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Anithra.S S
Natural Science
Biotechnology
Biotechnology helps to meet
our basic needs.
Food, clothing, shelter,
health and safety
Biotechnology
Improvements by using
science
Science helps in production
plants, animals and other
organisms
Biotechnology
Also used in maintaining
a good environment that
promotes our well being
Definition
Any technique that uses living
organisms or substances from those
organisms to make or modify a
product, to improve plants or
animals.
Cont.
Or to develop
microorganisms for specific
uses.
Modern biotechnology
DNA
RNA
Transcription
Protein
Translation
Agricultural View
All of the applied science
based operations in
producing food, fiber, shelter,
and related products
Agricultural View
Milk production
New horticultural and
ornamental plants
Wildlife, aquaculture, natural
resources and environmental
management
Multidisciplinary
Involves many disciplines or
branches of learning
Includes all areas of Life
Sciences
Organismic Biotech
Study and use natural genetic
variations
Cloning is an example of
organismic biotech
Cloning
Process of producing a new
organism from cells or tissues
of existing organism.
1996 cloned sheep Dolly
Edinburgh, Scotland
Molecular Biotech
Changing the genetic makeup of an organism
Altering the structure and
parts of cells
Complex!
Molecular Biotech
Uses genetic engineering,
molecular mapping and
similar processes
Transgenic
Results of Gen. Eng. Are said
to be transgenic
Genetic material in an
organism has been altered
Biotech examples
Medicine
Agriculture
Environment
Forestry
Food and beverage processing
Greater Production
Increases yields
bST use in cows to produce
more milk
Higher crop yields from
drought, disease & insect
resistant crops
Health Promoting
Foods
Easy preparation
Flavr-Savr Tomato
Reached the market in early
1990s
Engineered to have a longer
shelf life
Flavr-Savr
No soft spots
No rotten spots
Tomato resists spoilage
Transfer of new
genes into animal
organisms
Diagnostics
Cell
Culture
Monoclonal
Antibodies
Crime solving
Molecular
Biology
DNA
technology
Tracers
Genetic
Engineering
Banks of
DNA, RNA
and proteins
Complete
map of the
human
genome
Anti-cancer drugs
Culture of plants
from single cells
Synthesis
of new
proteins
Mass prodn. of
human proteins
Resource bank
for rare human
chemicals
New types of
plants and
animals
New types
of food
Cloning
New
antibiotics
Synthesis of
specific DNA
probes
Localisation of
genetic disorders
Gene therapy
Biotechnology Timeline
1750 BC
500 BC
1590
1675
1830
1833
1855
Biotechnology Timeline
1859
1864
1865
1902
Biotechnology Timeline
1910
Chromosomal theory of
inheritance proved
1928
1941
1949
Biotechnology Timeline
1952
1953
unravelled
1967
1973
Recombinant DNA
technology begins
1975
Biotechnology Timeline
1975
1975
Monoclonal antibody
technology introduced
1978
1978
1978
Biotechnology Timeline
1989
1990
1990
1993
1994
Biotechnology Timeline
1996
1990s
1996
Development of Affymetrix
GeneChip
1997
History of Biotechnology
1998
1999
2000
2001
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