Percent Yield and Limiting

Reactants
Unit 9

Percent Yield
The

percent yield is the percentage of a

certain product actually produced in a
chemical reaction.
The theoretical yield is predicted by a
stoichiometry problem.

A. Percent Yield
measured in lab

actual yield
% yield
100
theoretical yield
calculated on paper

A. Percent Yield
When

45.8 g of K2CO3 react with excess

HCl, 46.3 g of KCl are formed. Calculate
the theoretical and % yields of KCl.

K2CO3 + 2HCl 2KCl + H2O + CO2

45.8 g

?g
actual: 46.3 g

A. Percent Yield
K2CO3 + 2HCl 2KCl + H2O + CO2
45.8 g

?g
actual: 46.3 g

Theoretical Yield:
45.8 g
K2CO3

1 mol
K2CO3
138.21 g
K2CO3

2 mol
KCl

74.55
g KCl

1 mol
K2CO3

= 49.4
1 mol
g KCl
KCl

A. Percent Yield
K2CO3 + 2HCl 2KCl + H2O + CO2
45.8 g

49.4 g
actual: 46.3 g

Theoretical Yield = 49.4 g KCl

% Yield =

46.3 g
49.4 g

100 = 93.7%

Percent Yield
The

reaction between SO2 and oxygen yields SO3..

Calculate the percent yield of SO3 if 40.0 grams of
SO3is formed, when 32 grams of SO2 react with an
excess of oxygen.

SO2 + O2 SO3

2SO2 + O2 2SO3

32 grams SO2
1 mole SO2
2 mole SO3 80.0642 g SO3

1
64.0648 g SO2 2 mole SO2
1 mole SO3
39.9916085 g SO3

40. g SO3
100 100.02% SO3
39.9916085 g SO3

B. Limiting Reactants
Available Ingredients
4

slices of bread
1 jar of peanut butter
1/2 jar of jelly

Limiting Reactant
bread

Excess Reactants
peanut

butter and jelly

B. Limiting Reactants
Limiting Reactant
used

up in a reaction
determines the amount of product
Excess Reactant
added

to ensure that the other reactant is

completely used up
cheaper & easier to recycle

B. Limiting Reactants
1. Write a balanced equation.
2. For each reactant, calculate the
amount of product formed.
3. Smaller answer indicates:
limiting
amount

reactant
of product

Limiting Reactant Steps (version 2)

1
2
4

Step one
o Write and balance the equation for the reaction.
Step two
o Convert known masses to grams of product.
Step three
o Determine limiting reactant and amount that can be
made.
Step four
o Determine the grams of excess from limiting
reactant.

B. Limiting Reactants
79.1

g of zinc react with 0.90 L of 2.5M HCl.

Identify the limiting and excess reactants. How
many liters of hydrogen are formed at STP?

Zn + 2HCl
79.1 g

0.90 L
2.5M

ZnCl2 + H2
?L

A. Limiting Reactants
Zn + 2HCl
79.1 g

79.1
g Zn

0.90 L
2.5M

1 mol
Zn

1 mol
H2

65.39
g Zn

1 mol
Zn

ZnCl2 + H2
?L

22.4 L
H2

= 27.1 L
1 mol
H2
H2

A. Limiting Reactants
Zn + 2HCl
0.90 L
79.1 g
2.5M
0.90
L

2.5 mol
HCl

1 mol
H2

1L

2 mol
HCl

ZnCl2 + H2
?L

22.4
L H2

= 25 L
1 mol
H2
H2

A. Limiting Reactants
Zn: 27.1 L H2

HCl: 25 L H2

Limiting reactant: HCl

Excess reactant: Zn
Product Formed: 25 L H2

left over zinc

Limiting Reagent or Reactant 2

(problem #2)
How many grams of ammonia will be produced when
20.0 grams of potassium hydroxide react with 15.0
grams of ammonium sulfate?
Step 1

2KOH + (NH4)2SO4 K2SO4 +2NH3 +2H2O

Step 2
2 mole NH3
20.0 g KOH
1 mole KOH

1
56.10564 g KOH 2 moles KOH
17.03052 grams NH3

6.07 grams NH3

1 moles NH3
2 moles NH3
15.0 g (NH4 )2 SO 4
1 mole (NH4 )2 SO 4

1
132.14052 g (NH4 )2 SO 4 1 mole (NH4 )2 SO 4
17.03052 grams NH3

3.87 grams NH3

1 moles NH3

(NH4)2SO4 is the limiting reagent because it will make the

least amount of product. It is the reactant that will run out
first.
Step3
3.87 grams NH3 will be produced.

Limiting Reagent or Reactant 2

Step 4
15.0 g (NH4 )2 SO 4
1 mole (NH4 )2 SO 4
2 mole KOH

1
132.14052 g (NH4 )2 SO 4
1 moles (NH4 )2 SO 4

56.10564 grams KOH

12.73772 grams KOH will be used.
1 mole KOH

There was 20.00 grams originally and 12.73772 grams was

used so therefore 7.26 grams of KOH will be left over.