Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Optimization Course
Date: Feb 2016
Reference: www.3gpp.org
Copyright 2015 LCC. All rights reserved.
Ye
s
RF Optimization
finished
Adjustments:
Physical parameters
adjustment
Parameters adjustment
Neighbor cell list
adjustment
Problem Analysis and troubleshooting
N
neighbor cell list
o
poor coverage
cell overshooting/overlapping
pilot pollution
handover
interference
Congestion
GSM RF Optimization
Analyzing performance retrieve tool reports and statistics for the worst performing BSCs and/or Sites
Viewing Reports for BSC/Site performance trends
Examining Planning tool Coverage predictions
Analyzing previous drive test data
Discussions with local engineers to prioritize problems
Checking Customer Complaints reported to local engineers
Cluster definitions by investigating BSC borders, main cities, freeways, major roads
Investigating customer distribution, customer habits (voice/data usage)
Running specific traces on Network to categorize problems
Checking trouble ticket history for previous problems
Checking any fault reports to limit possible hardware problems prior to test
Multi Band Cell Implementation: Traffic balance between (900 -> 1800) within
same site.
Traffic balance between (900 -> 900 and 1800 -> 1800) with neighboring non
congested cells.
TRX Shifting between (900 -> 900 and 1800 -> 1800) within neighboring non
congested cells.
Parameter Optimization such as CRO, RXLEVACCMIN, Max TX POWER etc
C2
Description
Minimum received signal level in dBm at the MS for permission to access the system
C1 = (rxlev ACCMIN) max (CCHPWR P, 0)
The MS camps on the cell providing the highest positive C1. CCHPWR is MS power which may use in
UL
C2 = C1 + CRO TO * H(PT T) for fast moving mobiles
C2 = C1 CRO for normal mobiles
CRO, TO, and PT are broadcast on the BCCH of each cell. The cell reselection process employs a
quantity C2 for GSM phase 2 MSs, which depends on these parameters (GSM 03.22). GSM phase 1
MSs use the quantity C1 for cell reselection instead, i.e. these mobiles do not experience an offset.
CRO
PT
TO
CBQ
CB
Cell Load Sharing
Penalty Timer
Temporary offset
Cell Barred Qualify
Cell Barred
Cell load is shared based on % Available FR TCHs
Different Codec rates for both HR & FR, it maintains the quality of call as well as high congestion
improvement
Change SDCCH/8 to TCH & vice versa in the cell depending on the demand for such channels based
on congestion
Multiband Cell implementation will balance traffic nicely between 900 & 1800 cells of the same site
and also increases the site capacity with very less neighbor definitions
AMR
Adaptive configuration of
Logical Channels
Multi Band Cell
Implementation
WCDMA RF Optimization
eq
Fr
y
nc
e
u
TDMA
Codes
Power
FDMA
Tim
e
e
qu
e
r
F
Us
e
U
Us ser r
Us e r
Us e r
er
Power
Tim
e
Time
cy
en
u
eq
Fr
y
nc
Frequency
3G WCDMA Technology
Channel bandwidth: 5MHz
User A P
Data
QPSK/QPSK
Fast closed loop power control:
1500Hz
Uplink/downlink modulation:
User B
Data after
spreading
f
Transmission
over the air
f
Despread
User
User BA signal
signal
at the receiver
UMTS Structure-Basic
Core Network
Iu
Iu
RNS
RNS
Iur
RNC
Iub
Node B
RNC
Iub
Node B
Iub
Node B
Iub
Node B
Soft/Softer/IRAT HO
Softer handover
-two cells within the same RBS in Active Set
Cell B
Cell C
Soft/Softer handover
-three cells in Active Set
Cell A
Single Link
Soft handover
-two cells from different RBS in Active Set
Inter RAT Handover
The UE measured the CPICH Signal strenght (RSCP) and quality (Ec/No) to
determine which cell to add in the active set
Using the WCDMA Frequency
WCDMA Coverage
GSM Coverage
Road
Page29
Page30
Page31
Page32
Page33
Page34
UE_Tx_Power 10 dBm
>= 95%
Page35
The distribution of UE transmit power reflects the distribution of uplink interference and
uplink path loss
Page36
RSCP (dBm)
-65
-70
-75
-62
-63
-80
-64
-66
-67
-85
-81
-90
SC1
SC2
Active Set
SC3
SC4
SC5
Pilot Pollution
SC6
Not
Pilot Pollution
Page37
Page38
Page39
Page40
We can Compare the active set Ec/Io distribution diagram measured by UE and that
measured by scanner
The spots with missing neighbor cells has a poor Ec/Io measured by UE and a strong Ec/Io
scanned by scanner
Page41
Page42
Accessibility
Retainability
Consistency
Check
Idle mode
Parameters
Neighbours
Scrambling Codes
Statistics
Counter types
Profiles
Counter Activation
HO Performance
Integrity
RRC Connection
BLER
SF Usage
NAS
RAB Assignments
Alarms
Cell availability
Call Setup Success rate
RRC Setup success rate
RAB Setup success rate
Abnormal release
(drop)-CS/R99/HSPA
Soft HOSR
IRAT HOSR
LCC Ref No: ET_LCC:15_442
BLER
Throughput(Kbps)
Code Usage
KPI
CSSR%
Coverage/Quality/
Availability/Capac
ity/Usage
Considerations
Payload(GB)
RRC+RAB Rejects
Copyright 2015 LCC. All rights reserved.
