SEMINAR ON INDUSTRIAL TRAINING AT 33/11 KV SUBSTATION

UPCL( VASANT VIHAAR)

BY
MANOJ (EE IV YEAR)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING(GBPEC)

CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS UPCL
WHAT IS POWER SYSTEM

WHAT IS SUBSTATION

TRANSFORMER
DIFFERENT TYPE OF COMPONENT USED IN 33/11 KV SUBSTATION
CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION
India has been divided into four regions for power system planning and operation. These regions
are the Northern region, Western region, Eastern region and North-eastern region.

In Present almost 70% of the population is enjoying the fruits of electricity.

The present day electricity power system is AC i.e. electric power is generated, transmitted and
distributed in the form of alternating current.

The electric power is produced at the power station, which are located at favorable place,
generally quite away from the consumers

UTTARAKHAND POWER CORPORATION

LIMITED
Uttarakhand Power Corporation Ltd (UPCL), formerly Uttaranchal Power Corporation Ltd was incorporated under the
Companies Act, 1956 on February 12, 2001
UPCL, the State Power Distribution Utility of the Government of Uttaranchal (GOU) caters to the Sub Transmission &
Distribution Secondary Substations & Distribution Lines 66 KV & below in the State .UPCL - the Frontline State Power
Distribution Utility & service provider of QUALITY & RELIABLE POWER SUPPLY to over 1.59 million consumers of
electricity spread over the 13 Districts of Uttarakhand.
It generally works on 33 to 11 kv distribution .
Main function of UPCL is determining tariff rates and billing system operation.
These electrical consumers are categorized depending upon domestic, commercial, agricultural and industrial loads.
UPCL is also the first electrical utility in India to initiate women empowerment by employing local women through Self
Help Groups, as franchisees, for meter reading, bill distribution and revenue collection

WHAT IS POWER SYSTEM

The interconnection between generation to distribution is known as power system.
THREE PARTS OF POWER SYSTEM
1) Generation

GENERATION
AT 11 kV

2) Transmission

TRANSMISSI
ON ON
SUPERGRID
AT 400 kV
AND 275 kV
GENERATION
AND
TRANSMISSION
OF
ELECTRICITY

Transformer

3) Distribution

DISTRIBUTIO
N AROUND
AREA
COMPANIES
AT 132 kV
DISTRIBUTI
ON OF
ELECTRICIT
Y

PRIMARY
DISTRIBUTION
S TO LOCAL
SUBSTATIONS
AT 11 kV
SMALL
INDUSTRIAL
AND
DOMESTIC
COMSUMER AT
400 V/230 V

SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM OF POWER SYSTEM

SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM OF UPCL

Indra nagar
panditwadi
seemadwar

Vasant
vihar
aashirwa
d
hazaribagh

SUBSTATION
The assembly of apparatus to change the characteristics of electric power is called substation.

These are of two types

1) Transmission substation
2)Distribution substation

SUBSTATION CHARACTERISTICS
1)Each circuit is protected by its own circuit breaker.
2)If some fault occurs in the system, circuit breaker opens the contact .

SITE SELECTION OF 33 KV SUBSTATION

It should be easily approachable by road or rail for transportation

Substation site should be near to the town or city

Site chosen should be near to the load center as possible.

The land should not have any water logging problem.
The land should have sufficient ground area to accommodate substation equipment.

SWITCH YARD
Switch yard is a enclosed area at the power station containing switching facilities and equipment
for the purpose of connecting to the transmission network.
Switch yard is a bounded area of the substation were transformer, CT ,PT and lightning arrester
is installed .

CONTROL PANEL

This is the main part of the substation. We plant it outside the switchyard. All the equipment which is
install inside the switchyard is connected to the control panel by a underground cable. These cable are
connected to the measuring devices like as voltmeter and ammeter of high rating.

This control panel also consists a different type of relays like as differential, earth fault, auxiliary etc.
control panel gives all the correct reading for example when a line is come in switch yard is connected
to CVT. This CVT gives an exact value of incoming voltage on the control panel, If any fault is occurs, the
relay is tripped and we can see it on control panel and except it control panel gives the rating of all
feeders and temperature of oil and winding in the transformer.

DAILY LOAD CURVE OF SUBSTATION

TRANSFORMER
A transformer is an electric device that transfers energy between two or more circuit through
electromagnetic induction.

TYPE OF TRANSFORMER
Step up transformer
Step down transformer
Power transformer
Distribution transformer

IDEAL TRANSFORMER
Winding resistance is negligible.
Its leakage flux and leakage inductance zero.
No losses.
100% efficiency.

