Engg Mechanics Moment of Inertia

T-1
MOMENT OF INERTIA
Moment of Inertia:
Theproductoftheelementalareaandsquareofthe
perpendiculardistancebetweenthecentroidofareaandthe
axisofreferenceistheMomentofInertiaaboutthe
referenceaxis.
y
dA
2
Ixx=dA.y
x
2
Iyy=dA.x
y
x
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T-2
Itisalsocalledsecondmomentofareabecausefirst
momentofelementalareaisdA.yanddA.x;andifitis
againmultipliedbythedistance,wegetsecond
momentofelementalareaas(dA.y)yand(dA.x)x.
T-3
Polar moment of Inertia

(Perpendicular Axes theorem)
Themomentofinertiaofanareaaboutanaxisperpendicular
totheplaneoftheareaiscalledPolarMomentofInertia
anditisdenotedbysymbolIzzorJorIp.Themomentof
inertiaofanareainxyplanew.r.toz.axisisIzz=Ip=J=r2dA
=(x2+y2)dA=x2dA+y2dA=Ixx+Iyy
Y
z
T-4
PERPENDICULARAXISTHEOREM
HencepolarM.I.foranareaw.r.t.anaxisperpendicularto
itsplaneofareaisequaltothesumoftheM.I.aboutany
twomutuallyperpendicularaxesinitsplane,passing
throughthepointofintersectionofthepolaraxisandthe
area.
T-5
Parallel Axis Theorem
dA
x0
*G
y
x
x0
_
d
x
T-6
Ixx = dA. y2
_
= dA (d +y')2
_
_
= dA (d2+ y'2 + 2dy')
_
= dA. d2 + dAy2 + 2d.dAy'
_
d2 dA = A.(d)2
dA. y'2 = Ix0x0
_
2d dAy = 0
(sinceIstmomentofareaaboutcentroidalaxis=0)
_
2
I
=I
+Ad
xx x0x0
T-7
Hence,momentofinertiaofanyareaaboutanaxisxxis
equaltotheM.I.aboutparallelcentroidalaxisplusthe
product of the total area and square of the distance
betweenthetwoaxes.
Radius of Gyration
Itistheperpendiculardistanceatwhichthewholeareamaybe
assumedtobeconcentrated,yieldingthesamesecond
momentoftheareaabovetheaxisunderconsideration.
T-8
Iyy=A.ryy2
Ixx=A.rxx2
ryy= Iyy/A
And rxx= Ixx/A
rxx
ryy
rxxandryyarecalledtheradiiofgyration
T-9
MOMENT OF INERTIA BY DIRECT INTEGRATION
M.I.aboutitshorizontalcentroidalaxis:
RECTANGLE:
+d/2
IXoXo=-d/2 dAy2
+d/2
=-d/2 (b.dy)y2
dy
d/2
=bd /12
x0
Aboutitsbase
d
G
x0
IXX=IXoXo+A(d)2
Whered=d/2,the
distancebetweenaxesxx
andxoxo
x
b
T-10
(2) TRIANGLE :
(a)M.I.about its base :

Ixx=dA.y2=(x.dy)y2
Fromsimilartriangles
b/h=x/(h-y)
x=b.(h-y)/h
h
h
x0
Ixx=(b.(h-y)y2.dy)/h
0
=b[h(y3/3)y4/4]/h
=bh3/12
(h-y)
dy
h/3
x0
x
T-11
(b)Momentofinertiaaboutitscentroidalaxis:
_
Ixx=Ix x +Ad2
0 0
_
Ix x =IxxAd2
0 0
=bh3/12bh/2.(h/3)2=bh3/36
T-12
3. CIRCULAR AREA:
Ix x =dA.y2
0 0
R2
=(x.d.dr)r2Sin2
00
x
x0
R2
=r3.drSin2d
00
y=rSin
R2
3
=r dr{(1-
Cos2)/2}d
0R02
=[r4/4][/2Sin2/4]
00
T-13
4. SEMI CIRCULAR AREA:

