999. Department of Statistics and Computer Science,
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1999
Microsoft Windows CE 3.0 was released 1999.
2000 On January 4th at CES Bill Gates announces the new

version of Windows CE will be called Pocket PC.
2000
Microsoft Windows 2000 was released February 17, 2000.
2000
Microsoft Windows ME (Millennium) released June 19, 2000.
2001
Microsoft Windows XP is released October 25, 2001.
2001 Microsoft Windows XP 64-Bit Edition (Version 2002) for

Itanium systems is released March 28, 2003.
2003
Microsoft Windows Server 2003 is released March 28, 2003.
2003 Microsoft Windows XP 64-Bit Edition (Version 2003) for

Itanium 2 systems is released on March 28, 2003.
2003
Microsoft Windows XP Media Center Edition 2003 is released

on December 18, 2003.
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2004
Microsoft Windows XP Media Center Edition 2005 is

released on October 12, 2004.
2005
Microsoft Windows XP Professional x64 Edition is

released on April 24, 2005.
2005 Microsoft announces it's next operating system,

codenamed "Longhorn" will be named Windows Vista on
23, 2005.
July
2006 Microsoft releases Microsoft Windows Vista to

corporations on November 30, 2006.
2007
Microsoft releases Microsoft Windows Vista and Office

2007 to the general public January 30, 2007.
2009
Microsoft releases Windows 7 October 22, 2009.

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Windows 1.0
Windows
7
Improve performance
Include more functionality
Improve quality of graphics
Improve the security

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Windows 1.0
What a GUI ?

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Windows 3.0

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Windows 98

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Windows 2000

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Windows XP

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Windows Vista

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Windows Vista

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Windows 7

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Windows7

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Windows 8
Will be launched in 2012 - with new apps

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Apple Macintosh O/S

The O/S that is in Apple Macintosh PCs
Provides more support for graphic design
(Desktop publishing), animations and
video editing
Mostly used by Publishers, Graphic
Designers, and for the Movie Animation
Production.

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Macintosh O/S Desktop

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UNIX
Developed in 1960 s as Mainframe O/S

A command line O/S

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Linux
The PC version of UNIX

Based on UNIX core (Kernel)
Comes as both command-line and GUI O/S
There are different types of Linux O/S distributions
developed by different people.
Tux, the penguin The Linux Logo
Ex: RedHat Linux, Mandrake Linux, Fedora Linux, Debian

Ubuntu and many more
Unix and Linux are Open Source Software do not

have to pay any charge to get them
(free software no license, can be downloaded from
the internet and distributed freely)
But Microsoft s/w is not free s/w

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RedHat Linux Desktop

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Fedora Linux Desktop

(Latest Version of RedHat
Linux)

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Mandrake Linux

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Debian Linux

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Ubuntu Linux

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Driver Programs (Device

Drivers/Drivers)
A driver is a program that controls
operations between the O/S and a device.
It provides the software interface between
the O/S and the device.
O/S
Driver
Programs

Device
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Some Drivers
VGA Driver - to control the monitor
Sound Card Driver to control sound system
Printer Driver to control the printer
Modem Driver to control modem
Driver programs are usually provided by the device

manufacturer
Drivers are device specific. Ex. the driver of the 15 Sony
Monitor can not be used with 15 Philips Monitor.
Most of the device drivers come with Windows XP O/S.
Otherwise it should be provided by the manufacturer of
the device

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Compilers/Interpreter
s
Language Converters
(Will be discussed later)

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Application Software
General Purpose Software

performs
common general purpose tasks

such as word processing, spreadsheets
Special Purpose Software

Developed
to satisfy the requirements of

specific types of users = information systems
Used for special purpose application areas
Payroll
systems
Hospital, banking information systems
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General Purpose Application

Software
Word processing programs
Spreadsheet software
MS Access, MySQL, MS SQL Server, Oracle, Linux Open

Office Base
Presentation programs
MS Excel, Linux Open Office Calc
Database management
Note Pad, Word Pad, MS Word, Linux Open Office Writer,

Latex
MS PowerPoint, Linux Open Office Impress
Graphics programs
MS Paint ,Adobe Photoshop, Adobe Page Maker, Linux Open

Office Draw
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General Purpose Application

Software
Animation Software
Multimedia
Protocols (TCP/IP)
Utilities
MS FrontPage, Macromedia Dreamweaver, Internet Explorer,

Mozilla Firefox, Netscape Navigator
Communications programs
Windows Media Player, Power DVD, WinAmp
Web design tools and browsers
Macromedia Flash, 3D Max, Maya
Disk Defragmenters, Partition Magic, Norton utilities
Statistical Software
Minitab, SAS, R
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OpenOffice.org
package
OpenOffice.org is a leading open-source

office software suite for;
Word processing (OpenOffice.org Writer)

Spreadsheets (OpenOffice.org Calc)
Presentations (OpenOffice.org Impress)
Graphics (OpenOffice.org Draw)
Databases (OpenOffice.org Base)
and more
It can be downloaded and used completely

free of charge for any purpose.
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OpenOffice.org
package
Can be downloaded from
http://www.openoffice.org

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OpenOffice.org Writer
Word processing component of the OpenOffice.org

software package.
Features;
Templates and styles

Page-layout methods, including frames, columns, and tables
Embedding or linking of graphics, spreadsheets, and other
objects
Built-in drawing tools
Export to PDF, including bookmarks
MailMerge
Equation editor (OpenOffice.org Math)
AutoCorrect
AutoComplete
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OpenOffice.org
Writer

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OpenOffice.org
Writer

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OpenOffice.org Calc
Spreadsheet component of the OpenOffice.org software package.

