Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
Rigid pipes
Flexible pipes
RIGID PIPELINES
An aircraft contains several types of rigid pipelines.
Each type has a specific application
Rigid pipeline is used in stationary applications and
when long,relatively straight runs are possible.
Systems that typically utilize rigid pipelines include fuel,
oil,oxygen, and instrument systems.
Rigid Pipes
Rigid pipes are manufactured from aluminium alloy, carbon steel and stainless
steel.
Aluminium alloy tubing for low pressure hydraulic and pneumatic systems
( below 1000psi) and pure aluminium tubes are for instrument air or ventilating
air
Stainless steel tubing is used for high pressure systems(3000psi)
gas turbine engine fuel systems and
high-pressure hydraulic systems
particularly undercarriage system which are exposed to debris
originating from the wheels.
Flexible Hose Assemblies
Used extensively on a/c to connect stationary parts to moving parts and

in areas of high vibration.
Hose generally has an inner liner covered with layers of reinforcement
The hose material is either synthetic rubber or Teflon.
Synthetic rubber hose reinforced with cotton metal braid and depending on
the pressure that the hose has to with stand, will have a rubber case on the
outside to protect the braiding.
Teflon hoses are made of tetrafluoroethylene resin, which is strengthened
and protected by a stainless steel braiding.
Teflon will generally withstand higher temperature and pressure than
synthetic rubber.
Flexible hose for use in aircraft system is manufactured in

four different pressure categories: 1.
Low pressure
2.
Medium pressure
3.
300 to 1500 psi
High pressure
4.
Less than 300 psi
1500 to 3000 psi
Extra High pressure
3000 to 6000 psi.
Flexible Hose
Green line Hydraulics (Skydrol) Medium pressure

Green with white layline Hydraulic (Skydrol) High pressure
Aircraft Hydraulics
Air System Pipes
Pneumatic
Fuel & Oil
There are four types: 1.
Flared Fitting
3.
Bead and Clamp
2.
Flareless Fitting
4.
Swaged
Notes:
The flared, flareless and swaged types may be used connector in all
systems,regardless of the pressure.
Flare type coupling

Much of the rigid tubing used in modern aircraft is connected to
components by flaring the tube ends and using flare type fitting.
A flared tube fitting consists of a sleeve and a B-nut.
Flare provides sealing surface and is subject to extremely high
pressure.
High-pressure type connection used in fuel, oil and

hydraulic systems.
TUBE CUTTERS
- Tube cutters have a cutting blade (1), guide rollers (2), and an
-
adjusting screw (3).

Some cutters have a reaming blade attached to the frame of the
cutter.
The tube cutters can cut from 1/8 inch through 2 5/8 inches
tubing.
They can cut copper, aluminium, or brass tubing.
FLARING TOOL
- Flaring tools are two basic types, single and double. They are
used to put flares in soft tubing.
- The single flaring tool consists of a split die block, a locking
clamp with compressor screw and a cone which forms a 37
flare on the end of the tube.
- The screw has a T-handle.
The die block is constructed to be used on the

following outside diameter tubing 1/8, 3/16, 1/4,
5/16, 3/8, 7/16, 1/2, 5/8 and 3/4 inch.
The double flaring tool consists of a split die block, a
locking clamp with compressor screw, adapters for
turning tube edge, and a cone which form 37 flare
on the end of the tube. The screw has a T-handle.
Loosen die block clamp

screw (1), and open die
block clamp (2)
Insert tubing to be flared (3)

into die block clamp
- Holding tubing so there is about 1/8 inch
extending above die block clamp, and tighten

die block clamp screws.
NOTE:
DO NOT OVER-TIGHTEN CUTTER AS TUBING MAY KINK AND
FLATTEN.
Slide yoke (4) over die block clamp, and align

the (5) over the end of tubing.
Tighten feed screw (6) forcing the tip (5) into

the tubing and forcing the tubing into the
chamber of the die block clamp.
When desired flare is reached, unscrew feed

screw, and remove yoke from die block clamp.
AGS Couplings
Consists of flared pipe, adaptor nipple, collar, collar
sleeve and inner sleeve.
When assembling pipe to adaptor external cone no
nipple required, pipe to adaptor
internal cone, spherical ended adaptor nipple
required and when assembling pipe
to pipe ordinary adaptor nipple is used.
Flareless Fittings
The heavy wall tubing used in some high pressure systems is
difficult to flare.
For this applications, the flareless fitting is designed to
provide leak free attachments without flares.
The introduction of flareless tube fittings eliminates all tube
flare tendency of fatigue failure of pipes flared end.
Flareless fitting are used for high-pressure system.
The amount of pressure that the system carries is usually the
deciding factor in selecting a connector.
Example of Flareless fitting
Bead and Clamp
The beaded type of joint requires a bead and a section of hose

and hose clamps.
It is used only in low or medium pressure systems, such as

vacuum and coolant system.
Example of Bead and Clamp
Uncrimped
Crimped
Ear clamp
Beaded Fitting
Worm
Clamp
Swaged fitting
Hoses using swaged end fittings are assembled on special
machinery that is typically not found in the shop.
These fittings cannot be removed and reused.
Example of
swaged fitting

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