Ixx=dA.y2
=(r.d.dr)r2Sin2
y0
0 0
R
3
=r .drSin2d
00
x0
4R/3
=r dr(1-Cos2)/2)d
x
00
=[R4/4][/2Sin2/4]
0
=R4/4[/2-0]=R4/8
R
3
x0
x
y0
T-14
Abouthorizontalcentroidalaxis:
2
Ixx=Ix x +A(d)
0 0
Ix x =IxxA(d)2
0 0
=R4/8R2/2.
(4R/3)2
I
=0.11R4
T-15
QUARTER CIRCLE:
Ixx=Iyy
R/2
Ixx=(r.d.dr).
r2Sin2
00
y0
x0
x0
4R/3
R/2
3
=r .drSin2d
00
R/2
=r3dr(1-Cos2)/2)
d
00
y0
4R/3
T-16
MomentofinertiaaboutCentroidalaxis,
_
Ix x =Ixx-Ad2
0 0
=R4/16-R2.(0.424R)2
=0.055R4
ThefollowingtableindicatesthefinalvaluesofM.I.
aboutXandYaxesfordifferentgeometricalfigures.
Sl.No
Y
x0
Figure
b
d/2
Xo
x0
x0
x
3
O
y0
x0
x
y0
y0
I xx
bd3/12
bd3/3
bh3/36
bh3/12
R4/4
R4/4
0.11R4
R4/8
R4/8
0.055R4
0.055R4
R4/16
R4/16
0 0
h/3
x
y0
x0
4R/3
x0
x
x0
4R/3
I y -y
y0
R
x0
I x -x
0 0
d
x0
x
T-17
I yy
4R/3
EP-1
EXERCISE PROBLEMS ON M.I.

Q.1.Determinethemomentofinertiaaboutthecentroidal
axes.
30mm
30mm
20
30mm
100mm
[Ans:Y=27.69mmIxx=1.801x106mm4
Iyy=1.855x106mm4]
EP-2
Q.2.Determinesecondmomentofareaaboutthecentroidal
300mm
horizontalandverticalaxes.
300mm
200
200mm
900mm
[Ans:X=99.7mmfromA,Y=265mm
Ixx=10.29x109mm4,Iyy=16.97x109mm4]
EP-3
Q.3.DetermineM.I.Ofthebuiltupsectionaboutthe
horizontalandverticalcentroidalaxesandtheradiiof
gyration.
200mm
20
60
140mm
20
100mm
[Ans:Ixx=45.54x106mm4,Iyy=24.15x106mm4
r =62.66mm,r =45.63mm]
EP-4
Q.4.DeterminethehorizontalandverticalcentroidalM.I.Of
theshadedportionofthefigure.
60
60
20
20
60
[Ans:X=83.1mm
I =2228.94x104mm4,I =4789.61x104mm4]
EP-5
Q.5.Determinethespacingofthesymmetricallyplaced
verticalblockssuchthatIxx=Iyyfortheshadedarea.
200mm
400mm
200mm
200mm
200mm
600mm
[Ans:d/2=223.9mmd=447.8mm]
EP-6
Q.6.Findthehorizontalandverticalcentroidalmomentof
inertiaofthesectionshowninFig.builtupwithR.S.J.(ISection)250x250andtwoplates400x16mmeachattached
onetoeach.
PropertiesofIsectionare 160mm
Ixx=7983.9x104mm4
2500mm
Iyy=2011.7x104mm4
2
Crosssectionalarea=6971mm
160mm
4000mm
[Ans:I =30.653x107mm4,I =19.078x107mm4]
EP-7
Q.7.Findthehorizontalandverticalcentroidalmomentof
inertiaofbuiltupsectionshowninFigure.Thesection
consistsof4symmetricallyplacedISA60x60withtwo
plates300x20mm2.
PropertiesofISA
Crosssectionalarea=4400mm2
Ixx=Iyy;Cxx=Cyy=18.5mm
18.5mm
200mm
18.5mm
20mm
300mm
[Ans:I =111.078x107mm4,I =39.574x107mm4]
EP-8
Q.8.TheR.S.ChannelsectionISAIC300areplacedbackto
backwithrequiredtokeeptheminplace.Determinethe
cleardistancedbetweenthemsothatIxx=Iyyforthe
compositesection.
Lacing
PropertiesofISMC300
Y
C/SArea=4564mm2
Ixx=6362.6x104mm4
Iyy=310.8x104mm4
23.6mm
X 380mm
Cyy=23.6mm
[Ans:d=183.1mm]
d
Y
EP-9
Q9.DeterminehorizontalandverticalcentroidalM.I.forthe
sectionshowninfigure.
40mm
160mm
40mm
40mm
90mm
[Ans:I =2870.43x104mm4,I =521.64x104mm4]

Engg Mechanics Moment of Inertia

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T-1

Polar moment of Inertia

Parallel Axis Theorem

And rxx= Ixx/A

MOMENT OF INERTIA BY DIRECT INTEGRATION

(a)M.I.about its base :

4. SEMI CIRCULAR AREA:

EXERCISE PROBLEMS ON M.I.

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