Modern architecture

Balasubramanium

MODERNISM
Modernism is a philosophical movement that, along with
cultural trends and changes, arose from wide-scale and farreaching transformations in Western society in the late 19th
and early 20th centuries. Among the factors that shaped
modernism were the development of modern industrial
societies and the rapid growth of cities, followed then by the
horror of World War I. Modernism also rejected the certainty
of Enlightenment thinking, and many modernists rejected
religious belief

MODERN ARCHITECTURE
Modern architecture or modernist architecture is a term applied to a group
of styles of architecture which emerged in the first half of the 20th century and
became dominant after World War II. It was based upon new technologies of
construction, particularly the use of glass, steel and reinforced concrete; and
upon a rejection of the traditional neoclassical architecture and Beaux-Arts
styles that were popular in the 19th century.
Modern architecture continued a dominant architectural style for institutional
and corporate buildings into the 21st century. Modernism eventually generated
reactions, most notably Postmodernism which sought to preserve pre-modern
elements, while "Neo-modernism" has emerged as a reaction to Postmodernism.

RISE OF MODERNISM
After the first World War, a prolonged struggle began between architects who
favored the more traditional styles of neo-classicism and the
Beaux-Arts architecture style, and the modernists, led by Le Corbusier and
Robert Mallet-Stevens in France, Walter Gropius and Mies Van Der Rohe in
Germany, and Konstantin Melnikov in the new Soviet Union, who wanted only pure
forms and the elimination of any decoration. Art Deco architects such as
Auguste Perret and Henri Sauvage often made a compromise between the two,
combining modernist forms and stylized decoration.

RISE OF MODERNISM
The dominant figure in the rise of modernism in France was Charles-douard Jeanneret, a Swiss-French
architect who in 1920 took the name Le Corbusier. In 1920 he co-founded a journal called 'L'Espirit
Nouveau and energetically promoted architecture that was functional, pure, and free of any decoration or
historical associations. He was also a passionate advocate of a new urbanism, based on planned cities.
In 1922 he presented a design of a city for three million people, whose inhabitants lived in identical sixtystory tall skyscrapers surrounded by open parkland. He designed modular houses, which would be massproduced on the same plan and assembled into apartment blocks, neighborhoods and cities. In 1923 he
published "Toward an Architecture", with his famous slogan, "a machine is a house to live in." [15] He
tirelessly promoted his ideas through slogans, articles, books, conferences, and participation in
Expositions.

RISE OF MODERNISM
To illustrate his ideas, in the 1920s he built a series of houses and villas in and around Paris.
They were all built according to a common system, based upon the use of reinforced
concrete, and of reinforced concrete pylons in the interior which supported the structure,
allowing glass curtain walls on the facade and open floor plans, independent of the structure.
They were always white, and had no ornament or decoration on the outside or inside. The
best-known of these houses was the Villa Savoye, built in 1928-1931 in the Paris suburb of
Poissy. An elegant white box wrapped with a ribbon of glass windows around on the facade,
with living space that opened upon an interior garden and countryside around, raised up by a
row of white pylons in the center of a large lawn, it became an icon of modernist architecture.

BAUHAUS
The Bauhaus was founded by Walter Gropius in Weimar. In spite of its
name and the fact that its founder was an architect, the Bauhaus, during
the first years of existence, did not have an architecture department.
Nonetheless, it was founded with the idea of creating a "total" work of art
(Gesamtkunstwerk) in which all arts, including architecture, would
eventually be brought together. The Bauhaus style later became one of
the most influential currents in modern design, Modernist architecture
and art, design and architectural education. [1] The Bauhaus had a
profound influence upon subsequent developments in art, architecture,
graphic design, interior design, industrial design, and typography

WALTER GROPIUS
We want to create the purely
organic building, boldly
emanating its inner laws, free of
untruths or ornamentation.
-Walter Gropius
Walter Adolph Georg Gropius (18
May 1883 5 July 1969) was a
German architect and founder of the
Bauhaus School, who, along with
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe,
Le Corbusier and Frank Lloyd Wright,
is widely regarded as one of the
pioneering masters of
modernist architecture.

LUDWIG MIES VAN DER ROHE

Less is More- Mies van der
rohe.
He is one of the founder of the
Bauhaus school.
He is one of the pioneers of
minimalism architecture.
His buildings created an impact
on architectural buildings.