Name -Ashutosh Gautam

th
class-10
roll-1008
COORDINATE
GEOMETRY.

Coordinate Geometry
Y-axis
Q(x2,y2)

Distance PQ : d (x 2 x1 ) 2 (y 2 y 2 ) 2

y2

y1

x x1 y 2 y1
Mid point of PQ : 2
,

2
2

P(x1,y1)
X-axis
0

x1

x2

Gradient of PQ : m

y 2 y1
x 2 x1

Distance between 2 Points P(x1, y1) and Q(x2, y2)

(x1, y1)

(x2, y2)

Example 1: Find the distance between A(1,-3) and B(5,7).

Helpful Hints:
1) It is usually a good idea to make a little
sketch.
2) Write down ALL point formulae used in
coordinate geometry.
3) Label points clearly (x1, y1) & (x2,y2)
4) Is your answer what you expect or realistic
for the problem.

1) Formula : Distan ce PQ : d (x2 x1 )2 (y2 y2 )2

2) Show substitution into formula clearly.

AB : d (x2 x1 )2 (y2 y2 )2
d (5 1)2 (7 3)2

B(5,7)

10
4
A(1,-3)

Distance PQ : d (x 2 x1 ) 2 (y 2 y 2 ) 2
x x1 y 2 y1
Mid point of PQ : 2
,

2
2
y y
Gradient of PQ : m 2 1
x 2 x1

d 116

Use calculator to
evaluate (5-1)2 + (7--3)2

Simplify the surd.

d 4 29
d 2 29

The
exact distance between A(1, -3) and B(5, 7) is

AB 2 29

(x1, y1)

(x2, y2)

Example 2: Find the distance between P(-3,5) and Q(5,-5).

Helpful Hints:
1) It is usually a good idea to make a little
sketch.
2) Write down ALL point formulae used in
coordinate geometry.
3) Label points clearly (x1, y1) & (x2,y2)
4) Is your answer what you expect or realistic
for the problem.
P(-3, 5)

1) Formula : Distan ce AB : d (x2 x1 )2 (y2 y2 )2

2) Show substitution into formula clearly.

AB : d (x2 x1 )2 (y2 y2 )2
d (5 3)2 (5 5)2

10

d 164

Q(5,-5)

Distance PQ : d (x 2 x1) 2 (y 2 y 2 ) 2
x x1 y 2 y1
Mid point of PQ : 2
,

2
2
y y
Gradient of PQ : m 2 1
x 2 x1

Use calculator to evaluate

(5--3)2 + (-5-5)2

Simplify the surd.

d 4 41
d 2 41

The
exact distance between P(-3, 5) and B(5, -5) is
PQ 2 41

Mid-Point of 2 Points P(x1, y1) and Q(x2, y2)

(x1, y1)

(x2, y2)

Example 1: Find the Mid-Point of A(1,-3) and B(5,7).

Helpful Hints:
1) It is usually a good idea to make a little
sketch.
2) Write down ALL point formulae used in
coordinate geometry.
3) Label points clearly (x1, y1) & (x2,y2)
4) Is your answer what you expect or realistic
for the problem.

1) Formula: (average point / co-ordinates)

x x y y
Mid point of PQ : 2 1 , 2 1
2
2
2) Show substitution into formula clearly.

B(5,7)

10
4
A(1,-3)

Distance PQ : d (x 2 x1 ) 2 (y 2 y 2 ) 2
x x1 y 2 y1
Mid point of PQ : 2
,

2
2
y y
Gradient of PQ : m 2 1
x 2 x1

x x y y
Mid point of AB 2 1 , 2 1
2
2
5 1 7 3

,

2
2
6 4
,
2 2

3,2

The mid-point
of A(1, -3) and B(5, 7) is (3, 2).

(x1, y1)

(x2, y2)

Example 2: Find the mid-point of P(-3,5) and Q(5,-5).

Helpful Hints:
1) It is usually a good idea to make a little
sketch.
2) Write down ALL point formulae used in
coordinate geometry.
3) Label points clearly (x1, y1) & (x2,y2)
4) Is your answer what you expect or realistic
for the problem.

1) Formula :
x x y y
Mid point of PQ : 2 1 , 2 1
2
2
2) Show substitution into formula clearly.

P(-3, 5)

10

Q(5,-5)

x x y y
Mid point of AB 2 1 , 2 1
2
2
5 3 5 5

,

2
2

2 0
,
2 2

Distance PQ : d (x 2 x1) 2 (y 2 y 2 ) 2
x x1 y 2 y1
Mid point of PQ : 2
,

2
2
y y
Gradient of PQ : m 2 1
x 2 x1

1,0

The mid-point
of P(-3,5) and Q(5,-5) is (1, 0).

Gradient, m, of line joining 2 Points P(x1, y1) and Q(x2, y2)

(x1, y1)

(x2, y2)

Example 1: Find the gradient, m, of the line passing through points A(1,-3) and B(5,7).
Helpful Hints:
1) It is usually a good idea to make a little
sketch.
2) Write down ALL point formulae used in
coordinate geometry.
3) Label points clearly (x1, y1) & (x2,y2)
4) Is your answer what you expect or realistic
for the problem.

