-1 : - .

-1-1 :
+H . +H . / -HA/A BH+/B -BH B H
HA A H

NH 3 / NH 2
NH 4 / NH 3
H 3O / H 2 O
H 2 O / OH




-2-1 - :
+H / +H HA1 HA1/A1 A 2 HA 2 / A 2
HA1 A 2 A1 HA 2
:

H 2 O NH 4 H 3O NH 3 H 3O / H 2 O : NH 4 / NH 3
1
2
1
2
CH 3COOH NH 3 CH 3COO NH 4 CH 3COOH / CH 3COO :
NH 4 / NH 3
1
2
2
1

 -2 pH .

-1-2 : pH
H3O 5.10 moll pH
:
H3O 10 pH
pH log H 3O

-1

H
O
: 3 moll
1

pH H 3O
-2-2 pH :
-pH )9. (50
)6 (49 7) pH(49

-3 .

-1-3 xf : xmax
v = 1 ml CH3COOH d = 1,05
M = 60,05 g.mol-1 Veau = 500 ml
) (S pH . pH = 3,1
CH3COOH : H2OCH 3COOH H 2 O CH 3COO H 3O
n0 :m V d.0 .V 1, 05.1g.cm 3 .1ml3

n0

1, 75.102 mol

M
M M
60, 05
- CH3COOH .

 - :

CH 3COOH H 2 O CH3COO H 3O

n0

n0 x

xf

xf

xf

n0 xf

) (CH3COOHn 0 x max 0
x max n 0 1, 75.102 mol
.
pH pH = 3,1 : H 3 O 10 pH 103,1 7,9.104 mol.l1
:
x f n f H 3 O H 3 O .Vsol H3 O .Veau 7,9.104.500.103 4.104 mol
f
f
xf < xmax :
CH3COOH :n f CH 3 COOH n 0 x f 1, 71.102 mol
CH3COOH CH3COOH
) ( .
xf xmax
xf < xmax :

 -2-3 .
xf

x max:. )mol

( :
xf
. )mol

( :
xmax
0 1
.
= 1 .

= 0 .

: :xf
4.104
2

2,3.10
x max 1, 75.102
2,3%
)(
-3-3 .
CH 3COOH H 2 O CH 3COO H 3O :
H 3O

CH3COOH pH
.

) (+CH3COO- + Na pH H 3O
.

CH 3COO H 3O

CH 3COOH H 2 O

 ) (
.
.
-4

CH 3COOH H 2 O CH 3COO H 3O:

4
4

1,7.102
4.10
4.10

) (mol :

) ( .

-5 .

AB CD

:
A B A B C D V1
A B . V1

C D V2
.

V1 = V2 ) ( A

) (
) pH( . .

 4 59

7 59

 8 60

9 60

5 59