CSSR-HSDPA
CSSR-HSUPA
CSSR-Rel99
CSSR-Voice
DCR-HSDPA
DCR-HSUPA
DCR-Rel99
DCR-Voice
CS Video Call Att
CS Voice Call Att
HSDPA Estab Att
HSUPA Estab Att
Rel99 Estab Att
DL Payload HSDPA(GB)
DL Payload R99(GB)
DL Payload Signalling(GB)
DL Payload Voice(GB)
UL Payload HSUPA(GB)
UL Payload R99(GB)
UL Payload Signalling(GB)
UL Payload Video(GB)
UL Payload Voice(GB)
SOFT HOSR
3G-2G HOSR
Downtime
HSDPA_Avg Thrpt_per user(kbps)
HSUPA_Avg Thrpt_per user(Kbps)
R99_Avg Thrpt_per user(DL) kbps
RRC+RAB DL CE Reject
RRC+RAB DL Code Reject
RRC+RAB DL Power Reject
RRC+RAB Iub Reject
Delivering Value. Together 44
SPEED
CAPACITY
REDUCED DELAY
STANDARDIZED
Smooth Upgrade
Higher-order Modulation
16QAM in complement to QPSK for
higher peak bit rates
2 ms
3GPP Release 5
Power
Power
Unused power
Common channels
Common channels
t
Power usage with dedicated channels
t
Power usage with dedicated channels
3.5G (HSPA+)
High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) is an amalgamation of two mobile telephony
protocols, High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and High Speed Uplink
Packet Access (HSUPA), that extends and improves the performance of existing
WCDMA protocols
3.5G introduces many new features that will enhance the UMTS technology in future.
Why DC-HSDPA?
DC-HSDPA Vs MIMO
LTE RF Optimization
4G (LTE)
High data rates
Downlink: >100 Mbps
Uplink: >50 Mbps
Cell-edge data rates
2-3 x HSPA Rel. 6 (16QAM, no MIMO, no DC)
Low delay/latency
LTE features
OFDM Radio Technology
OFDM
SC-FDMA
Multi-antenna transmission
TX
TX
Spectrum flexibility
1.4
Simplicity
10
15
FDD
20 MHz
TDD
SON
IP transport
LTE Vs HSPA+
HSDPA +
LTE
Architecture
NodeB RNC CN
eNodeB EPC
Transport
All IP
Bandwidth Support
1.4 3 5 10 15 20MHz
Radio Bearers
PS only PDSCH/PUSCH
UE States
LTE Architecture
IP networks
GGSN/MPG (P/S-GW)
SGSN/MME
EPC
BSC
RNC
Data
WCDMA
Signaling
LTE
frequency
Time
Division
Multiple
Access
tim
e
time
frequency
Each User has a unique
frequency
Orthogonal
Frequency
Division
Multiple
Access
Code
Division
Multiple
Access
frequency
Each User and each channel
has a unique
Time and Frequency
Resource
Many users are separated in
frequency and/or time
LTE, Wimax
(WLAN 802.11a,g, DAB radio)
WCDMA
RX
TxDiv
TX
RX
TxDiv
Improves speed at cell edge
SIMO
TX
RX
Path loss /
Distance from RBS
- BW = 5 MHz
LTE PCI
Group #0
Group #1
Group #2
Group #167
PCI0
PCI3
PCI6
PCI501
PCI1 PCI2
PCI4 PCI5
PCI7 PCI8
PCI502 PCI503
PSS signal
3 different sequences called Physical-Layer Identities (0-2)
Nin(2)3GPP. Parameter: PhysicalLayerSubCellId
ID
SSS signal
168 different sequences called Physical-Layer Cell-Identity groups (0-167)
Parameter: PhysicalLayerCellIdGroup
Nin(1)3GPP.