1) Formula : grad, m

y2 y1
x2 x1

2) Show substitution into formula clearly.

y2 y1
grad,

x2 x1

B(5,7)

7 (3)
5 1
10
m
4
5
Always try to write the gradient, m,
m
as a simplified IMPROPER fraction
2

grad, m
10

A(1,-3)

Distance PQ : d (x 2 x1 ) 2 (y 2 y 2 ) 2
x x1 y 2 y1
Mid point of PQ : 2
,

2
2
y y
Gradient of PQ : m 2 1
x 2 x1
m tan

The
gradient of the line passing through A(1,-3)
and B(5,7) is :
5

Gradient : m
2

(x1, y1)

(x2, y2)

Example 2: Find the gradient, m, of the line passing through points P(-3,5) and Q(5,-5).
Helpful Hints:
1) It is usually a good idea to make a little
sketch.
2) Write down ALL point formulae used in
coordinate geometry.
3) Label points clearly (x1, y1) & (x2,y2)
4) Is your answer what you expect or realistic
for the problem.

P(-3, 5)

1) Formula : grad, m

2) Show substitution into formula clearly.

10

Q(5,-5)

Distance PQ : d (x 2 x1 ) 2 (y 2 y 2 ) 2
x x1 y 2 y1
Mid point of PQ : 2
,

2
2
y y
Gradient of PQ : m 2 1
x 2 x1
m tan

y2 y1
x2 x1

y2 y1
grad,

x2 x1
5 5
grad, m
5 (3)
10
m
8
5 Always try to write the gradient, m,
m
as a simplified IMPROPER fraction
4

The
gradient of the line passing through P(-3,5)
and Q(5,-5) is :
5

Gradient : m
4

Exercise
(x , y )
(x , y )
1) Given the two points A(-3,7) and B(5,1) find the
a) distance AB
b) point C, the mid-point of interval AB
c) gradient, mAB, of the line joining AB
1

Helpful Hints:
1) It is usually a good idea to make a little
sketch.
2) Write down ALL point formulae used in
coordinate geometry.
3) Label points clearly (x1, y1) & (x2,y2)
4) Is your answer what you expect or realistic
for the problem.

a) Dis tan ce : d

x 2 x1 y 2 y1
2

B(5,1)

32

x x1 y 2 y1
b) Mid point C 2
,

2
2
x x1 y 2 y1
Mid point of PQ : 2
,

2
2
y y
Gradient of PQ : m 2 1
x 2 x1

5 (3) 1 7
C
,

2
2

m tan

2 8
,
2 2
1, 4

The mid-point C is (1,4)

Simplify all surds!

Distance PQ : d (x 2 x1) 2 (y 2 y 2 ) 2

c) Gradient, m

1 (3) 5 1

4 2

The distance AB is d = 4 2

A(-3,7)

y 2 y1
x 2 x1
1 7
5 (3)

6
8
3
m
4

3
The gradient of line AB is m
4

Exercise
(x , y )
(x , y )
2) Given the two points P(-5,-3) and Q(6,4) find the
a) distance PQ
b) point R, the mid-point of interval PQ
c) gradient, mPQ, of the line joining PQ
1

Helpful Hints:
1) It is usually a good idea to make a little
sketch.
2) Write down ALL point formulae used in
coordinate geometry.
3) Label points clearly (x1, y1) & (x2,y2)
4) Is your answer what you expect or realistic
for the problem.

a) Dis tan ce : d

x 2 x1 y 2 y1
2

The distance PQ is d = 170

x x1 y 2 y1
b) Mid point R 2
,

2
2

P(-5,-3)

Distance PQ : d (x 2 x1) (y 2 y 2 )
2

x x1 y 2 y1
Mid point of PQ : 2
,

2
2
y y
Gradient of PQ : m 2 1
x 2 x1
m tan

c) Gradient, m

6 (5) 4 (3)

170

Q(6,4)

6 (5) 4 (3)
R
,

2
2
1 1
,
2 2

1 1
,
2 2
1 1
The mid-point R is ,
2 2

y 2 y1
x 2 x1

4 (3)
6 (5)

7
11

7
The gradient of line PQ is m
11

Exercise
(x , y )
(x , y )
3) Given the two points L(8,-3) and M(-1,5) find the
a) distance LM
b) point K, the mid-point of interval LM
c) gradient, mLM, of the line joining LM
1

Helpful Hints:
1) It is usually a good idea to make a little
sketch.
2) Write down ALL point formulae used in
coordinate geometry.
3) Label points clearly (x1, y1) & (x2,y2)
4) Is your answer what you expect or realistic
for the problem.

a) Dis tan ce : d

x 2 x1 y 2 y1
2

The distance LM is d = 145

x x1 y 2 y1
b) Mid point K 2
,

2
2

L(8,-3)

Distance PQ : d (x 2 x1) (y 2 y 2 )
2

x x1 y 2 y1
Mid point of PQ : 2
,

2
2
y y
Gradient of PQ : m 2 1
x 2 x1
m tan

c) Gradient, m

(1) 8 5 (3)

145

M(-1,5)

(1) 8 5 (3)
K
,

2
2
7 2
,
2 2

7
,1
2
7
The mid-point K is ,1
2

y 2 y1
x 2 x1

5 (3)
(1) 8

8
9

8
The gradient of line LM is m
9