GENERAL FIRST AID

DEFINITION OF FIRST AID

FIRST AID IS AN IMMEDIATE CARE
GIVEN TO A PERSON WHO HAS BEEN
INJURED OR SUDDENLY TAKEN ILL. IT
INCLUDES SELF-HELP AND HOME
CARE IF MEDICAL ASSISTANCE IS
NOT AVAILABLE OR DELAYED.

ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

OF A FIRST AIDER
BRIDGE THAT FILLS THE GAP BETWEEN THE
VICTIM AND THE PHYSICIAN
IT IS NOT INTENDED TO COMPETE WITH, OR TAKE
THE PLACE OF THE SERVICES OF THE PHYSICIAN
IT ENDS WHEN THE SERVICES OF THE PHYSICIAN
BEGINS

ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

OF A FIRST AIDER

ENSURE SAFETY OF HIM / HERSELF AND THAT

OF BYSTANDERS

ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

OF A FIRST AIDER

DETERMINE ANY THREATS TO THE PATIENTS

LIFE

ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

OF A FIRST AIDER

SUMMON ADVANCED MEDICAL CARE FOR THE

PATIENT

ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

OF A FIRST AIDER

ASSIST ADVANCED PERSONNEL

ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

OF A FIRST AIDER

RECORD ALL FINDINGS AND CARE GIVEN TO

THE PATIENT

OBJECTIVES OF FIRST AID

TO ALLEVIATE SUFFERING
TO PREVENT ADDED OR FURTHER INJURY
TO PROLONG LIFE

CHARACTERISTICS OF A
GOOD FIRST AIDER

GENTLE

RESOURCE
FUL

CHARACTERISTICS OF A
GOOD FIRST AIDER

OBSERVAN
TACTFUL
T

CHARACTERISTICS OF A
GOOD FIRST AIDER

RESPECTA
EMPHATIC
BLE

HINDRANCES IN GIVING
FIRST AID
UNFAVORABLE SURROUNDINGS
PRESENCE OF CROWDS
PRESSURE FROM VICTIMS OR RELATIVES

SUGGESTED FIRST AID KIT

CONTENTS

RUBBING ALCOHOL (70%)

POVIDONE IODINE
COTTON
GAUZE PADS
TONGUE DEPRESSOR
PENLIGHT
BAND AIDS
PLASTER
GLOVES
SCISSORS
FORCEPS

GETTING STARTED
PLAN OF ACTION
GATHERING OF NEEDED MATERIALS
INITIAL RESPONSE
ASK FOR HELP
INTERVENE
DO NO FURTHER HARM
INSTRUCTION TO HELPERS

EMERGENCY
ACTION
PRINCIPLES

EMERGENCY ACTION
PRINCIPLES

SURVEY
THE
SCENE

IS THE SCENE SAFE?

WHAT HAPPENED?
HOW MANY PEOPLE
ARE INJURED?
ARE THERE
BYSTANDERS WHO
CAN HELP?

EMERGENCY ACTION
PRINCIPLES

PRIMARY
SURVEY

CHECK FOR
CONSCIOUSNESS
CHECK AIRWAY
CHECK FOR SIGNS OF
LIFE

EMERGENCY ACTION
PRINCIPLES

ACTIVATE
MEDICAL
ASSISTANC
E

CALL FIRST
OR CALL
FAST (FOR
LONE
RESPONDERS
)

CALL FIRST
ACTIVATE MEDICAL ASSISTANCE BEFORE
PROVIDING CARE IF:
AN UNCONSCIOUS ADULT VICTIM OR CHILD 8
YEARS OLD OR OLDER
AN UNCONSCIOUS INFANT OR CHILD KNOWN TO
BE AT HIGH RISK FOR HEART PROBLEMS

CARE FIRST
PROVIDE FIRST AID FOR 1-2 MINUTES THEN
CALL IF:
AN UNCONSCIOUS VICTIM LESS THAN 8 YEARS
OLD
CARDIAC ARREST IN CHILDREN KNOWN TO BE AT
HIGH RISK FR ARRHYTHMIAS
ANY VICTIM OF SUBMERSION OR NEAR DROWNING
ANY VICTIM OF ARREST ASSOCIATED WITH
TRAUMA
ANY VICTIM OF DRUG OVERDOSE

INFORMATION TO BE
REMEMBERED WHEN CALLING.

