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LOWRY MODEL-AN
ILLUSTRATION
BY
K.Mohana Sundari
2016803011
SIMULATION MODEL
SIMULATION MODEL
model a real-life or hypothetical situation
on a computer so that it can be studied to
see how the system works
Types
STEPS
Goal Setting
Data collection
The choice of the type of simulation
Generation of the model
Visualization and interpretation of results
SOFTWARE
Anylogic
TransModeler Traffic Simulation Software
GRAVITY MODEL
GRAVITY MODEL
Interaction between two places irrespective
of their distance.
Application of Newton's law of gravity on
urban planning.
Developed in 1950 for trip distribution
Assumes that the trips produced at an
origin and attracted to a destination are
directly proportional to the total trip
productions at the origin and the total
attractions at the destination.
PROCESS OF DEFINITION
TRAFFIC
PLANNING
ANALYSING
METHODS
TRIP
GENERATION
Multi regression
analysis
It predicts the
number oftrips
originating in or
destined for a
particular traffic
analysis zone
TRIP
Number of trips
DISTRIBUTION that occur between
each origin zone
and each
destination zone
Gravity Model
MODAL SPLIT
Percentage of
travellers using a
particular type of
transportation
Multinomial logit
model
TRIP
ASSIGNMENT
All-or-nothing
assignment
SOFTWARES
OTISS
(trip generation
and analysis)
TRANSCAD,
UTSP lab.
Factors affecting/governing
interaction
Density of land
Number of dwellings > employment per unit of land
Higher density = more trips
PROBLEMS
The distance function
Zoning problem
Calibration
BASIC FORMULA
TYPES
Unconstrained
Constrained
a. Single constrained Gravity model
b. Doubly constrained gravity model
PROBLEM
Conclusion
All the models are used to predict the future
demands.
Gravity and lowry model is not been used
widely as its tedious and time consuming.
Reference
Models in planning by C .Lee
http://www.slideshare.net/SrikanthKenchug
undu/land-use-by-lowry-model-as-an-exampl
e
http://www.witpress.com/elibrary/wit-trans
actions-on-ecology-and-the-environment/155
/23103
http://online.liverpooluniversitypress.co.
uk/doi/abs/10.3828/tpr.56.4.n202x705141x16
00?journalCode=tpr
http://classes.uleth.ca/200803/geog3235a/C
onstrained_gravity_model_2008.pdf