TREATMENT OF TEXTILE WASTEWATER USING

NATURAL COAGULANTS
THESIS BY
PROVAS DEBNATH
Student ID: 111077
In Co-Operation with
KAZI AZIZUR RAHAMAN
Student ID: 111079

CHANCHAL KUMAR BISWAS

Student ID: 111110
SUPERVISOR

DR. MD. AKRAMUL ALAM

PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, DUET.

Presentation Outline:
Objective of Thesis Work
Background
Present-day Wastewater Treatment Practices
Materials and Methodology
Results and Discussions
Conclusions
Recommendations

Objectives of Thesis Work:

The overall objective of this study was to assess the performance of natural coagulation
in treating textile wastewater. Specific aims of the study were:
1. To determine the raw wastewater quality through analysis of some selected
water Quality parameters like Color, pH, Turbidity, TDS and COD.
2. To observe the variation of removal efficiency using different dosage of
Maize Seed (MS) and Cicer Arietinum (CA).
3. To identify the suitable coagulant dose for the treatment of textile dyeing
wastewater.

Background

Textile
industries
major contribution
our economy.
Textile
industryhas
generates
high level ofon
polluted
wastewater.
Approximately
5 millionelement
of involved
with textile
industry(source
: BGMEA 2010)
Usually
these objectionable
are present
in textile
effluent:
40% vat (value addition tax) comes from textile sector.
a) Dissolved solids;
90% of the domestic fabrics and 100% yarn requirements for knit garments are met
b) Color and Turbidity;
by primary textile sector.
c) pH and Temperature;
Contributes 13% to GDP.
d) Organic content in terms of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical
Oxygen Demand (COD);
e) Oil and Greases;
f) Heavy metals content (Pb, Zn, Cr, Fe, etc).

Background

Plant
species
Interrupt photosynthesis activity
Decreases soil quality
Affects plant growth

Increase aqueous toxicity,

COD & BOD

Environment

Aquatic
animals

Textile
effluents

Increased level of danger to

life of aquatic animals

Hazardous diseases
Carcinogenic

Human
beings
5

Present-day Wastewater Treatment Practices

At present times four methods which are usually used in wastewater treatment in
Bangladesh are:
1. Physico-chemical methods,
2. Activated sludge process (ASP),
3. Combined Physico-chemical and Biological methods and
4. Oxidation methods with chlorine gas.

Coagulation Process
It is a controlled process, which forms a floc (flocculent precipitate) and results in
obtaining a clear effluent free from matter in suspension or in the colloidal state.

Natural Coagulant
If plant/organic materials used as Coagulant

Benefits of Natural Coagulant:

It is natural, completely non-toxic.
It is completely biodegradable.
Mass production is possible in the respect of our country, if required.

Materials & Methodology

Adding Coagulant to Raw wastewater

Collection of Raw Water

Preparation of Materials

Following
At first both
steps
Materials
wereSolution
taken:
(Maize and
Cicer Arietinum)
Preparation
of
Stock
of Natural
Coagulants:
were bought from the local market

Addition of coagulant to Raw wastewater

1)
Dried
inrapidly
Oven at (180
60
C for
2 hours
2) Grinding
of Materials

2%
Suspension
was
prepared
Adding
100 ml
Stirred
rpm)
for 10 by
min.

Preparation of Stock
Solution
Perform Jar Test

1) Weighing of Powder

Stirring
of Coagulant
Jar 2)
Test
Performance

Then
Slowwith
stirring
rpm) for 10 min.
Tap
water
2g (40
of powder.