WHAT HAPPENED?
LOCATION?
NUMBER OF PERSONS INJURED?
EXTENT OF INJURY AND FIRST AID GIVEN
TELEPHONE NUMBER FROM WHERE YOU ARE
CALLING.
NOTE: PERSON WHO CALLED MUST
IDENTIFY HIMSELF/HERSELF AND BE THE
LAST TO DROP THE CALL

EMERGENCY ACTION
PRINCIPLES

SECONDAR
Y SURVEY

INTERVIEW THE
VICTIM
ASK THE VICTIMS
NAME
ASK WHAT
HAPPENED
ASSESS THE
SAMPLE HISTORY

SAMPLE HISTORY
S SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
A ALLERGIES
M MEDICATIONS
P PAST MEDICAL HISTORY
L LAST ORAL INTAKE
E EVENTS PRIOR TO THE EPISODE

EMERGENCY ACTION
PRINCIPLES

SECONDAR
Y SURVEY

CHECK THE VITAL

SIGNS
PULSE
BREATHING
BLOOD PRESSURE
PUPIL REACTION
SKIN

EMERGENCY ACTION
PRINCIPLES

SECONDAR
Y SURVEY

PERFORM HEAD TO
TOE EXAMINATION
DCAPBTLS

DCAPBTLS
DEFORMITI
ES

DCAPBTLS
CONTUSIO
N

DCAPBTLS
ABRASION

DCAPBTLS
PUNCTURE

DCAPBTLS
BRUISING

DCAPBTLS
TENDERNE
SS

DCAPBTLS
LACERATIO
NS

DCAPBTLS
SWELLING

POISONING
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
ALTERED MENTAL STATUS
HISTORY OF INGESTING POISONS
BURNS AROUND THE MOUTH
ODD BREATH ODORS
NAUSEAS AND VOMITING
DIARRHEA

OTHER FIRST AIDS

WHAT TO DO IN POISONING
IDENTIFY THE POISON. DIFFERENT POISONS
HAVE DIFFERENT ANTIDOTES.
PLACE THE VICTIM ON HIS/HER LEFT SIDE
MONITOR THE ABCS
SAVE ANY EMPTY CONTAINER FOR ANALYISIS
SAVE ANY VOMITUS IF PRESENT

SPRAIN

A SPRAIN IS A
PAINFUL TEARING
OF THE LIGAMENT
FROM THE BONE.
THIS IS USUALLY
CAUSED BY
OVERSTRETCHING
OF CERTAIN
JOINTS IN THE
BODY

SPRAIN FIRST AID

R REST
I IMMOBILIZE
C COMPRESSION
E - ELEVATE

CHOKING

UNIVERSAL
SIGN OF
CHOKING

CHOKING
THE UNIVERSAL SIGN OF CHOKING IS
GRABBING OF THE THROAT
THE CASUALTY MAY COUGH, WHEEZE OR
STOP BREATHING SUDDENLY
A CHOKING VICTIM MAY GET UP AND LEAVE
SUDDENLY BECAUSE OF EMBARRASSMENT
THE PATIENT MAY START TO GO BLUE AND
BECOME CONFUSED

CHOKING

THE
HEIMLICH
MANEUVER

NOSEBLEEDS
NOSEBLEEDS HAPPEN COMMONLY WHEN
THERE IS BREAKAGE IN THE SMALL
BLOOD VESSELS (CAPILLARIES) INSIDE
THE NOSE
IN SEVERE OR URGENT CASES THE MOST
COMMON CAUSE IS DIRECT TRAUMA

NOSEBLEEDS (FIRST AID)

GET THE CASUALTY TO IT AND LEAN FORWARD
PINCH THE NOSTRILS CLOSED AND APPLY GENTLE
PRESSURE
IF BLEEDING PERSISTS, APPLY A COLD PACK TO
HELP SLOW CIRCULATION AND CALL FOR BACKUP

FAINTING
FAINTING IS A BRIEF
LOSS OF
CONSCIOUSNESS
CAUSED BY A
TEMPORARY
SHORTAGE OF BLOOD
FLOW TO THE BRAIN.
THESE CASUALTIES
USUALLY RECOVER
QUICKLY

CAUSES OF FAINTING
STANDING OR SITTING IN ONE POSITION FOR
EXTREMELY LONG PERIODS. BLOOD POOLS IN THE LEGS
FATIGUE, HUNGER, LACK OF A WELL-VENTILATED AREA
FEAR ANXIETY AND EMOTIONAL STRESS. SOME PEOPLE
FAINT AT HE SIGHT OF BLOOD
ILLNESS, INJURY OR SEVERE PAIN.