In case of ideal transformer Np*Ip = Ns*Is Ideal transformer as a circuit element :

COOLING
When a transformer is in operation the heat is generated due to iron loss in winding and core loss.
The process of minimize this heat is called cooling.

AIR NATURAL COOLING

In a dry type self-cooled transformer, the natural circulation of surrounding air is used for cooling.
This process of cooling is satisfactory for low voltage small transformer up to few KVA.

AIR BLAST COOLING

It is similar to natural cooling with an addition that continuous blast of filtered cooled air is forced
through the core and winding for better cooling. A fan produces the blast.

BUCHHOLZ RELAY
The transformer is fitted with double float buchholz relay.
It is fitted in the feed pipe from conservator to tank and it is provided with two sets of mercury
contacts.
The device comprises with the cast iron housing containing the hinged floats, one in upper part
and other in lower part . Each float is fitted with mercury switches, leads of which are connected
to terminal box for external connection.
It is connected to the protection circuit to give an early alarm in case of gas collection and to
disconnection of transformer from supply in case the severe fault inside the transformer.

EQUIPMENTS USED IN SUBSTATION

LIGHTNING ARRESTER

Lightning arresters are protective device for limiting surge voltages due to lighting strikes or
equipment faults or other events, to prevent damage to equipment and disruption of service. This
type of equipment also called surge arresters.

Lightning arresters are installed on many different pieces of equipment such as power poles and
towers, power transformer, circuit breaker, bus structure, and steel superstructure in substation.

CURRENT TRANSFORMER
They are commonly used in metering and protective relaying in the electrical power industry
where they facilitate the safe measurement of large currents, often in the presence of high
voltages.
The current transformer safely isolates measurement and control circuitry from high voltage
typically present on the circuit being measured. The CT acts as constant current series device
with an apparent power burden a fraction of that of high voltage primary circuit.
Common secondary's are 1 or 5 amperes . For example; a 400:1 CT would provide an output
current of 1 ampere when the primary was passing 400 amperes.

POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER
Potential transformer is designed for monitoring single - phase and three phase line voltages in
power metering application. The primary terminals can be connected either in line to line or in
line to neutral configuration.
A potential Transformer is a special type of transformer that allows meters to take reading from
electrical service connections with higher voltage than the meter is normally capable of handling
without at potential transformer .
Potential transformer has an accuracy of +_ 5% from 0 to 130% of their rated voltage
They have large no of secondary turns. They are used to increase the range of voltmeter in
electrical substation

INSULATOR
The insulator serve two purpose . They support the conductor (bus bar ) and confine the current
to the conductor . The most commonly used material for the manufacturer of insulator is
porcelain .
But the most wild use of insulator is to insulate the support or tower from the electric current
.These are several type of insulators (e.g. pin type ,suspension type , post insulator ,shackle
insulator etc.) and their use in the substation will depend upon the service requirement .For
example post insulator is used for bus bars can directly bolted to the cap

CIRCUIT BREAKER
Circuit breaker is mechanical device which is so designed by which circuit normal current and
fault position will be on and off .They are used for high capacity.

A circuit breaker can make or break a circuit either manually or automatically under all condition
viz. no load and short circuit condition .

Types of circuit breaker is :

1) air circuit breaker
2) oil circuit breaker
3) SF6 Fluoride circuit breaker
4) Air blast circuit breaker
5) vacuum circuit breaker(USED IN UPCL)

ISOLATOR

Mainly the isolator is connected after the circuit breaker .The circuit breaker is trip due to the
fault, or when suddenly a heavy current is flows , it means that the current will not flow after the
breaker ,but small amount of current is flows inner circuit.

For making this current total zero the isolator is open and isolator is connected to ground so all
inner current will grounded. This is the main work of isolator and other equipment are saved

PROTECTIVE RELAY
A protective relay is a device that detect the fault and initiate the operation of circuit
breaker to isolate the faulty element from the rest system.
It generally measure the parameters like voltage and current of the system.
It have preset value of parameter.

RELAY USED IN DISTRIBUTION

1)Distance relay
2)Differential relay
3)Earth fault relay
4)Overcurrent and overvoltage relay

BUS BAR
A bus bar is a conducting bar that carry heavy current to supply several electric circuit.
When a no. of generator or feeders operating at the same voltage level to be directly connected
electrically then a bus bar is used as common electrical component.
Bus bar is copper rod or walled tube and operate at constant voltage.

EARTHING
Connection of electric equipment to the earth with the help of connecting rod or wire of negligible
resistance is known as earthing.
TWO TYPES OF EARTHING
Pipe earthing
Plate earthing

THANKYOU