ID
Default EPS bearer Activation for LTE is used in similar context with PDP Context activation in
WCDMA here and the measurement flow is shown below
UE
eNB
MME/SGW
SRB1
RRC_CONNECTION_SETUP_COMPLETE
(PDN_CONNECTIVITY_REQUEST, ATTACH REQUEST)
DL_INFORMATION_TRANSFER (IDENTITY REQUEST)
UL_INFORMATION_TRANSFER (IDENTITY RESPONSE)
DL_INFORMATION_TRANSFER (AUTHENTICATION_REQUEST)
UL_INFORMATION_TRANSFER (AUTHENTICATION_RESPONSE)
DL_INFORMATION_TRANSFER (SECURITY MODE COMMAND)
INITIAL UE MESSAGE
(PDN_CONNECTIVITY_REQUEST, ATTACH REQUEST)
DOWNLINK_NAS_TRANSPORT (IDENTITY REQUEST)
UPLINK_NAS_TRANSPORT (IDENTITY RESPONSE)
DOWNLINK_NAS_TRANSPORT (AUTHENTICATION_REQUEST)
UPLINK_NAS_TRANSPORT (AUTHENTICATION_RESPONSE)
DOWNLINK_NAS_TRANSPORT (SECURITY MODE COMMAND)
SECURITY_MODE_COMPLETE
UE CAPABILITY ENQUIRY
UE CAPABILITY INFORMATION
SRB2 &
DRB3
RRC_CONNECTION_RECONFIGURATION
UPLINK_NAS_TRANSPORT
(ACTIVATE_DEFAULT_EPS_BEARER_CONTEXT_ACCEPT, ATTACH COMPLETE)
UE
eNB
MME/SGW
SRB1
INITIAL UE MESSAGE
(PDN_CONNECTIVITY_REQUEST, ATTACH REQUEST)
RRC_CONNECTION_SETUP_COMPLETE
(PDN_CONNECTIVITY_REQUEST, ATTACH REQUEST)
DL_INFORMATION_TRANSFER (AUTHENTICATION_REQUEST)
UL_INFORMATION_TRANSFER (AUTHENTICATION_RESPONSE)
UPLINK_NAS_TRANSPORT (AUTHENTICATION_RESPONSE)
DOWNLINK_NAS_TRANSPORT (SECURITY MODE COMMAND)
SECURITY_MODE_COMMAND
SECURITY_MODE_COMPLETE
UE CAPABILITY ENQUIRY
UE CAPABILITY INFORMATION
SRB2 &
DRB3
RRC_CONNECTION_RECONFIGURATION
ATTACH ACCEPT, (ACTIVATE_DEFAULT_EPS_BEARER_CONTEXT_REQ)
RRC_CONNECTION_RECONFIGURATION_COMPLETE
INITIAL_CONTEXT_SETUP_RESPONSE
UL_INFORMATION_TRANSFER
(ACTIVATE_DEFAULT_EPS_BEARER_CONTEXT_ACCEPT, ATTACH COMPLETE)
UPLINK_NAS_TRANSPORT
(ACTIVATE_DEFAULT_EPS_BEARER_CONTEXT_ACCEPT, ATTACH COMPLETE)
LTE RF Optimization
Counters
Cell pair HO analysis with inter site distance information. Indicating HOs to cells with
long inter site distance.
PCI Optimization
Avoid using the same PCIs within the same site and as neighbors
[High priority]
Avoid using conflicting Physical-Layer Identity (
) values within the
same site and adjacent facing sectors.
Avoid using conflicting Physical-Layer Cell-Identity group (same
)
within the same site and as neighbors.
Avoid using conflicting PCI mod30 values within the same site and as
neighbors.
Confusion: direct
neighbors have the same
PCI
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Max of Tput
mobility 0% DL
Max of SINR
Max of Tput
Max of SINR
mobility 100% DL
GSM&/WCDMA
- Ant
LTE Sec1
- Ant
LTE Sec2/3
- Ant
Sample
GSM&WCDMA
- BTS
BTS
-LTE
ANR Function
The UE reports neighbor
measurement; PCI=5.
Cell A concludes that PCI=5 is not
known.
Cell A orders the UE to read CGI for
Cell B.
The UE reads and reports CGI
broadcast for Cell B. A neighbor cell is
added and handover can be done.
The RBS checks if X2 is allowed to the
RBS where Cell B is contained.
The RBS gets the IP address for the
target RBS from DNS or through S1
configuration transfer. More information
can be found in X2 Configuration
X2 is established.
Cell A updates OSS-RC and
observation data.
Thank you
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