Gas power plant

MAJOR FIELDS OF APPLICATION- aviation, power generation, oil

and gas industry, marine propulsion
LIMITATIONSNot self starting, low efficiencies at part load, non reversibility,
higher rotor speeds, low overall plant efficiency
APPLICATIONS OF GAS TURBINE PLANTS To drive generators and supply peak loads in steam, diesel,
hydroplants
To work as combination plants with conventional steam boilers
To supply mechanical drive for auxiliaries
Well suited for peak loads since the fuel cost is higher and initial
cost is low
ADVANTAGES
ANDdevelop
DISADVANTAGES
OVER
DIESEL
1
Work
/kg of
Poor
part
load PLANT
air is large
efficiency
2

Less vibrations due to

perfect balancing than
diesel plant

Special metals and

alloys are required for
different components
of the plant

Less space requirement

Special cooling
methods are required

Less capital cost

Short lige

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Higher mechanical
efficiency

Running speed of the turbine

is large diesel engine

Lower installation and

maintenance compared
diesel plant

Torque characteristics are

better than diesel plant

Ignition and lubrication are

simple

10

Specific fuel consumption

does not increase with time
as in the case of diesel plant

11

Poor quality fuels can be

used

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ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OVER SREAM PLANT

1

No Ash Handling

Since space requirement is low it can be installed

where steam plant cannot installed

Low capital cost

Few auxiliaries required

Gas turbines can built relatively quicker

It can be brought on load quickly

The set up of gas plant gives most economic

resluts

For same T & P the ratio of inlet volume would be

only 3.95 against 250 for steam

Thermal eff. increases 3 times faster than steam

beyond 550 degree centigrade

10

Gas plants are economical for short running hours

11

Storage of fuel is much smaller and easy handling

12

Placed closed to load center

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Site selection Located to load center to avoid transmission cost and losses
Site should be away from business centers due noisy operations
Cheap and good quality of fuel should be available
Availability of labor
Availability means of transportation
Land should be available for cheaper price
Bearing capacity of land should be high
SIMPLE GAS TURBINE PLANT

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A gas turbine plant may be defined as one in which the principal

prime mover is of the turbine type and the working medium is a
permanent gas.
Gas turbine consists of turbine, compressor mounted on the
same shaft or coupled to turbine, auxiliaries such as starting
device, auxiliary lubrication pump fuel system, oil system and the
duct system

The working fluid is compressed in a compressor which is generally

rotary multistage type. Heat energy is added to the compressed
fluid in the chamber .
This high energy fluid, at high T&P, then expands in the turbine
unit thereby generating power.
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Part of the power generated is consumed in driving the generating

compressor and accessories and rest is utilized in electrical energy.
Gas turbine works on open, semi closed, closed cycles.
To improve the efficiencies compression expansion of working fluid is
carried out in different stages

Classification of gas turbine power plants:

They are classified according to following criteria
By application, by cycles, by arrangement, by combustion, by fuel

By applicationIn aircrafts -- jet propulsions, prop-jets,

Stationary -- peak load unit, standby units, end of transmission line unit,
base load unit, industrial unit
Locomotivemarine transport

By cycleOpen cycle closed cycle

semi closed cycle

According to arrangementSimple
single shaft
multi shaft intercooledreheat
Regenerative
combination
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Lay out of gas turbine plant

Components of a gas turbine power plant-

main

components of gas turbine are as follows

1. Gas turbine
2. compressors
3. Combustor
4.intercoollers and regenerators

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Gas turbines It employs blades or vanes mounted on a shaft and

enclosed in a casing.
Fluid flow is axial and tangential to the rotor at nearly
constant or increasing radius.
Basic requirements of the turbine- light weight,
high efficiency, reliability in operation, long working
life
Large output is possible per stage with high blade
speeds when blades are designed to withstand high
stresses. more stages are preferred to reduce these
stresses and hence increases overall life of the turbine.
The blades are necessarily be cooled to reduce the stress
due to high temperature of the gases normal cooling is air cooling.
Accessories tachometer, over speed governor, lubricating oil pump,
staring motor or engine, starting set up gear, oil coolers, filters, inlet
and exhaust mufflers

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Components Of Gas
Turbine?
Gas turbines have three main parts:
i) Air compressor
ii) Combustion chamber
iii) Turbine

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Air compressor:
The air compressor and turbine are mounted at
either end on a common shaft, with the combustion
chamber between them.
Gas turbines are not self starting. A starting motor
is used.
The air compressor sucks in air and compresses it,
thereby increasing its pressure.

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11

Combustion chamber:
In the combustion chamber, the compressed air
combines with fuel and the resulting mixture is
burnt.
The greater the pressure of air, the better the fuel
air mixture burns.
Modern gas turbines usually use liquid fuel, but
they may also use gaseous fuel, natural gas or gas
produced artificially by gasification of a solid fuel.

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Turbine:
Hot gases move through a multistage gas turbine.
Like in steam turbine, the gas turbine also has
stationary and moving blades.
The stationary blades
guide the moving gases to the rotor blades
adjust its velocity.
The shaft of the turbine is coupled to a generator.

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Combustion Turbine Fuels

Conventional Fuels
Natural Gas
Liquid Fuel Oil
Nonconventional Fuels
Crude Oil
Refinery Gas
Propane
Synthetic Fuels
Chemical Process
Physical Process
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