UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA (UTHM)

MECHANICAL AND MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING FACULTY

BDA 27201 ENGINEERING LABORATORY IV (THERMODYNAMICS)

T5 - BOYLES LAW
TEAM NUMBER 11
TEAM MEMBERS : 1. SHAHARUL AZWAN BIN YAHYA CD110301
2. SHAMY NAZREIN BIN MD YAHAYA CD110341
3. SYAHRIL BIN ABDUL RAZAK CD110320
4. TAN WOOI KEAN
CD110363
5. THAWISAP A/L DEANG
CD110309
LECTURE : 1. EN. NOR ADRIAN B. NOR SALIM
2. IR MOHD NORANI B. MANSOR

OBJECTIVE
Measuring the volume, V of an air column as a

function of the pressure, p at a constant

temperature, T.

Confirming and understanding the Boyles law

theory.

THEORY
Also know as Boyle Mariotte law
For a fixed mass of ideal gas at fixed

temperature, the product of pressure and

volume is a constant

 The value of C is computed from measurements of volume

and pressure for a fixed quantity of gas, As long as the

temperature constraint and the quantity gas fixed
constraint
In this experiment the Boyles law is confirmed by means

of a gas thermometer which consist of glass capillary open

at one end.
By pumping off air at room temperature with a hand pump,

an under pressure p with respect to the outside pressure

is generated at the open end of the capillary.
The mercury seal itself exerts a pressure on the enclosed

air.

PROCEDUREs

1. The gas chamber was mounted in the stand

device.
2. The reading of hand pump was ensured to be 0

mBar or push the ventilation valve of the hand

pump to reduce the pressure different , p to 0.
3. The ambient temperature, was measured and

recorded, also for atmosphere pressure, .

4. The height of the mercury seal, was measured

from the scale of the gas chamber.


5. The height of the air column, h at p = 0 (before

apply the pressure differential) was read and

recorded.
6. The pressure differential, p = -50 mBar was

generated. The height of the air column, h was

read and together with p was recorded.
7. Step (6) was repeated and recorded for the data

every increasement of - 50 mBar until it

reaches the maximum value of h.
8. The reading of ambient temperature, was

measure and atmospheric pressure, again.

RESULT & CALCULATION

Data Sheet
Atmosphere pressure, P (bar) =
1.020 bar (before experiment)
1.020 bar (after experiment)
Ambient temperature, To (C) =

25.7 C (before experiment)

25.6 C (after experiment)
Height of mercury seal, h Hg = 104 mm

Table 1: Pressure and Volume Measurement

p (mbar)
0
0

h (mm)
104
104

p (bar)
1.1589
1.1589

1/p (bar)
0.8629

V ()
5.9540

-50
-50
-100
-100
-150
-150
-200

109
109
112
112
118
118
124

1.1089
1.1089
1.0589
1.0589
1.0089
1.0089
0.9589

0.9018

6.2403

0.9444

6.4120

0.9912

6.7550

1.0429

7.0990

-200
-250

124
133

0.9589
0.9089

1.1002

7.6143

-300
-250

140
133

0.8589
0.9089

1.1643

8.0158

-350
-300
-400
-350
-450
-400
-500
-450

149
140
160
149
166
160
182
166

0.8089
0.8589
0.7589
0.8089
0.7089
0.7589
0.6589
0.7089

1.2362

8.5310

1.3177

9.1610

1.4106

9.5040

1.5177

10.420

-500

182

0.6589

Example Calculation
PHg = PHg.g.hHg

P = 13600 x 9.81 x 0.104

= 13.89 kPa
Hg

Where,
PHg = density of mercury = 13600kg/m
g = acceleration of gravity = 9.81 m/s
hHg = height of mercury seal (m) =
0.104m

Example Calculation

P=
P0 + PHg + P

For P = -50mBar
P = (1.020) + (13.89) + (- 50)
= 1.1089Pa
1/P = 1/ 1.1089
= 0.9018

Where,
P0 = Atmosphere
Pressure
PHg = Pressure of
Mercury

Example Calculation
V = A.h

Area, A
A
=
=

For P = -50mBar
Where,

V
=

= x 0.109

d = 2.7 mm @ 0.0027 m
r = 0.00135 m
h = based on the data
obtained

Graph P against V
12.00
10.00
8.00
Pressure 6.00
(Bar)
4.00
2.00
0.00
0.60

0.70

0.80

0.90
Volume
(^ )

1.00

1.10

1.20

Graph Explanation
Based on the P against V graph, we are able

to determine that as the Pressure decrease,

the volume will increase.
Pressure value is inversely proportional to the

volume value.
This prove Boyles Law.

Graph 1/P against V

12.00
10.00
8.00
1 / Pressure
(Bar)

6.00
4.00
2.00
0.00
0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50 1.60
Volume
(^ )

Graph Explanation
Based on the 1/P against V graph, we are able

to determine that as the value of 1/P increase,

the value of volume also increase.
1/P value is proportional to the volume.
This also prove Boyles Law

Discussion
Discuss the observation during the experiment and both
of graph plotted.

From

this experiment , we can relate the relationship

between pressure and volume at constant temperature.

As the pressure increases , the volume will decreasing.

The

data was first analyzed by a graphical plot at the

pressure applied versus the volume measured.

The

pressure is inversely proportional to the volume at a

constant temperature.

Discuss about error and the factors that will affect the result of
this experiment.
An errors occurred during set the pressure using a hand

vacuum pump.
Pressure hand vacuum pump is not stable after setting this

pressure.
Error occur when taking the reading in mercury seal and the

valve at height of air column.

The factors that can affect the result is when taking the

reading of pressure and height of air column at wrong position.

It will influence the analysis of this experiment and the
objective will be not achieved.

Question

Why the ambient temperature needs to be measured before

and after experiment?
Ambient temperature is refers to the room temperature , at

the temperature which surrounds with object.

Ambient temperature play a major role in personal comfort

as well as the function of many types of machines and

equipment.
Usually , control methods are designed to keep the

temperature stable as temperature functions that can cause

discomfort.
Ambient temperature also can be affected by humidity. With

the humid condition , it can feeling warmer to people.

What is the effect if the mercury in the gas spilled

?

When the mercury in the thermometer is

spilled , liquid mercury begins to turn into a gas.

Mercury is liquid at room temperature.
The affection that will face is the data will

cannot be read and the experiment cannot be

do smoothly.

For a given fixed quantity of gas , the deviations of the

ideal behavior of Boyles Law will be smallest at large or
small volume? Give the justification of your answer.
Boyles Law state that at a constant temperature , the
absolute pressure and the volume of gas are increase
proportionally.
The law can be also stated in a slightly different
manner , that most gases at moderate pressure and
volume is always constant most gases at moderate
pressure and temperature.
The limited technology of the 1600s could not be
produce high pressure or low temperature.
As improvement in technology between pressure and
volume can be accurately described employing real
gases theory.
The deviation is expressed as the compressibility factor.

Conclusion
In this experiment we need to determined the relationship
between pressure and volume at a given constant
temperatures. By analyzing boyles law data using graphical
analysis, it was possible to verify the accuracy of this
spring like relationship P1V1=P2V2 is constant. Based on
the data, there are two graph need to be plotted, graph
pressure against volume and parameter 1/p against
volume. For the first graph when the pressure drop the
volume is increase and for the second graph if 1/p is
increase the volume will also increase.