Population and Economic

Development
•Resource can be classified into two
categories-Natural resource and Human
resource.
• By increasing human resource more and
better economic progress can be achieved.
• The human resource required by a country
is provided by its population.
• Birth rate, death rate, life expectancy and
literacy are some of the factors of
population.
 Population

Total number of people living in

a country at a given time is
called its population.
The study of population of a country can be
made use of for the following purposes.

• To assess the availability of human resource

needed for production.
• To estimate the required basic infrastructure.
• To estimate the requirements of products and
services.
• To understand the social and cultural structure
of a population.
• To compare with the population of other
countries.
• To assess the quality of standard of living.
Annual Population Increase as Per
2001 Census
Countries Popu.(Millions) Rate of Increase(%)
China 1273 0.9
India 1033 1.7
US 285 0.6
Indonesia 206 1.7
Brazil 172 1.5
Pakistan 145 2.8
Russia 144 -0.7

Bangladesh 134 2
Japan 127 0.2
Nigeria 127 2.8
Mexico 100 1.9
Germany 82 -0.1
Vietnam 79 1.4

Philippines 77 2.2
Egypt 70 2.1
 Important Trends of population
Life LIFE
AGR(% Expectancy Expectancy
 Countries ) BR DR (Males) (Females)
0.9
China 15.2 6.5 69 73

India 1.7 23.7 8.5 63 65

Indonesia 1.7 20.6 7.3 65 69

Pakistan 2.8 35.8 9.5 61 61

Russia -0.7 8.6 14.6 61 73

bangladesh 2.0 28.1 8.6 61 62

Japan 0.19 4.4 7.7 78 85

 History of Population Growth
• There was long period of stationary growth until
1000 when world Population was 400 million.
• This was followed by slow growth till 1750 when
it reached 750 Million
• This time population was kept low due to more
Death Rates due to Famines, Plagues, poverty
etc.
• After Industrial revolution it grew substantially
 History of Population
Growth(Contd.)
• In 1950 it reached 2.5 billion
• In 1985 it reached 5 billion
• Human mortality was now lowered but BR
continued to increase due to technological
Advancements.
• By 2000 population was 6 Billion.
• It took 1750 years to add 480 Million
People and now it takes 6 Years,
• Although India occupies only 2.4% of the
world's land area, it supports over 15% of
the world's population. China has a larger
population. Almost 60% of Indians are
younger than 15 years of age. About 70%
of the people live in more than 550,000
villages, and the remainder in more than
200 towns and cities.
• Before 1650, it took 36000 years for
population to get doubled, i.e 1400
generations , but now it takes 53 years i.e 2
generations.
• More than 3/4th of population lives in
developing world.
• More than 40% of developing population is
dependent upon working population.
• Demographic transition of population.
 Causes of High Fertility in
Developing Countries
• Malthusian Population Trap- Difference in
growth in population and food supplies will
make per capita income to fall to such a low
level that a population can lead a life barely at
subsistence level.
• Micro economic Household Theory of Fertility-
Children are considered as a special type of
consumer goods so that fertility becomes a
rational economic response to the consumer
demand for
• Children relative to other goods.
• Higher the income, greater demand for
children
• Higher the net price of children, lower the
quantity demanded
• Higher the price of other relative goods,
greater qty. demanded
• Greater the strength of taste for relative
goods, lesser qty. demanded.
 Population growth - Reasons
• Poverty
• Superstitions
• Religious beliefs
• Illiteracy and ignorance
• Early marriage
• High fertility
• Increased birth rate
• Decreased death rate
 Economic Problems
• Poverty and Unemployment
– Collapse of agricultural sector
– Decline of indigenous/traditional
industries.
– Lack of industrial enterprises
– Inadequate development of service sector
– Lack of capital
– Lack of entrepreneurship
– Mechanisation
Shelter/Housing
Environmental problems
Subordination of women
 Dependency Rate

• Dependency rate is the percentage of

people depending on those who are
employed (below 15 years and above
60 years of age.)
Table showing %age of Population
in Different age Groups

%age of Total
Age Group Population

0-14 58.70%

15-59 34.33%

Above 60 Yrs 6.97%

 Population Policy
• To improve the economy of a country
• To maintain population suitable to the
economy.
• To attain economic and social progress.
• To improve the standard of living.
• To improve education and health.
• To solve unemployment problem.
National Population Policy 2000-
This policy lays emphasis on health care of the people especially, that
of women and children. Following are the aims of the
Newpopulation policy.
• To meet the basic needs in public health sector.
• To ensure free and compulsory education to all children upto the
age of 14.
• To reduce infant mortality rate below 30 in every 1000 live births.
• Popularise preventive measures against the communicable
diseases
• To take steps for raising the age at marriage of women, above 20.
There are commissions at the national and state levels to monitor and
evaluate the implementation of the policies.
 Issues related to population
• Will developing countries be able to improve
levels of living given anticipated population
Growth.
• How will developing countries be able to
increase their vast increase in Labour force.
• How will higher popu. Growth affects Poverty.
• Will developing countries be able to Extend
coverage and improve Quality of Health care
and education in face of rapid Population growth