Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Tanks
(Credit for many illustrations is given to
McGraw Hill publishers
and an array of internet search results)
Parallel Reading
Chapter 9
Section 9.2
It is the force
Produced by
The resistance
Of the metal of
The tank that
Resists this force
The resisting
Area is the
Thickness of
The metal
2t
Force = 2*r*P
Therefore the Hoop Stress Is
F 2*r * P r * P
A
2*t
t
Thickness
t
P
Longitudinal stress must be
F P * * r
P*r
A 2 * * r * t 2 * t
An Example
A 500 gallon propane tank has a length
Of 12 feet, a diameter of 61 inches and
A wall thickness of 7/16ths of an inch
Steel rated for 60 ksi tension.
How much pressure can be put in it?
Where will it break?
Hoop Stress
Longitudinal Stress
Working it Out.
* t 60,000 * 0.4375
873 psi
pmax r 61
( 0.4375)
2
With a little algebra
Lets consider the case of a compressed air tank 30 inches in diameter made of
3/8th inch steel plate and pressurized to 180 psi. What kinds of stresses will we
Be putting on those welds?
180 *14.625
7020 psi
0.375
This hoop stress will be directly applied to the weld
Of course the longitudinal stress is
the hoop so it is 3510 psi.
We all know which weld is likely to go first.
Case 2
3510 psi
5265
7020 psi
3510
5265
50
weld
weld
7020
1755=r
Looks like
25 degrees
Down from horizontal
7020 psi
3510 psi
Decision
7020 psi
tension
Case 1
1344 psi
shear
4140 psi
tension
Case 2
Assignment 12
In a thin wall we are concerned about two stresses stress down the length
Longitudinal stress
and circumferential or hoop stress
Derivation is Tedious
(And therefore skipped)
Lames Equations
Thats Dandy
Human Interest
What happened to the radial stress between the inside and
outside?
h max
100 *
(0.05 0.07 )
(0.07 0.05 )
308MPa
2* p
houtside
ri
i
(r o r i )
200 *
0.05
208MPa
(0.07 0.05 )
2
100 * 0.05
1000 MPa
0.005
Example
Yipes!
The 3 stresses calculated for a pressure vessel are all principle stresses!
Lets see the longitudinal stress must be 0 this pipe is not closed at the end
That leaves radial stress a compression
And Hoop stress a tension
Substituting
max
p
2
*(
(r i r o )
2
(r o r i )
1)
Watch Out
Lets Apply
Inspired by the concrete canoe competition
Students at SIU decide to have a
Concrete submarine competition.
Connie Concrete wants to decide how
Deep her submarine can go.
10,000 *
(30 27 )
2
30
1900 psi
10,000 *
(30 27 )
2
2 * 30
950 psi
max
Radial Stress
Hoop
Stress
Longitudinal
Stress
1
max 2 ( biggest littlest )
Implications
The largest hoop stress will can take without triggering shear failure is twice
The shear limit
2,500 psi (shear limit) *2 = 5,000 psi maximum allowable hoop stress
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