DESIGNING

OF
UREA PLANT

UREA

Urea, also known as carbamide, is an organic

compound with the chemical formula CO(NH2)2.

It is a white odourless solid.

Its molecular mass is 60.07g/mol.
Its boiling point is 160C and melting point is 132C.
Specific Heat is 0.42 W/m K.

APPLICATIONS
As a fertiliser in agriculture.
As cattle feed.
As an industrial raw material for a number of household
products like urea formaldehyde, melamine and urea
furfural.
Urea can be used to make urea nitrate, a high
explosive that is used industrially and as part of
some improvised explosive devices. It is a stabilizer
in nitrocellulose explosives.
Urea-containing creams are used as
topical dermatological products to
promote rehydration of the skin.

RAW MATERIALS
Raw materials used for preparation of urea are:
Ammonia
Carbon dioxide

REACTIONS
2NH3 +
(Ammonia)

CO2

(Carbon dioxide)

NH2COONH4

(Ammonium Carbamate)

NH2COONH4

(Ammonium Carbamate)

H 2O +
(Water)

NH2CONH2
(Urea)

UNDESIRABLE REACTION
2NH2CONH2

NH2CONHCONH2 + NH3
(biuret)

This reaction is undesirable, not only

because it lowers the yield of urea, but
because biuret burns the leaves of plants.
This means that urea which contains high
levels of biuret is unsuitable for use as a
fertiliser.

PROCESS SELECTION
Several processes used to urea manufacturing:
1. Sanam-Pragetti Process
2.Toyo Koatsu process (Total recycle process)
3. Stripping process
Some other processes for direct synthesis of urea
are:
Chemico process
Moniticatini process
CPI allied
Morsk hydro pressure

VARIOUS STEPS
Compression of CO2
Urea synthesis and high pressure recovery
Urea purification and low pressure recovery
Urea Concentration
Urea Prilling

COMPONENTS OF DESIGNING

Site selection
Flow sheet
Piping
Material and energy balance
Packaging and storage
Economics

DESIGNING OF VARIOUS EQUIPMENTS

Heat exchanger
Stripper
Reactor
Pump
Condenser
Prilling Tower

THANK
YOU