Vigorously stirred.
Filtered through Whatman No. 1
Maize Seed

Cicer Arietinum

Filtered
Coagulant
3) Sieved of
through
200 m
Fine Powder
of Materials
3) Filtration
Coagulant
Fig: Collected Sample

Settling time 60 minutes given

Results
Characteristics of Raw Water: Raw wastewater contains following characteristics:
Parameter

Intensity

Color

1600 Pt-Co

Turbidity

21.1 NTU

pH

9.73

Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)

1581 mg/l

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)

1944 mg/l

Results
Coagulant: Maize Seed

Parameter:
Parameter: Turbidity
TDS
pH
Color

9.62

1600
1550
12

9.61

1400
1500 10

9.6
9.59
9.58

1200
1450 8
1000

9.57
1400800
6
Color
in
Pt-Co
TDS
pH
Turbidity
in
mg/l
in NTU
9.56
9.55
9.54
9.53
9.52

600
1350 4
400
1300 2
200
1250 0
16

16 16 24

24 24

32 3232
32

40
4040
40

48
48
48
48

Coagulation
Dose
Coagulation
Coagulation
Coagulation
Dose
Dose
inDose
ml
in in
ml
inml
ml

Fig:Fig:
Variation
of Turbidity
for
different
dosage
Coagulant
Variation
ofofColor
for
different
dosage
Coagulant
Fig:
Variation
TDS
pH for
different
dosage
ofofof
Coagulant

Results
Coagulant:
Cicer
Arietinum
Parameter:
COD

Parameter:
Parameter: Turbidity
TDS
pH
Color

2500
8.88
8.86
2000
8.84
8.82
1500
8.8

1400
1550
12.5
120012
1500
1000
11.5
1450
80011

COD
in 8.78
mg/l
Color
Pt-Co
TDS
pH
Turbidity
inin
mg/l
in NTU
1000
8.76

600
10.5
1400

8.74

40010

8.72
500

1350
200
9.5

8.7
8.68
0

1300
16

09

16 1616 24

Raw Water

24 24
24

32 3232
32

40
4040
40

48
48
48
48

Maize Seed Dose in ml Cicer Arietinum

Coagulation
Coagulation
Coagulation
Coagulation
Dose
Dose
inDose
ml
in ml
in ml

Fig:
Variation
ofofTurbidity
for
different
dosage
of
Coagulant
Fig:
Variation
ofCOD
for
different
dosage
Coagulant
Fig:
Variation
ofColor
TDS
pHfor
for
different
dosage
ofoffor
Coagulant
Fig:
Variation
different
coagulant
40 ml dosage

Results
Comparison: Maize Seed vs Cicer Arietinum

COD
Parameter:
Parameter: Turbidity
TDS
pH
Color

12
16

4519 70

40
14removal
Percentage of Turbidity
60
18.5
10
Percentage of color removal
35
12
50
3018
8
10
25 40
17.5
Percentage of pH removal
Percentage of TDS removal 68
20 30
17
6
Percentage of COD removal
15
4
20
4
10
16.5
2
10
2
5
16
0
00
0
16 24
24 24 32 3232 40 4040
16
16
16
24
15.5
Coagulation
Dose
mlml
Coagulation
Coagulation
Coagulation
Dose
Dose
in
in
ml
Dose
mlin in
15
Maize
Seed
Cicer
Arietinum
Maize
MaizeSeed
Seed Cicer
Cicer
Arietinum
Arietinum
Maize
Seed

48
48
48
48

Cicer Arietinum

Fig:
Fig:
Comparison
Comparison
%%
removal
removal
ofof
Turbidity
COD
between
between
two
two
Color
between
two
Fig:
Comparisonofof
of
%
removal
of
TDS
pH between
between
two
two
coagulant
coagulant
coagulant
coagulant
for
for
different
40 ml dosage
dosage
for
different
dosage

Conclusions
The overall object of this study was to assess to performance of Natural
Coagulant in treating of textile wastewater. Major conclusions are
summarized below:
1) Overall it was observed that dosage of 40 ml brought on most effective
result amongst all doses (16 ml, 24 ml, 32 ml, 40 ml, 48 ml ) in case of both
coagulant.
2) It was observed that, among these two coagulant (Maize Seed and Cicer
Arietinum), Maize Seed has been more effective to treat Turbidity, TDS
and COD and Cicer Arietinum is more effective to treat Color and pH.

Recommendations for Future Study

Major recommendation for continuation of the present work in the future are
summarized as follows:
1) The pH could be adjusted first and then treated with the optimum dose.
2) Only five parameters are observed in this present work. Number of
parameter could be increased to get more effective optimum dose.
3) Other coagulant could be used under this study are Moringa Oliefera,
Amla Seed, Papaya Seed etc.

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