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OpenOffice.org Calc

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OpenOffice.org
Impress
Presentation component of the OpenOffice.org software package

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OpenOffice.org
Impress

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OpenOffice.org Base
Database component of the OpenOffice.org software package

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Programming
Languages
Used to write computer programs
Like human languages, programming languages have

syntactic and semantic rules used to define meaning.
Thousands of different programming languages have

been created and new ones are created every year.
Generations of Programming Languages
1st Generation Languages (1GL)

2nd Generation Languages (2GL)
3rd Generation Languages (3GL)
4th Generation Languages (4GL)
5th Generation Languages (5GL)

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1st Generation
Languages
The machine language (1s and 0s).

Ex:
10111001 = Addition
The computer can only understand the

programs written in machine language.
Very difficult for programmers to write and

maintain the machine language programs.
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2nd Generation
Languages
Assembly Language
Instructions written in 1s and 0s were

replaced by words
Ex:
10111001 = ADD
Easier to program than machine language.
Needed a translator program called

assembler to convert the programs written
in assembly language to machine language.
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Assembly Language
Assembly
Language
Program
Assembler
(10011)
(ADD X,Y )
Machine
Language
Now a days Assembly Language is used to

program
microchips or microcontrollers.
1GL and 2GL are called Low-level Languages
Low-level : More closer to the computer than to
the programmers
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3rd Generation
Languages
From this generation onwards all the

computer languages are called High-level
Languages.
High Level : More closer to human
(programmers) than to the computer.
Ex: Pascal, Basic, FORTRAN, C
Need a separate translator program to
translate the high-level language code to
machine code.
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4th Generation
Languages
High-level languages
EX: SQL (Structured Query Language)

used with DBMS
SAS

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5th Generation
Languages
High-level languages
Modern day languages

Ex:
Object Oriented languages like Java, C+

+, C#, VB.Net
Languages
used in Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Programming like Prolog, Lisp.

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High-level Language
Translators
A type of system s/w

High-level
language
Translator
Machine
language
(10011)
Two types of translators

Compiler
Interpreter
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Compiler
A translator that translates a high-level

language program into machine language
completely, before it is executed.
High-level
language
program
Source File
Compiler
101010101
010101010
101011101
101010101
For
Execution
Executable File
Executable File (EXE File): A program file in

machine code which can directly be executed by
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the O/S
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Interpreter
A translator that translates a high-level

language program into machine language
line by line.
SOP(Hello)
Interpreter
101010101
101010101
For Execution
For Execution
High-level
language program
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End of Chapter 5

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Chapter 5 : Software

Software: Bringing the

Department of Statistics and Computer Science,

Department of Statistics and Computer Science,

Department of Statistics and Computer Science,

Department of Statistics and Computer Science,

Department of Statistics and Computer Science,

The fundamental software that controls

Department of Statistics and Computer Science,

Control hardware and programs

MS Windows For IBM Compatible PCs

Windows 1.0 3.1

Macintosh For Apple Machines

MS DOS (Microsoft Disk

A command line interface O/S has

Department of Statistics and Computer Science,

Microsoft Windows was announced November 10, 1983.

Microsoft Windows 1.0 is introduced in November 20, 1985

Microsoft Windows 2.0 was released December 9, 1987 and

1987 Microsoft Windows/386 or Windows 386 is introduced

Microsoft Windows 3.0 was released May, 22 1990.

1991 Following its decision not to develop operating systems

Microsoft Windows 3.0 or Windows 3.0a with multimedia was

Microsoft Windows NT 3.1 was released July 27, 1993.

1993 The number of licensed users of Microsoft Windows now

Microsoft Windows NT 3.5 was released September 21, 1994.

Microsoft Windows NT 3.51 was released May 30, 1995.

1995 Microsoft Windows 95 was released August 24, 1995 and

Microsoft Windows NT 4.0 was released July 29, 1996.

Microsoft Windows CE 1.0 was released November, 1996.

Microsoft Windows CE 2.0 was released November, 1997.

Microsoft Windows 98 was released June, 1998.

Microsoft Windows CE 2.1 was released July, 1998.

In October of 1998 Microsoft announced that future releases of

Microsoft Windows 98 SE (Second Edition) was released

Microsoft Windows CE 3.0 was released 1999.

2000 On January 4th at CES Bill Gates announces the new

Microsoft Windows 2000 was released February 17, 2000.

Microsoft Windows ME (Millennium) released June 19, 2000.

Microsoft Windows XP is released October 25, 2001.

2001 Microsoft Windows XP 64-Bit Edition (Version 2002) for

Microsoft Windows Server 2003 is released March 28, 2003.

2003 Microsoft Windows XP 64-Bit Edition (Version 2003) for

Microsoft Windows XP Media Center Edition 2003 is released

Microsoft Windows XP Media Center Edition 2005 is

Microsoft Windows XP Professional x64 Edition is

2005 Microsoft announces it's next operating system,

2006 Microsoft releases Microsoft Windows Vista to

Microsoft releases Microsoft Windows Vista and Office

Microsoft releases Windows 7 October 22, 2009.

Department of Statistics and Computer Science,

Department of Statistics and Computer Science,

Department of Statistics and Computer Science,

Department of Statistics and Computer Science,

Department of Statistics and Computer Science,

Department of Statistics and Computer Science,

Department of Statistics and Computer Science,

Department of Statistics and Computer Science,

Department of Statistics and Computer Science,

Department of Statistics and Computer Science,

Department of Statistics and Computer Science,

Will be launched in 2012 - with new apps

Department of Statistics and Computer Science,

Apple Macintosh O/S