Source: http://socialstudies.pppst.com/banner_culture.

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CULTURE
Emphasis on
something which
binds people
together, is
superoganic, and one
of a kind

SOCIETY
Groups of people or
individuals and their
interrelationship with
one another to attain
certain ends
(Kluckhohn: 131)

Source: Masquiso, T. R. (1997). Socio-Anthro: An Introduction to the Social Sciences. Makati: Grandwater

CULTURE
TRANSFORMS A
GROUP INTO A
SOCIETY

Source: Masquiso, T. R. (1997). Socio-Anthro: An Introduction to the Social Sciences. Makati: Grandwater Publications;
http://previews.123rf.com/images/rawpixel/rawpixel1504/rawpixel150405300/38967584-Culture-Community-Ideology-Society-Principle-Concept-Stock-

CULTURE
RELATIVISM
Human practice or
institution must be
understood in context
of its culture. But
should always be
evaluated.

ETHNOCENTRIC
VIEW
Assumes that the
familiar standard of
ones culture is the
best and most
appropriate

Source: Masquiso, T. R. (1997). Socio-Anthro: An Introduction to the Social Sciences. Makati: Grandwater

CULTURE ALSO
VARIES ACROSS
TIME IN THE SAME
SOCIETY
Ex. Cash economy in
bayanihan

Source: Masquiso, T. R. (1997). Socio-Anthro: An Introduction to the Social Sciences. Makati: Grandwater Publications; http://www.native-art-in
canada.com/images/nokomis_good_times.jpg

DEFINITIONS

Source: Masquiso, T. R. (1997). Socio-Anthro: An Introduction to the Social Sciences. Makati: Grandwater

CULTURE AS
SYMBOLIC
Symbols and
meanings people use
to organize ideas,
interpret experience,
pass judgment, make
decisions & guide
behaviour (Jocano,
1992)

Source: Masquiso, T. R. (1997). Socio-Anthro: An Introduction to the Social Sciences. Makati: Grandwater Publications;
https://img0.etsystatic.com/064/1/8320370/il_570xN.753701974_jon0.jpg

CULTURE AS SOCIAL
LEGACY
Shared products of
human beings
acquired over time and
transmitted from one
generation to another
(Spindler: 1974: 27)

Source: Masquiso, T. R. (1997). Socio-Anthro: An Introduction to the Social Sciences. Makati: Grandwater Publications;
http://www.clipartheaven.com/clipart/kids_stuff/images_(g_-_z)/mother_&_child_reading.gif

CULTURE AS SYSTEM
OF NORMS
Standards of deciding
what can be done, how
one feels about, what
to do about, how to go
about changing
(Goodenough in
Spindler: 28)

Source: Masquiso, T. R. (1997). Socio-Anthro: An Introduction to the Social Sciences. Makati: Grandwater

CULTURE AS AN
ABSTRACTION
Ideas and
understanding that
must be inferred rather
than observed

Source: Masquiso, T. R. (1997). Socio-Anthro: An Introduction to the Social Sciences. Makati: Grandwater Publications;

CULTURE AS AN
ADAPTIVE
MECHANISM
Man was able to adapt
to his environment and
to survive in the
process because of his
cultural adaptions. Ex.
Farming, media

Source: Masquiso, T. R. (1997). Socio-Anthro: An Introduction to the Social Sciences. Makati: Grandwater Publications; https://encryptedtbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTfPwkwbNbAEs8qXj7XtSxFz1zMOjbkkv1yOizRlApnzJdGlheLcA

CLASS ASSIGNMENT
Find a cultural artefact and discuss the conditions
surrounding the use of it:
1. Activity where they are used, characteristics of
the group using it: gender, age, socioeconomic factors and other characteristics
that would show what kind of social interaction
encouraged by it.
2. What changes in the environment lead to its
disuse?

Source: Masquiso, T. R. (1997). Socio-Anthro: An Introduction to the Social Sciences. Makati: Grandwater